Now- a days the increased use of power electronic devices has resulted in power quality problems such as voltage sag, swell, harmonics and voltage flicker. Non-linear loads affect system power quality. PV systems are grid connected via an interfacing converter. Single phase shunt active power filter (APF) can be used to develop the power quality in terms of current harmonic mitigation and reactive power compensation. In this paper a PV interfacing inverter which acts as a shunt an APF is controlled using predictive current control (PCC) technique for current harmonics mitigation. The MATLAB Simulink model is used to study the performance of system.
This document examines using a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for reactive power compensation in Nigeria's electricity grid. It develops power flow equations to model the grid's 28-bus, 330kV system with and without STATCOM. Simulations using MATLAB show that with STATCOM, voltage magnitudes at 5 buses rise to within limits of 0.95-1.05 p.u. and total system power loss reduces by 5.88% from 98.21MW to 92.44MW. The results indicate STATCOM can stabilize voltages and reduce losses in the Nigeria grid.
A New Simulation Modeling for Nonlinear Current Control in Single Phase Grid ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new simulation model for nonlinear current control in a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. It uses partial feedback linearization techniques to control the current injected into the grid in order to maximize the power delivered to loads. The model calculates a nonlinear reference input current using a Lyapunov function to provide stability against internal dynamic changes in the PV system. The performance of the model is tested through simulations under varying atmospheric conditions and compared to traditional controllers. The proposed nonlinear current control scheme provides rapid response and stability under different conditions.
Power Quality Improvement in Off-Grid Renewable Energy Based Power System usi...ijtsrd
This document discusses power quality improvement in off-grid renewable energy-based power systems using different control methods. It begins by introducing challenges in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into off-grid power systems. It then classifies power quality improvement strategies into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Each control level aims to ensure reliable operation of the off-grid power system. The document also reviews various control strategies and trends for off-grid power systems.
IRJET- Hybrid Smart Grid Connected Photovoltaic and Fuel SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed hybrid microgrid system that utilizes photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and fuel cells to provide power to individual homes within a community. Each home would be equipped with more PV panels than needed for normal operation, so excess power could be shared within the microgrid. This would allow the community to make use of surplus renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted. The hybrid system is intended to provide reliable power through the intermittent PV output by incorporating batteries and fuel cells as backup sources. A literature review examines previous research on hybrid renewable energy systems, microgrids, and strategies for optimizing power generation and load balancing.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Grid Integrated Single Phase PV with Shunt Active Filter based Control...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for grid integration of a single-phase photovoltaic (PV) system with a shunt active filter for distributed systems. The system uses a shunt active filter to reduce harmonics produced when the DC power from the PV array is converted to AC power by an inverter before being fed into the grid. Simulation results show the output voltage of the integrated system with the shunt active filter, demonstrating harmonic reduction compared to existing systems without active filtering.
Power System Reliability Assessment in a Complex Restructured Power SystemIJECEIAES
The basic purpose of an electric power system is to supply its consumers with electric energy as parsimoniously as possible and with a sensible degree of continuity and quality. It is expected that the solicitation of power system reliability assessment in bulk power systems will continue to increase in the future especially in the newly deregulated power diligence. This paper presents the research conducted on the three areas of incorporating multi-state generating unit models, evaluating system performance indices and identifying transmission paucities in complex system adequacy assessment. The incentives for electricity market participants to endow in new generation and transmission facilities are highly influenced by the market risk in a complex restructured environment. This paper also presents a procedure to identify transmission deficiencies and remedial modification in the composite generation and transmission system and focused on the application of probabilistic techniques in composite system adequacy assessment
IRJET- Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources for DC MicrogridIRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization of renewable energy sources for DC microgrids. It proposes integrating wind and solar energy generation with battery storage in a microgrid connected to buildings. This hybrid system improves reliability by reducing storage needs when the generation sources have opposing output cycles. The document models and simulates such a system, showing the wind and solar outputs, storage controller, and grid connection. Integrating distributed renewable sources with storage in microgrids helps stabilize grids with intermittent generation and maximize use of transmission infrastructure.
