The document provides information on horticulture in India. It discusses that horticulture production in India was 314.87 million MT from 25.6 million ha in 2019. It is a dynamic sector that contributes 30.4% to India's agricultural GDP and India is the largest producer of many fruits. It also lists potential areas in the horticulture sector such as value addition, processing, exports, protected cultivation, organic farming, and kitchen gardening. The document then discusses various techniques for value addition in horticulture such as shrink wrapping, waxing, dehydration, and minimally processed products. It provides examples of machinery used for horticultural processing. Overall, the document outlines the size and growth of h

1. DARSHAN M. KADAM
Scientist (Fruit Science)
darshankadamhort@gmail.com
Division of Plant Science
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water
Conservation, Dehradun

2. What is Horticulture
“Cultivation, processing and utilization of fruits, vegetables,
flowers, plantation, nuts, medicinal and aromatic crops, spices
and condiments and mushroom.”

3. Golden Revolution in Horticulture
Horticulture production 314.87 million MT from 25.6
million ha area (NHB, 2019)
Huge export potential
Climate resilient crops
Ensure nutritional and financial security
Horticulture based crop diversification
Excellent entrepreneurship opportunities
Increasingly higher requirement of researchers and skilled
persons

4. Horticulture: Dynamic sector
Contribution to GDP- 30.4 per cent to GDP of Agriculture
Largest producer of mango, banana, coconut, cashew, papaya,
pomegranate etc.
Largest producer and exporter of spices
Ranks first in productivity of grapes, banana, cassava, peas,
papaya etc.
Export growth of fresh fruits and vegetables in term of value is
14% and of processed fruits and vegetables is 16.27%

5. 1. High value, low volume crops
2. Mostly perishable (limited shelf life)- PHT losses 4.58-15.88%
3. Rich source of Vitamins, Minerals and Antioxidants (Protective food)
4. High export demand
5. Aesthetic and beautification
6. Diverse consumers- Metro elites to village people
7. Suitable for Degraded lands
8. Climate resilient
9. Technology demanding and requires skilled workforce
10. Input intensive
11. Suited for small to big land holders
Features of Horticultural Crops

6. 1. Quality Planting Material Production
2. Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and nutraceutical sector
3. Value addition and processing
4. Export Sector
5. Direct marketing (Bridging gaps between farmers and
consumers)
6. Protected cultivation
7. Hydroponics, aquaponics, vertical farming
8. Consultancy firm
9. Organic farming
10. Terrace/rooftop/balcony/kitchen gardening
Potential areas in horticulture sector

7. 11. Indoor decoration and gardening
12. Lawn management, turf grass industry
13. Horticulture Tourism
14. Horticulture Therapy
15. Horticulture training institutes/ capacity building
16. Bio-stimulants
17. Mushroom production and marketing
18. Spices and condiments marketing and product development
19. Supply chain management (warehouse, grading, packaging)
20. Artificial intelligence
21. Drones, sensors for precision farming
Potential areas in horticulture sector

8. • Planting material, its type and quality are of paramount importance in any
horticultural activity
• Inadequate availability of QPM (important deterring factors in development of
a sound horticulture industry)
• At present only 30-40% demand for planting material is being meet by the
existing infrastructure
• Farmers do not have access to certified disease free material (as a result of
which production; productivity and quality of the produce suffers)
• Much of the dependence is on the unregulated and unmonitored private sector
in most of the states
• Hi-Tech Nursery establishment, Tissue culture units, vegetable seed production
are key areas
Healthy Planting Material = Profitable Crop
Quality planting material

9. Horticulture Nursery Sector
• Outstanding - ✹✹✹✹✹
• Excellent - ✹✹✹✹
• Very Good - ✹✹✹
• Good - ✹✹
• Satisfactory - ✹

10. Schemes for establishing nursery
NHB Assistance in securing availability of quality planting material by
promoting setting up of scion and root stock banks / mother plant nurseries
and carrying out accreditation.
Target-
 Setting up of mother plant and root stock nursery
 Acquisition of technologies including import of planting material from
other countries
Pattern of assistance-
Project based – 100% and only through Govt. agency/Public Sector @
Rs.100.00 Lakh/ha for effective nursery area including virus indexing, tissue
culture lab etc.
For setting up of a new tissue culture lab there is a provision for back-ended
capital subsidy upto Rs. 25 lakh per project
DBT has supported 150 projects so far for development of micropropagation
related protocols for about 50 plant species

