This document summarizes a video session on environmental conventions by Amit Tiwari. It covers major international environmental conventions focused on issues like climate change, ozone layer protection, and nature conservation. The conventions aim to strengthen international cooperation on environmental protection and create universal environmental laws. Some key conventions discussed include the Ramsar Convention, Stockholm Declaration, Earth Summit, Stockholm Convention, Paris Agreement, and Kyoto Protocol. Burning issues addressed by the conventions include greenhouse gas emissions, pollution control, and sustainable development. Major organizations involved in environmental protection efforts include UNEP, IPCC, and national environment ministries and agencies.

1. A Video Session Series
By
Amit Tiwari
Assistant Professor
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management
Topics covered
Environmental Conventions

2. Topics covered
Environmental Conventions , Eco tourism , Responsible
Tourism, Voluntary Tourism , Community based Tourism,
Pro poor tourism
In Special recorded video Session By Amit Tiwari
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3. What are environmental
conventions
 Since environmental issues are International
subject therefore environmental protections is an
international agenda and to strengthen the
numerous conventions on the basic environmental
preservation and conservation these
environmental conventions been adopted by the
International community.
 ... The conventions focus on various issues, for
example climate change, stratospheric ozone
layer protection, air quality, chemicals and nature
conservation. The conventions are tools for
promoting cooperation and the development of
international environmental law and actions
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4. Why these major international
conventions for….
 These conventions are of great importance
A. Strengthening the ties for common environment
B. To create international cooperation and
understanding of environmental issues
C. To create universal laws for making environmental
protection
D. To convey the regional cooperation of
environmental studies
E. To Created sustainable develpement
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5. What all are the burning issues
 Emission of Green house gases
 Creation of more carbon dioxide globally
 Pollution control
 Sustainable development
 Creating preservation and conservation of
elements minerals , plants , wildlife , animals ,
water , soil ,ocean and habitat
 Practicing eco /responsible tourism practice
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6. Naming some of the important
conventions
 Ramsar Convention
 1971
 for the conservation
and sustainable
 utilization of
wetlands
 Known as Waterfowl
convention.
 · India is part of it.
 · There are currently
27 Ramsar sites
 · in India
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7. …..
 Stockholm
Declaration
 1972
 International
protection of the
environment
 UNEP was the result
of it
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8. ……
 Nairobi Declaration
 1982
 for achieving
sustainable
developments
 10th anniversary of
Stockholm)
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9.  Brundtland Report
 1987
 Sustainable
Development
 gave the concept of
"sustainable
development"
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10.  Earth Summit/
United Nations
Conference on
Environment and
Development
(UNCED)/ Rio
Declaration
 1992
 Environment
conservation &
Development
 It had 27 principles
 · Three legally
binding agreements
were opened for
signature: (i) CBD (ii)
UNFCC (iii) UNCCD
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11. ……
 Stockholm
Convention
 2001
 Eliminate or restrict
the production and
use of persistent
organic pollutants
 UN Treaty
 · US is not a party to this
treaty
 · Intergovernmental
Forum on Chemical
Safety (IFCS) and the
International Programme
for Chemical Safety
 (IPCS) prepared a list,
known as the Dirty
Dozen.
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12. ……
 Rio+20
 2012
 Conference on
Sustainable
Development
 20th Anniversary of
Rio Earth Summit
1992
 It is the series of
earth summits
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13. Paris Agreement (COP 21)
 2015
 Climate Change
 It will come into force by 2020.
 · Not legally binding.
 Aims
 • This century, global temperature rises well below
2 degrees Celsius above circa-industrial level.
 • Pursue efforts to limit the temperature upsurge
even further to 5 degrees Celsius.
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14. ……
 Indian NDCs
· Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP- by 33
to 35 per cent below 2005 levels by the year 2030.
· By 2030, 40 percent of its energy would be
generated from non-fossil fuels.
· Increase its forest cover to create an additional
carbon sink equivalent to 2.5 to 3 billion tons of
carbon dioxide by 2030.
 Note: Recently the US has withdrawn from it.
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15. Important Terms
 Pre-industrialtime:Referstoperiodbeforeyear1750.
 •Green House Gases(GHGs):Water
vapor(H2O),CO2, methane(CH4),Nitrous
oxide(N2O),Ozone(O3),Chloro
fluorocarbons(CFCs)
 •Signatory: A party (country) that sign a legally
binding document at any treaty, convention,
conference, etc.
 •Ratification: Official adoption of any treaty,
agreement, etc. signed by a party(country)by its
parliament/law making body by voting and
securing a majority.
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16. Various Environmental Organizations
 INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS:
 •United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
 •IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) [1988]
 •World Bank
 •International Energy Agency (IEA)
 •Earth System Governance Project [2009]
 •Global Environment Facility[1991]
 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION:
 •Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change.
 •Central/State Pollution Control Boards/Agencies.
 NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION (NGO) :
 •International (e.g. Green Peace, WWF)
 •Country Specific (e.g. CSE)
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17. UN CONFERENCES & PROTOCOLS ON
ENVIRONMENT , SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,
CLIMATE CHANGE
 UN Conference on Human Environment,
Stockholm (1972)
(Effect of Environmental degradation on Quality of
Human Life)
 Vienna Convention (1985)
(Protection of Ozone Layer)
 Montreal Protocol (1989)
(Total Elimination of Ozone Depleting Substances)
 Basal Convention (1989)
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18. ……….
(Control of Trans-boundary Movements of
Hazardous waste)
 Geneva Convention (1990)
(Technology and financial help to Developing
Countries)
 UN Convention on Climate Change, New York
(1992)
Economic Development and Environmental
Protection
 Bio-diversity Convention, Nairobi (1992)
(Preservation of Earth’s Bio-diversity)
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19. *Kyoto protocol
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20. Kyoto Protocol (1997)
 Brown = Countries that have
signed and ratified the
treaty(Annex I & II countries
in dark brown)
 Blue = No intention to ratify
at this stage.
 Dark blue = Canada, which
withdrew from the Protocol
in December 2011.
 Grey = no position taken or
position unknown
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21. Thanks
Do watch this ppt based session on
youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9
Ls8LmNqjh0&t=55s
do learn
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