This document examines using a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for reactive power compensation in Nigeria's electricity grid. It develops power flow equations to model the grid's 28-bus, 330kV system with and without STATCOM. Simulations using MATLAB show that with STATCOM, voltage magnitudes at 5 buses rise to within limits of 0.95-1.05 p.u. and total system power loss reduces by 5.88% from 98.21MW to 92.44MW. The results indicate STATCOM can stabilize voltages and reduce losses in the Nigeria grid.
A New Simulation Modeling for Nonlinear Current Control in Single Phase Grid ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new simulation model for nonlinear current control in a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. It uses partial feedback linearization techniques to control the current injected into the grid in order to maximize the power delivered to loads. The model calculates a nonlinear reference input current using a Lyapunov function to provide stability against internal dynamic changes in the PV system. The performance of the model is tested through simulations under varying atmospheric conditions and compared to traditional controllers. The proposed nonlinear current control scheme provides rapid response and stability under different conditions.
Power Quality Improvement in Off-Grid Renewable Energy Based Power System usi...ijtsrd
This document discusses power quality improvement in off-grid renewable energy-based power systems using different control methods. It begins by introducing challenges in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into off-grid power systems. It then classifies power quality improvement strategies into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Each control level aims to ensure reliable operation of the off-grid power system. The document also reviews various control strategies and trends for off-grid power systems.
IRJET- Hybrid Smart Grid Connected Photovoltaic and Fuel SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed hybrid microgrid system that utilizes photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and fuel cells to provide power to individual homes within a community. Each home would be equipped with more PV panels than needed for normal operation, so excess power could be shared within the microgrid. This would allow the community to make use of surplus renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted. The hybrid system is intended to provide reliable power through the intermittent PV output by incorporating batteries and fuel cells as backup sources. A literature review examines previous research on hybrid renewable energy systems, microgrids, and strategies for optimizing power generation and load balancing.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Grid Integrated Single Phase PV with Shunt Active Filter based Control...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for grid integration of a single-phase photovoltaic (PV) system with a shunt active filter for distributed systems. The system uses a shunt active filter to reduce harmonics produced when the DC power from the PV array is converted to AC power by an inverter before being fed into the grid. Simulation results show the output voltage of the integrated system with the shunt active filter, demonstrating harmonic reduction compared to existing systems without active filtering.
Power System Reliability Assessment in a Complex Restructured Power SystemIJECEIAES
The basic purpose of an electric power system is to supply its consumers with electric energy as parsimoniously as possible and with a sensible degree of continuity and quality. It is expected that the solicitation of power system reliability assessment in bulk power systems will continue to increase in the future especially in the newly deregulated power diligence. This paper presents the research conducted on the three areas of incorporating multi-state generating unit models, evaluating system performance indices and identifying transmission paucities in complex system adequacy assessment. The incentives for electricity market participants to endow in new generation and transmission facilities are highly influenced by the market risk in a complex restructured environment. This paper also presents a procedure to identify transmission deficiencies and remedial modification in the composite generation and transmission system and focused on the application of probabilistic techniques in composite system adequacy assessment
IRJET- Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources for DC MicrogridIRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization of renewable energy sources for DC microgrids. It proposes integrating wind and solar energy generation with battery storage in a microgrid connected to buildings. This hybrid system improves reliability by reducing storage needs when the generation sources have opposing output cycles. The document models and simulates such a system, showing the wind and solar outputs, storage controller, and grid connection. Integrating distributed renewable sources with storage in microgrids helps stabilize grids with intermittent generation and maximize use of transmission infrastructure.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET - The Power Quality Improvement with Harmonic Reduction and Stabilizing...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for improving power quality in electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems. It focuses on reducing harmonic distortion from power electronics equipment. The paper proposes a control strategy for grid-interfacing inverters in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems to achieve power quality benefits. Simulation and experimental results show the approach reduces total harmonic distortion in the grid current by compensating for load harmonics, unbalance, and neutral current. The inverters can effectively utilize power from renewable energy sources to meet lagging demand while improving power quality on the distribution grid.
