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The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to information and communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes such as:
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The first section, on the Red line, opened in 2002, followed by the Yellow line in 2004,
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2. Contents
2
Introduction
History
Indian Railways System
Major functions of control system
Components Used
About ETCS levels
ETCS functions
ETCS in India
ETCS Deployment and Applications
Future Planning
Conclusion
References
3. Introduction
3
Train control is the process by which the movement of
rail rapid transit vehicles is regulated for the purposes
of safety and efficiency.
The train control system is analogous to the sensory
organs and central nervous system of the human
body. It senses and processes information, makes
decisions, and transmits commands.
ETCS based is on digital track-car transmission. This
transmission may be made by balises, short, average
or long loops, digital radio channel or specialized
transmission modules.
4. Cont…
4
ETCS is a train Collision avoidance system.
Automatic Train Control (ATC) reduces the
involvement of human in the operation of trains.
Aims: Improving safety, train services, reducing staff
costs.
ETCS lays the foundation for highly automated
transportation and securely positions rail operators for
the future.
5. History
5
By the end of the 1980s, the advent of high-speed trains
showed that signaling based on line side signals is
insufficient.
On 4 and 5 December 1989, a working group including
Transport Ministers resolved a master plan for a trans-
European high-speed rail network, the first time that ETCS
was suggested.
Eurobalise developed after a crash in 1985 and it was
deployed in the early 1990s on French lines.
About the same time the idea came up to develop a
common train protection system for Europe leading to the
91/440/EEC as of 29 July 1991. Since 1993 the
organizational framework was in place to publish TSI
standards.
6. Cont…
6
Then, at the end of 1993, the EU council issued an
Interoperability Directive and a decision was made to
create a group of railway expert called ERTMS Group,
This allowed for the first drafts of the new technology and
since 1996 the elements were tested by six railway
operators which had joined the ERTMS user group.
In the summer of 1998, the UNISIG (Union of Signaling
Industry) comprising the European Signaling companies
Alstom, Ansaldo Signal, Bombardier, Invensys Rail ,
Siemens and Thales was formed to finalize the TSI of the
ERTMS project.
Siemens has been heavily involved in the specification of
the system, and in 2006, jointly with Thales, equipped the
first ETCS line in regular service – Juterborg-Halle-Leipzig.
9. Indian Train Control System
9
ICF Coaches
1955 till now used.
Max. speed 110km/hr.
Weight per 10m is 39.5
tones.
Length : 23.5 m.
The coaches climb over
each in accidents causing
serious casuality.
LHB Coaches
• 1999 from Germany.
• Max. speed 200km/hr.
• Lighter weight (17.8
tones), more comfortable
than ICF, low
maintenance cost.
• Material - Al Stainless
Steel.
• Pneumatic Disc Brake,
Fiat Bogie.
• 1LHB Coach Cost: 1.5 to
10. Major Functions of Control
System
10
Train Protection:-
Prevention of collision and derailments.
Train Operation:-
Control of train movement and stopping at stations.
Train Supervision:-
Direction of train movement in relation to schedule.
Communication:-
Interchange of information among the elements of
the system.
11. Components Used
11
Eurobalise
GSM-R
Lineside Electronic Unit (LEU)
Interlocking (IXL)
Radio Block Center (RBC)
Euro vital computer (EVC)
Driver Machine Interface (DMI)
Odometer Sensors
Signal Encoder
12. Eurobalise
12
• Siemens Eurobalise in Germany.
• Electromagnetic navigation
system.
• Received signal of train speed up
to 500kmph.
• Typically spaced 3 meters apart.
• Euroloop cables connected to
transmits telegrams at a specific
site.
• Euroloops had been used in
Switzerland which completed the
change in July 2010.
13. Cont…
13
Basic Transmission Module (BTM) mounted under a
passing train.
The downlink uses an amplitude modulation on the
27.095 MHz frequency.
The uplink uses FSK with 3.951 MHz (0) and
4.516 MHz (1). The data rate of 564.48 kbps is
enough to transmit 3 copies of a telegram to a train
passing at 500 km/h.
In a practical setup the BTM requires 65 Watt to
power the Eurobalises and to receive the telegrams
with the BTM mounted 21 cm (8 1⁄4 in) above top of
rail on a bogie.
