The document discusses various methods and challenges in ESL teaching, highlighting approaches like the communicative method, direct method, free voluntary reading, and others. It identifies common obstacles faced by ESL educators, such as student indiscipline and lack of motivation, and proposes the use of technology and multimedia resources as effective solutions. Additionally, it suggests interactive activities and games to enhance language learning and engagement in the classroom.

1. A Discussion of Obstacles and
Solutions to Language
Development in an ESL
Classroom

3. There are many techniques of ESL teaching
found ever since learning started. The most
important of them:-
 The Communicative Method.
 The Direct Method
 FVR - Free Voluntary Reading.
 The structural approach.
 Total Physical Response (TPR).
 The Silent Way.
 Use of music
 Story-Telling

4. The Communicative Method
is
 One of the methods in teaching that helps students to
grasp their attentions which had been used ever since
learning started till today .
 In this method attempts are made to build strong personal
links between the teacher and student so that there are no
blocks to learning.
 It provides a better learning environment in the
classroom.
 There is much talk in the mother tongue which is
translated by the teacher for repetition by the student.

5. Direct Method :-most widely popular at the
beginning of twenties
 Lots of oral interaction –spontaneous use of
language between first and second language .
 Oral communication skills used.
 Grammar structure was used indirectly.
 Concrete vocabulary was taught through
demonstration of objects or pictures.
 No analysis of grammatical rules.

6. FVR - Free Voluntary Reading
FVR - Free Voluntary Reading is simply allowing students to read
materials of their own choosing without the pressure of rewards,
book reports or testing.
 FVR is the best way for the students to improve their language skills.
 The pioneer of FVR and its research is Stephen D. Krashen.
 Practicing FVR improves "reading competence, our vocabulary, and
our ability to handle complex grammatical constructions.
In this method a library should be accessible.
 We have to access reading materials for each level e.g. Cambridge
University Press, Oxford or Macmillan.
 Simplified novels out of the CLASSIC Ones Such as David Copperfield,
Robinson Crouse.
 Fairy tales reading such as Pinocchio or Hansel and Gretal

7. • The structural approach-This method sees language as
a complex of grammatical rules which are to be learned
one at a time in a set of order.
• Total Physical Response (TPR) TPR the learner
responds to simple commands such as "Stand up",
"Close your book", "Go to the window .”The instructor is
the director of the stage where the students are actors.
The method stresses the importance of aural
comprehension.
• The Silent Way: The aim of the teacher is to say as little
as possible. It was too harsh a method .The teacher is too
distant to encourage a communicative atmosphere.

8. o Use of music: At a beginners level, songs can be used
to teach basic vocabulary. Colors, body parts, simple
actions(and phrases), clothes and names of people are only
a few of the concepts that can be taught through music".
o Story-Telling A lesson plan that includes Story-Telling
activities, allows students to be creative and fosters the
natural approach to learning a second language. Tell a story
of what has happened in the story they have read.
o Role Play can be reality or fantasy based. It provides
the students to experience with real life situation.

10. There are obstacles facing ESL teachers
even they are using these methods
 Students can hardly string a sentence even though
they have attended YEARS of language classes.
 They don’t have confidence in speaking their
second language as well as being able to read and
write in it.
 Students are not really motivated to pay attention
in their classes and they are not motivated to do
their assignments

11. Many teachers refer their difficulties to do their
jobs properly due to:
• High level of indiscipline in the classroom.
• Students’ lack of commitment to their subject-
matter.
• students don't seem motivated

13. The best solution for the ESL teaching is in
Computer as one of the effective multimedia Kits
for education
Communication in class is a must. But How do the
teachers provide students with the adequate type of
learning that satisfy their curiosity .
 In the High Institutes computers should be
available everywhere. There have to be Multimedia
Kits-a collection of materials involving one type of
medium and organized around a single topic. Kits
include CD rooms ,slides, audiotapes ,video tapes,
still pictures ,OHT, Maps and the teacher centered
with the students.

15. With these materials the teacher could play
his/her role with a high efficiency.
• Students can easily learn any topic through the
audio –visual media.
• Listening to a new language will not be a barrier.
• Thus grasping a language from a native –speakers
would be granted easily.
• Then after that we as teachers can use the previous
methods of learning beside the modern methods
like watching a video-Films and listening to songs

16. Through Computers two prime methods sought:-
Audio-lingual
 Memorization of set of phrases. There is much practice of
dialogues of everyday situations.
 Much use of tapes ,language labs and visual aids.
 Great importance is attached to pronunciation.
 New language is first heard and extensively drilled before
being seen in its written form. Drilling is a central technique.
 Mother language usage is forbidden.
 Grammatical explanations are avoided.
 Communicative activities come after a long process of rigid
drills and exercises.

17. The Lexical Syllabus-
This approach is based on a computer analysis of
language which identifies the most common (and
hence most useful) words in the language and their
various uses.
 Your lessons will be topics focusing on various
issues from current affairs to everyday issues.
The teacher will expand on lesson topics helping
students to increase their vocabulary, work on
grammar, improve sentence construction and
allow them to express themselves in the correct
way.

18. Games can help students learn more
effectively than traditional teaching methods.
Here are some ESL Activities like fun
 Reviewing Vocabulary`
 Last 15 minutes left at the end of class write some
vocabulary words recently learned.
 The first student must say a sentence using one of the
vocabulary words on the board, which you can then cross
out. The second student must say what the first person
said, plus a sentence of his/her own, using one of the
remaining vocabulary words on the board. Each student
will have to say everything that was said before them, and
the last student will have to say the most.
 The students may challenge you to say everyone’s
sentences at the end!

19. Learning different tenses!
 on Monday, you can ask the students,
"What did you do this weekend?" Going
around the circle, each student says a Past
Tense sentence.

20. The second student must say what the first person
said(using first pronoun and second pronoun)
 “My name is Brian, and my favorite color is
orange.”). The second person must say
what the first person said (“His name is
Brian and his favorite color is orange.”) as
well as a statement about him/herself (“My
name is Jane, and I have a pet cat.”). Each
student will have to say everything that was
said before them, and the last student will
have to say the most.

21. ESL Flashcard Game: Around the World
 Directions: Starting at one side of the
classroom, have two students stand up.
Then, show them a flashcard, and the first
student to say it correctly moves on to the
next student (the losing student sits down).
The goal is to go “around the world”,
reading the flashcards without being
beaten and thus returning to the desk
where you started.
 This is a good warm up or review exercise.
You might find that one particular student
wins all the time.

22. Don't Say the Words
Directions: Print and cut out the cards below.
Have a student choose a card. The object is to
get his/her classmates to say the boldface
word at the top, but he/she cannot say the
other words on the cards. In order to do this,
students have to be creative with their English
vocabulary speaking abilities. You'll be
surprised with what they're able to come up
with!

23. Nose
face
smell
ear
Table
chair
desk
school
Chair
sit
table
Summer
hot
winter
Door
open
close
classroom

24. Computer
game
Internet
Dog
pet
cat
animal
Socks
feet
foot
shoe
Phone
call
talk
cell
Money
dollar
buy
give
Cloud
sky
white

25. Good teaching
Is More giving of Right questions than giving of
the Right answers
Josef Alberts
THANKS YOU ALL FOR ATTENDANCE
&Thanks FOR ALL THE
TEACHERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN
DEVELOPING THE TEACHING PROGRAM