Implementation of Energy Management System to PV-Diesel Hybrid Power Generati...paperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of this proposed system is to provide Uninterruptible Power Supply to the load. This proposed system mainly deals with the Energy Management of the DC microgrid System. The Power sources employed in the proposed system composed of PV, and Diesel power generation system. The storage system consists of the batteries, and has the EB system acts as a standby system, which delivers power only during the power failure conditions. The RS 485 and ZigBee communication protocol, employed in the communication purposes. The Energy Management System (EMS) incorporates the fuzzy control manages the State of Charge (SoC) of the battery.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm to design Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) damping controllers. The goal is to damp low frequency oscillations in power systems. The paper models a single-machine infinite-bus power system installed with a UPFC. It linearizes the system equations and formulates the controller design as an optimization problem to minimize oscillations. Simulation results comparing the proposed RCGA approach to conventional tuning are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness in damping power system oscillations.
IRJET- Review of Power Quality Problem Improvement by Integration of Solar PV...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that reviews improving power quality in a grid-connected distributed generation system integrating a DFIG wind farm and solar PV panels with a UPQC device. The UPQC mitigates both voltage sags and current harmonics on the source and load sides. Simulation results show the THD is reduced when the UPQC is included and further reduced by adding a solar PV array to the UPQC DC link. The complete system is modeled and analyzed in MATLAB to evaluate the performance and power quality enhancement provided by the UPQC with and without integrated solar power.
IRJET- Analysis of Load Frequency Control for a Distributed Grid System Invol...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes load frequency control for a distributed grid system involving wind, hydro, and thermal power plants using conventional and fuzzy logic controllers. It models a three-area system with area 1 containing a thermal plant, area 2 containing a hydro plant, and area 3 containing wind generation. It simulates the system responses to a 1% load disturbance in one area using each controller and compares the undershoot and settling time. The fuzzy logic controller provides better dynamic response with lower undershoot, overshoot, and faster settling time compared to the conventional PI controller. This shows fuzzy logic control is more effective at maintaining frequency stability in an interconnected power system with various generation sources.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement of Grid Connected Renewable System using...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on improving the power quality of a grid-connected renewable energy system using a STATCOM controller. The system includes photovoltaic cells and a wind turbine connected to the grid along with nonlinear loads. A STATCOM controller is proposed to reduce current harmonics and support reactive power. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under four cases: with STATCOM and renewable sources, with only STATCOM, with only wind, and without STATCOM or wind. Results show the STATCOM is effective at reducing total harmonic distortion of source current and voltage and improving power factor.
Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in grids. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient utilization of electric system. There are some drawbacks of FACTS devices. These drawbacks can be fulfilled by using new compound, scalable, light weighted and cost effective devices that are distributed-FACTS (D-FACTS). D-FACTS controllers are distributed version of conventional lumped FACTS controllers and their cost is low due to lower ratings of component and reliability also increases due to redundancy of devices. The Enhanced Power Flow Controller (EPFC) is a D-FACTS controller which is distributed version of thyristor controlled series controller. DPFC controllers are used in series at small distance gap at every 5-10 km distance with transmission line to control the power flow. This paper discusses extensive review of the DPFC controller and its application in modern power system era. Zeba Akram"A comprehensive review on D-FACTS devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11649.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11649/a-comprehensive-review-on-d-facts-devices/zeba-akram
Power-Quality Improvement Features In Grid Interconnection of Wind Energy Sou...AM Publications
The increased power demand, the depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the growth of the environmental pollution has led
the world to think seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to the
distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. A new control strategy for achieving maximum advantage from
these grid-interfacing inverters which are when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems is given in this paper. With the inverter
control, the inverter can be used as a multi-function device, which includes the function of: 1) power converter to inject power generated
from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. These functions of the inverter can be done either individually or simultaneously. The proposed inverter with the
control when connected, helps the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced
linear load to the grid. With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated here.
1. The document provides an introduction to wind energy in India and Madhya Pradesh, including the history and components of wind turbines.
2. It discusses the power sector reforms that began in Madhya Pradesh in the 1990s due to financial crises, which included separating generation, transmission, and distribution functions and encouraging private sector participation.