11. Dietary supplement industry
(Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and nutraceuticals)
Emerging problems: Rapid urbanisation, faulty life style, health issues- diseases
and disorders, malnutrition
Opportunities- Growing awareness about health, emerging neo-middle class,
higher purchasing capacity
“Dietary supplement is a concentration of essential nutrients that are either
extracted from food sources or artificially synthesised”
Major function of dietary supplement is to fulfil the nutritional requirement of
human body and is usually consumed in the form of tablets, capsule or liquid
The global dietary supplement market size was estimated at USD 123.28 USD
Billion in 2019 and is projected to expand at CAGR of 8.2%
The Indian dietary supply market grew at CAGR of 16% during 2013-18

12. Fruits and vegetables source table
Vitamins/m
inerals
Fruit
C Aonla, Guava, Sweet orange, mandarin, kagzi lime
A Mango, Papaya, Apricot, carrot, spinach, pumpkin, passion
fruit, tomato
E Passion fruit, Sea buckthorn
B complex Chilli, peas, broad beans, tomato, banana, grape, bael, okra
Protein Cashewnut, Almond, walnut, pecannnut, peas, cowpea,
drumstick
Fe Karonda, date, jamun, leafy vegetables
K Banana
Ca Curry leaf, drumstick, spinach, custard apple, leafy
vegetables
Calories Banana, date, tapioca, sweet potato, potato, yam, colocosia,
onion, yam, jackfruit
Lycopene Tomato, grapefruit

13. Miracle tree vegetable-Moringa

14. Bio-fortified varieties
Pusa Asita

15. “Functional food, are foods including whole foods and fortified,
enriched, or enhanced foods or dietary components that may
reduce the risk of chronic disease and provide a health and
physiological benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains”
Natural coloured breads: Novel purple and orange breads have been developed
as functional food using natural colours from capsicum and black carrot
Functional Food

16. Value addition
“Adding value to a raw product by taking it into, at
least, the next stage of production”
What creates added value?
Quality: Does the meet/exceed customer’s expectation?
Functionality: Does it provide needed function?
Form: Useful form?
Place: Is it in the right place?
Time: Is it in right time?
Ease of possession: Is it easy for customers to obtain?

17.  Processing, grading, branding, GI, GAPs, Quality
improvement
Geographical indication (GI) is a name or sign used on certain
products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or
origin (e.g. a town, region, or country).
Ways of value addition

18. • Pomegranate, Capsicum, Sweet orange, Apple, kiwi etc.
• Shelf life increase (3-4 weeks at room temp)
• Less than 2% weight loss
• Cost 0.80-1 rupees per kg of fruit
• Cryovac (9 µ), LDPE (25 µ), Polyolefin (13 µ)
• User friendly, suitable for marginal farmers and/or
entrepreneurs
Shrink wrapping technology

19. Select healthy fruits of
equal size
Wash fruits and air dry
them under ceiling fan
Seal fruit loosely in Cryovac
heat shrinkable film with
impulse sealer
Pack fruit in desirable
container for storage or
marketing
Pass fruit in a machine
maintained at 120 degree C
for 10-15 seconds
Cooling (2-3 hrs) at 5-10
degree C before storage
ProcedureProcedure of shrink wrapping

20. • The wax emulsion is diluted with cold water and
used for dipping fruits and vegetables
• Enhances the shelf life, protects fruit from fungal
attack, and reduces desiccation and weight loss
• Simple and economical
• Various fruits like oranges, vegetables and spices
like ginger can be waxed
Waxing of fruits and vegetables

21. Controlled dehydration of vegetables
consists of grading/sorting, washing,
peeling/ trimming, size reduction,
blanching, chemical treatment,
dehydration and packing unit
Cabbage, cauliflower, mushroom, carrot,
roselle, potato, tapioca, sweet potato,
chillies, onion, ginger, garlic, turmeric etc.
are good for drying
Dehydrated vegetables and spices