14. Size of Eurobalise
14
Length 440 mm
Width 262 mm
Height 42 mm
Weight < 5 kg
Temperature Range - 40 / +70°C
Designed for railway and metro lines
Compatible with the majority supports
used in ERTMS and KER
applications
Available with different type of
connector (screw or bayonet)
15. AlTrac 6413 TSS
15
AlTrac 6413 ETCS TSS is a trackside
system for the European Train Control
System (ETCS) Level 1. The system
fulfils the requirements for train
interoperability on European routes and
ensures that train movements are
properly monitored.
Detects signal aspects
Calculates signal information
Transmits the appropriate ETCS
telegram to Eurobalise / Euroloop.
16. GSM-R
16
International wireless communic
ations standard.
used for communication
between train and railway
regulation control centre.
The distance between the base
stations is 7–15 km.
Freq. band 900 MHz to 1.6 MHz
17. RBC
17
The RBC is a device used at ETCS Level 2 acting as
a centralized safety unit which, using radio connection
via GSM-R, receives train position information and
sends movement authorization and further information
required by the train for its movement.
18. ETCS Levels
18
An ETCS level, which specifies the required
equipment components, such as balises installed in
the track, an RBC and an LEU.
Level 1: ETCS is installed on line side and on board;
spot transmission of data from track to train (and
versa) via Eurobalises or Euroloops.
Level 2: As level 1, but eurobalises are only used for
the exact train position detection. The continuous data
transmission via GSM-R with the Radio Block
Center (RBC) give the required signaling Information
to the drivers display. There is further line side
equipment needed, i.e. for train integrity detection.
Level 3: As level 2, but train location and train integrity
supervision no longer rely on trackside equipment
such as track circuits or axle counters.
25. Cont…
25
a new and superior model for braking curves,
a cold movement optimization and
additional track description options.
Improve the system's efficiency on long cross-
border distances.
Increasing Safety and Security
Higher performance, improved track utilization
and greater passenger service frequency
26. ETCS in India
26
Thales has developed the signaling system known as the
ETCS to prevent train mishaps and Indian Railways
chooses the system as the basis of TPWS to enhance
safety in train operation.
TPWS has been operational on the 48km Chennai Beach -
Gummidipoondi line since 2008.
The Indian Railways has launched a TPWS provided by
French firm Thales on the 68-km-long Basin Bridge-
Arakkonam section in southern India was inaugurated by
Akhil Agrawal, Director General (Signal &
Telecommunication), Railway Board, at Ambattur station,
Chennai completed on December 2016.
Raviprakash Karcherla, Director in Charge of Ground
Transportation for Thales in India.
Northern railways, installed in 12279/12280 Taj Express,
14211/14212 Agra- New Delhi intercity express.
27. Cont…
27
Indian Railways intends to implement Train Protection
Warning System (TPWS) on a total of approximately 7,900
km of main lines across the country out of which 3,300 km
has already been budgeted.
As per plan, a total of approximately, 2600 ETCS on board
systems shall be installed on locomotives. Currently two
projects are on tender and both are in Kolkata region.
While the 128-km long line, 30 stations, 62 electric multiple
unit (EMU) trains to be equipped in the Eastern Railway,
another 121-km long rail line, 27 stations, 70 EMUs to be
equipped with the modern signaling system as accident
prevention measure.
Deployments are also planned on the Chennai Beach -
Tambaram - Chengalpattu line, where a tender is
underway, and on the Arakkonam - Jolarpettai sections.
28. Cont…
28
Northern Indian Railways:
Supplier (for the Lev.1 system) of:
» BTM and Antennas (35)
» Compact LEU (290)
» Eurobalises (520)
» EVC (35)
Southern Indian Railways:
Supplier (for the Lev.1 system) of:
» BTM and Antennas (84)
» Compact LEU (108)
» Eurobalises (520)
» EVC (84)
29. ETCS Deployments
29
October 2008: Opening of Beijing–Tianjin Intercity
Railway equipped with ETCS Level 1.
December 2009: Opening of Wuhan–Guangzhou
High-Speed Railway equipped with CTCS Level 3
(based on ETCS Level 2).
In France, July 2017: The LGV SEA from Tour to
Bordeaux opens with ETCS level 2.
Other countries are: Australia, Spain, Switzerland,
Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel etc.
32. Conclusion
32
Over the last years, ERTMS has become a trending
topic when talking about European railways. As an
ATP, ERTMS is a safety system that enforces
compliance by the train with speed restrictions and
signaling status.
GSM is no longer being developed outside of GSM-R,
the manufacturers have committed to supplying GSM-
R till at least 2030. The ERA is considering what
action is needed to smoothly transition to a successor
system as GPRS or Edge.
