1) The document discusses post-harvest handling and technology, which involves managing crops from harvest to consumption. It aims to reduce losses and maintain quality. 2) Significant losses of fruits and vegetables occur worldwide due to improper handling, ranging from 10-50% depending on the region. The Philippines sees 28-42% losses amounting to 29 metric tons of lost protein annually. 3) Proper post-harvest handling and technology is important as it can increase food supply more effectively than increasing production. It prevents waste and reduces risks compared to boosting yields.

1. POST HARVEST
HANDLING AND SEED
TECHNOLOGY 3
(CROP SCIENCE 3)
Plant Science Department
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Central Bicol State University of Agriculture
LIZA LYN A. VILLANO
Instructor

2. LECTURE 1. INTRODUCTION
TOPICS:
1. Relationship of the field study under
post production
2. Extent of losses in fruits and
vegetables
3. Importance of proper post Harvest
Handling and post harvest technology

3. OBJECTIVES
✓ Determine the relationship of field study
under post production
✓ Identify the extent of losses due to
improper post harvest handling
✓ Determine the importance and benefits
of applying proper postharvest handling
and technology

4. Relationship of the field study under post production
POST PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY/SCIENCE
Product Handling from harvest to Final Consumer
Primary Processing
Durables
Grain
Grain Legume
Peanuts
Perishables
Fruits Vegetables
Ornamentals
Young Coconut
Medecinal Used
In fresh in Form
Perishable staples
(cassava and Yam)
Industrial
Processing

5. DEFINITION OF TERMS
POST PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY- refers to
the handling of food from harvest to possession
of the final consumer
PRIMARY PROCESSING- product handling
which encompasses steps to make a harvested
commodity more suitable for manufacture or
consumer
POST HARVEST HANDLING-specific term used
for movement of commodities and through
which a commodityundergo from harvest to
possession of the final consumer, includes the
technological aspects of marketing and
distribution

6. What is the difference of postharvest
handling to postharvest technology?
Post-harvest technology is concerned with the
study and application of methods to maintain
the quality of harvested commodities to
prevent losses
Post-harvest technology is the application of
technology to the post-harvest handling and
storage of agricultural produce

7. …DEFINITION OF TERMS
PERISHABLES- food crop which food value is
maintained over a short period of time. These
includes fruits , vegetables ornamentals,
medicinal plants use in fresh form, and some
staple such as sweet potato, cassava and yam

8. …DEFINITION OF TERMS
DURABLES- food crops which can be
maintained over a long period of time
relative to perishables, includes grains,
grain legumes and peanut
Mungbean Peanut
Soybean

9. …DEFINITION OF TERMS
LOSS- decrease in the quantity and quality of
a crop for human consumption
QUANTITATIVE LOSS- loss in terms of number
weight or volume
QUALITATIVE LOSS-loss in terms of whole
sameness value, appearance, taste or
texture making food less desirable leading to
a lower price

10. Extent of losses in fruits and vegetables
Post harvest losses , both quantitative and qualitative losses, of
food commodities represent very significant bust mostly
available waste of production output in developing countries
like the Philippines
REGION/COUNTRY REPORT % LOSS
ASIA/FAR EAST (20-40%)
Philippines 28-42
Malaysia 20
India 20-30
Indonesia 23-28
Thailand 23-28
Sri-Lanka 20-40

13. REGION/COUNTRY REPORT % LOSS
MIDDLE EAST 10-40
EGYPT 25-40
JORDAN 10
IRAN 14-28
AFRICA 5-50
Rwanda 10-40
Sudan 50
Ghana 30-35
Nigeria 10-50
LATIN AMERICA 10-40
Boilivia 17-30
Brazil 10-40
Chile 30
Dominican republic 25
The amount of fruits
and vegetables lost is
equivalent to 29
metric tons of protein
for 1.3 M Filipinos
(Pantastico 1987)

24. Importance of Proper Post Harvest
Handling
1. Additional or complementary method of increasing
the amount of food available for consumption.
The usual methods of increasing the amount of food:
a. Increase yield by improved production
practices
- Extensive capital is needed to develop
new technology. As yield increase, it
needs more nad more inputs to further
increase in yield.

25. b. Increase area of production
Land for agriculture is getting scarcer and
marginal lands are costly to develop
Importance of Proper Post Harvest
Handling

26. Advantages of Proper Post Harvest
Handling
1. More food supply with 10% improvement in post harvest
handling compare to 10% increase in yield with no
decrease in percentage food loss
2. Preventing loss is cheaper than producing more or the
same quantity and quality
3. Improved handling practices is less risky than improving
the yield by the addition of inputs

27. 4. Energy used to produce and market food that is
eventually lost could be
5. More rapid in producing desired results than increasing
production
An improvement in handling practice results in
maintenance of quality can be seen in a day to week
whereas an improvement in the cultural practice resulting in
maintenance of quality can result in increased yield in 1-4
months time
6. Garbage disposal and pollution will be less of problem

28. What is Post-harvest
Technology?
 Post-harvest technology is the application of scientific
and engineering principles to the handling, storage,
packaging, distribution, and sale of agricultural produce
after it has been harvested. Post-harvest technology is
used to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of
food. It also helps to reduce wastage and improve food
safety.
 Post harvest technology is a set of handling practices
and applications that protect the quality of fresh fruits
and vegetables from harvest until the time of
consumption.
 Post-harvest technology is concerned with the study and
application of methods to maintain the quality of
harvested commodities to prevent losses.

29. Importance of post-harvest
technology
• Post-harvest technology is the application of
technology to the post-harvest handling and
storage of agricultural produce.
• Post-harvest technology can improve the quality
and shelf life of agricultural products.
• Post-harvest technology can help to reduce the
wastage of agricultural produce.
• Post-harvest technology can help to improve the
economics of agriculture.
• Post-harvest technology is an important tool in the
fight against hunger and malnutrition.

30. Objectives of Post harvest technology
1. To reduce loss in quantity or volume and the product’s
qualitative or nutritional value.
2. To maintain the excellent quality of the produce (color,
taste, flavor, aroma).
3. To increases the shelf life of the crops.
4. To keep the fruits or vegetables or commodities free from
insects and pests.
5. To get vegetables and fruits fresh all year round.

36. Assignment
1. Research on the updates and status of post-harvest losses
in Philippines and Worldwide.
2. Determine the percentage losses for cereals, fruits and
vegetables due to improper handling
3. What is the total monetary value of these losses?

37. REFERENCES
Compiled Lecture on Post Harvest Handling and Seed
Technology
http://www.slideshare.net/KarlLouisseObispo/lecture-3-fruits-
and-vegetables-harvesting?qid=d3ae608c-ea4a-4952-a140-
dcede0f6ce07&v=&b=&from_search=6