22. • Novel approach towards dehydration
• Osmo-air dehydrated product is near to the
fresh fruit in terms of colour, flavour and
texture
• Products like slices of pineapple, jackfruit
and bitter gourd, cauliflower carrot etc.
processed
• Osmotic diffusion treatments with agent
like sugars and salt (5-10%) at 40-60 ºC for
2-3 hrs used
• Finally air dried to about 15% moisture
Osmo-air dried fruits/vegetables

23. • Meets the consumers’ demand for more fresh,
natural, and convenient foods
• Reduce drudgery of kitchen
• Preservative used- Sodium hypochorite, hydrogen
peroxide and citric acid
Pineapple slices, cubes etc.
Jackfruit pieces
Cucumber slices
Carrot discs
Garlic cloves
Orange segments
Minimally processed products

24. Capacity : 100 kg/h
Cost : 2.0 lakhs (3030 US$)
Minimally processed products

25. • Easy to cook leafy vegetables
• Instant bottle gourd kheer mix
Ready to Eat convenience vegetables

26. On-farm harvesting and grading tools for fruits

27. Makhana popping and decortication machine
Mechanized pomegranate aril extraction machineHand tool for Banana comb Cutter
Litchi Peeling machineCustard Apple Pulp Extractor
Machines for
Horticultural Crops
Processing
Bael/ Wood apple pulper
Compact fruit grader for
oblong and round fruit
Ber Fruit Grader

28. GARLIC BULB BREAKER GARLIC PEELERGARLIC FLAKING MACHINE
Capacity : 50 kg/h
Cost : 5.0 lakhs (7575 US$)
Garlic processing

29. Creating Wealth from horticulture waste

30. Horticulture Tourism
Agro-tourism, Farm-tourism, Rural-tourism, Eco-tourism
Horti-tourism: “Act of visiting working horticulture farm for the entertainment,
learning, amusement or the active participation in farm activities”
Basic principles of horti-tourism
Something to see: Theme villages (strawberry village, mango village, organic
village, spices garden etc.)
Something to do: Participation in farm operation (pick your own-cook your
own), learning skills of kitchen gardening, organic farming.
Something to buy: Homemade processed products and value added products
saplings of fruits, properly picked fresh farm produce etc.

31. Products of Horti-tourism
Products of horti-tourism
Spice garden, herbal garden, theme park, bee keeping, biodiversity park,
watershed farming model, floriculture farm, vermi-compost unit,
horticultural nursery, fruit processing unit, kitchen garden, educational tours
for school children, certificate courses and short term training programmes,
fruit festivals, organic horticulture cultivation, green house farming,
miniature village, wineries, home stay in farm, farm safari, exotic fruits and
vegetables etc.
Mango Tourism: Konkan Alphanso mango (Maharashtra Tourism
Development Corporations)
Spice Tourism: Kerala

32. Successful Mango Tourism Ventures
Venture Location Special features
Ganesh Agro Tourism Nate, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra
Alphonso- variety, value added
products, traditional food, learning
opportunity, home stay.
Oceano Pearl Ganshgule, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra
Coconut and mango plantation,
different mango dishes, mango
picking.
Dwarka Farm Stay Sawantwadi, Sindhudurg,
Maharashtra
Organic mango cultivation,
Alphonso mango, Coconuts,
cashews, bananas and pineapples.
Mango Meadow Agricultural
Pleasure Land
Kaduthuruthi, Kottayam,
Kerala
Organic cultivation, mango fruit
nursery, herbal garden.

33. Horticulture Therapy
“The use of plant by trained professionals as a medically prescribed
procedure through which certain clinically defined goals of client may
be met.”

34. Horticulture Therapy
 Emerging profession in India
 Time proven technique- Therapeutic benefits of peaceful garden
environment have been understood since ancient times.
 Dr. Benjamin Rush- Father of American Psychiatry
 In USA well adopted techniques
 Target customers- War veterans, children with cognitive
dysfunction and other psychological issues, depressed peoples etc.

