topics of environmental imapct assesment

1. Environmental Impact
Assessment
Presented by : Group 1

2. WHAT IS EIA?
EIA can broadly delfined as a study of effects of proposed project ,plan or program on the
environment in which the extended environmental information
is submitted to a competent autority.
The basic concept of EIA is an exercise to be carried out before undertaking any project or
major activity and ensure that the project or the activity will not harm the envirinment in any
way on short term or long term basis.
The concept of EIA was born in USA after the enactment of the most
significant legislation.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969
It is the “ magna carta “ of environment law.

3. In India after the bhopal gas tragedy in 1984, the
environmental protection act was enacted in 1986.
This EPA is also referred to as the umbrella act.
Under the EPA the EIA notification was 1st issued by the
central government in 1994.
This was amended in 2006 to make it more streamlined ,
transparent, decentralized and independent of policies.
A notification regarding EIA was issued in 2020.

4. AIMS OF EIA
Identifying potential environmental impacts.
Assessing the significance of these impacts.
Mitigating or minimising adverse impact.
Promoting sustainable development.
Providing information for decision makers and
the public.

5. Objectives of EIA
Evaluate project alternatives
Predict and assess environmental impacts
Propose mitigation measure.
Monitor and manage impacts during project
implementation
Ensure compliance with environmental
regulations.

7. SCREENING
• This is the 1st stage of EIA
• Screening is a process of determining whether or not a proposal requires full-
scale EIA and the level at which that assesment should occur.
• In India , screening is done on the basis of a defined list.
•Thershold values on the size, location, output etc of the project have been used to
determine whether the project will be cleared by the State Govt or by Central Govt
•For ex, applications is done by the State Level Expert Appraisal Committee
(SLEAC) to determine whether an EIA study is required or not.

8. SCOPING
•2nd stage of EIA
• This stage also defined the boundary and time limit of the study.
• In India, scoping is done by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) based on the
information provided by the proponent (consultant).
• A project scoping activity can be carried out in 9 steps . They are:
1. Set up the team of experts that will conduct the EIA.
2.Describe the project area & the area of project influence.
3. Outline project alternatives for preparation, implementation and closure.
4. Conduct public meetings, integrate comments and collect feedback into project
planing and the alterations.
5. Outline a set of resources and issues

9. 6. Define a set of criteria to assess the planned project/development
7. List the significant and non-significant impacts
8.Identify a set of data for potential data collection needs.
9.Start inserting this information in the TOR.
• The State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) or the union Territory
Pollution Control Committee (UTPCCC) is given the responsibility for
conducting the public hearing.
On the whole scoping identufies the important issues and prepare
Terms of Reference (TOR).It is prepared by EAC addressing all
relevant environmental concerns.

10. Impact Assessment
# Core part of an EIA
# It refers to the detailed evaluation of the environment & social impacts of the planned
project and identified alternatives, compared to the baseline condition
# i.e., it deals with impact identification, impact evaluation & impact prediction
# Impact can be both positive & negative
# Impact of the proposed project on the quality of air, water, land, forests, natural
ecosystems as well as on the socio-economic conditions is analysed & evaluated
# Impact of an industrial project are done at the construction & operation stages
Purpose of conducting an EIA
# is to clearly identify & understand (assess) & then prevent or minimize (mitigate) the adverse
impacts of the planned project on the environment & people

11. Mitigation
# This step recommends the actions
needed to reduce, redesign & avoid
adverse environmental consequences of
developmental project for impact
management
# i.e., to establish measures to prevent,
reduce or compensate for impacts

12. The EIA report is a compilation of several
important project components including the
project discription, the assessment of it's
environmental and social impacts, mitigation
measures and related management and
monitoring plans.
Reporting

13. Report submitted in the form of
●EIS
●EMP
Reporting

14. ● The report must be informative,
truthful and unbiased.
● All sources of information and
methodologies adopted for Impact
prediction should be mentioned.

15. Reviewing
●This stage includes evolution of efficiency and
quality of the document, the stakeholders input
and the proposal accountability by the experts.
●Constructive suggestions

16. The review is carried out to confirm the
quality of the information and methods used
is EIA and to verify that the EIA report
addresses all the critical and cumulative
impact.

19. Decision Making
• The regulatory authority shall consider the
recommendations of EAC or SEAC concerned
and convey the decision to the applicant.
• It conveys its decision regarding the future
prospects of the proposed project to the applicant
within 45 days of the receipt of recommendation.
• The validity granted for environmental clearance
is 10 years for river valley project, 30 years for
mining project and 5 years for all other project.

20. Post Monitoring
• This step is effective only after the proposed
project is commissioned.
• It checks whether the concerned parties are
fulfilling all the obligations, complying with the legal
standards and implementing all the mitigation
measures outlined in the EIA reports.
•The duration of EC process based on 2006 EIA
notification is, Stage 1 : Screening
Stage 2: Scoping (60 days)
Stage 3: Public consultation (45 days)
Stage 4: Appraisal and EC granting ( 105 days)
Total :- 210 days

21. Guiding principles of EIA
Participation
Transparency
Security
Accountability
Credibility
Cost effectiveness
Flexibility
Practicability
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22. * EIA is a effective process used to foresee the environmenta
consequences of a policy , plan or project before
implementing them.
*It recommends crucial measures to reduce to the impacts
or to explore new technologies .
* EIA acts as early and ongoing review
process that protects the natural resources.
#LIMITATIONS#
# Time consuming and costly.
#Little public participation with lack of reliable data.
#compliance monitoring after EIA is seldom carried out.
overall significance

23. Thank You