35. Bio-stimulants for horticultural crops
Global Bio-stimulant Market is expected to reach USD 4.47 Billion by 2025
Growing at CAGR of 13.4%

36. Export potential of Horticulture
 India's share in world horticulture trade is relatively low
 Sharp increase in recent years
 Export-Mango pulp, fresh grapes, fresh onions, fresh mango,
grape, cucumber and gherkins, fresh fruits and vegetables,
walnuts etc.
 Import- Temperate fruits, exotic fruits and vegetables, nuts etc.
 Most export to the neighboring nations (Narrow base)
 Challenges- Strict Quality standard, GAP certification, Non GM,
Carbon credit

37. GAP (Good agriculture Practices)

38. Components of GAP

39. Pusa Arunima
Pusa Lalima
Pusa ShreshthPusa Pratibha
Export purpose mango varieties

40. Jamun
(Syzygium cuminii)
Wood Apple
(Feronia limonia)
Khirnee
(Manilkara hexandra)
Tamarind
(Tamarindus indica)
Mahua
(Bassia latifolia )
Karonda
(Carissa carandas )
Chironji (Buchanania lanzan )
Potential of Underutilised Fruit Crops

41. Kitchen gardening/rooftop garden

42. Kitchen gardening opportunities
 Capacity building of metro families (Women)
 Consultancy service
 Planting material and seed packs marketing
 Customized models
 Organic products
 Compost/ FYM/pesticides
 Magazine

43. Hydroponics, Aquaponics

44. Key characteristics of different hydroponics system

45. Vertical gardening

46. Indoor gardening

47. Lawn/Turf Management

48. Bonsai

49. Way Ahead………………..

50. ICAR institutes established Incubation Centers
 How to establish startups
 Promote novel ideas
 Validation and refinement/improvement of idea
 IP protection
 Marketing
 Brand
 Training for skills
 Case studies and successful Agribusiness ventures
 Company Formation and regulatory compliances
 Guidance from expert ICAR Scientist
 Licensing of ICAR products/varieties etc.
Favourable Government Policies for Start-ups

51. List of ICAR Horticultural Institutes
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune
ICAR-National Research Centre for Litchi, Muzaffarpur
ICAR-National Research Centre for Pomegranate, Solapur
ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut
ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi
ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur
ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand
ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra
ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar
ICAR-Central Institute on Post harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla

52. Pusa Krishi incubation centre

53. ICAR-NAARM Incubation a-IDEA (Association for Innovation
Development of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture)
 Aims to help entrepreneurs idea, incubate and accelerate their
innovative early-stage startups that are scalable to become
competitive food and agri-business ventures through capacity
building, mentoring, networking and advisory support.
 Is a unique platform for scale-up stage innovators, entrepreneurs and
startups.
 Showcase their innovations and to receive valuable inputs from mentors,
incubators, R&D institutions, agribusiness industry and investors.
 Assist in getting funding

54. IIHR Technologies
Arka Virus Kit: tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus (ToLCBV) LAMP detection kit
Arka Herbiwash
Arka Nutri Grow: A Liquid Nutrient Formulation for Soilless Vegetable Production
Arka Haagalarasa: Ready -to-serve (RTS) Bitter gourd Juice
Arka Avocado chutney
Arka Avocado Spread
Probiotic RTS Mango Beverage
Probiotic Pomegranate Juice
Pomegranate Aril Extractor
Solar Power Operated Tricycle Cart for vending Ready to Harvest Fresh Mushroom
Solar Power Operated Trycycle Cart for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Vending
ARKA JACKIES
ARKA JACHOLATE
ARKA HALASURAS
Arka vertical garden structure
Solar Power Integrated Outdoor Mushroom Growing Unit
Arka Mushroom chutney powders
Power operated Onion detopper

55. 1. Self SWOT analysis
2. English Proficiency
3. Acquiring Higher Education- MANAGE, NAARM, IRMA, IIMs
4. Developing skills- coding, app development, presentation skills, software
etc.
5. Technology Savvy
6. Leadership skills
7. Management skills
8. Partnership and team management
9. Broad and Futuristic vision
10. Ability to take risk (Calculated)
11. Innovativeness
Qualities to become entrepreneur

56. Challenges & Opportunities in Covid-19 pandemics
Challenges
Disrupted supply chain
Marketing
Low demand
Hygiene issue
Perception issues
Psychological issues
Opportunities
Farm to Fork marketing
Home delivery
Immune boosting fruits and
vegetables
Indoor gardening
Kitchen gardening
Online Marketing
High demand of medicinal
crops

57. Thank You All