3. The key components of a horizontal axis wind turbine are described as the rotor, blades, nacelle, low and high speed shafts, gearbox, brake, generator, anemometer, and tower.
IRJET- Analysis of Demand Side Management of Distribution SystemsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes demand side management techniques in distribution systems using an IEEE 33 bus test system in DigSILent PowerFactory software. It implements different demand side management approaches like incorporating distributed energy sources, load shifting, and valley filling. The distributed energy sources used are distributed generators and batteries. Load shifting is done by shifting different percentages of load to off-peak hours. Valley filling is analyzed for different cases. The results of these demand side management techniques are compared to the base IEEE 33 bus system in terms of improvements to voltage profile and losses. The effectiveness of each technique is evaluated based on the losses.
IRJET- Power Quality Monitoring & Analysis using Smart Multi-Function MeterIRJET Journal
This document discusses power quality monitoring and analysis using a smart multi-function meter in a microgrid distribution network. It analyzes frequency and voltage variations, harmonic distortion, unbalanced voltages, and neutral currents at different load conditions. Several previous studies on power quality issues in microgrids are also summarized. The key findings are that power quality is more difficult to maintain in off-grid mode due to lack of inertia, and that renewable energy sources, nonlinear loads, and power electronics cause most disturbances. Smart meters can monitor power quality parameters in real-time and help improve energy management in microgrids.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Consideration of reactive energy in the tariff structureIAEME Publication
The document discusses considerations for including the cost of reactive energy in electricity tariffs. It proposes a framework to charge penalties to consumers that violate grid codes by drawing reactive power. The key points are:
1) Reactive power is important for grid stability but its value varies locally, so pricing should consider location.
2) A penalty tariff structure is proposed to charge consumers extra for reactive power drawn in violation of grid codes like unity power factor.
3) The cost of reactive energy would be estimated based on the existing tariff structure for active energy and demand charges, using the ratio of reactive demand to active demand costs. This allows distribution companies to recover costs for procuring reactive power.
Using Alternative Energy Sources Way to Intellectualization and Greater Energ...ijtsrd
The article is devoted to the development of energy saving measures in the power supplof industrial enterprises using non traditional energy sources. Rashid Zhalilov | Aslanova Gulnoz | Saidmurod Latipov "Using Alternative Energy Sources - Way to Intellectualization and Greater Energy Efficiency in Modern Industrial Enterprises" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38577.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38577/using-alternative-energy-sources--way-to-intellectualization-and-greater-energy-efficiency-in-modern-industrial-enterprises/rashid-zhalilov
Application of tvac pso for reactive power cost minimization in deregulated e...eSAT Journals
Abstract
For planning and proper operation of power system, optimization of reactive power is a must. The reactive power cost minimization aims at dispatching the reactive power in such a way that maximum real power is dispatched and minimum reactive power is utilized so that voltage is maintained at required level. The work presented in this paper discusses various loading conditions and the improvement after applying the optimization technique. It compares the reactive power cost both before and after optimally dispatching the reactive power and thereby ensuring the voltage stability of the power system. Optimal power dispatch is solved using Time Varying Acceleration Coefficient and Particle Swarm Optimization. Reactive support of the generators has two functions such as voltage control and real power delivery. It explains how the application of PSO helps in reactive power control and reduction in power losses.
Keywords: Ancillary services, Deregulated Electricity Market, Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch
The document compares the reliability of 2-level and 3-level inverter power conditioning systems for grid-connected photovoltaic applications. It finds that the 3-level system has a mean time between failures of 10 years, while the 2-level system is only 6 years. Over time, the 3-level system remains more reliable than the 2-level system. The investigation also determines that the boost converter component has a greater impact on system reliability than the inverter. Therefore, the 3-level power conditioning system is concluded to be the optimal choice for grid-connected photovoltaic applications.
Optimization Technique for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM Neural Ne...ijtsrd
This document reviews optimization techniques for power quality improvement using DSTATCOM with a neural network approach. It discusses how DSTATCOM and other custom power devices like DVR, UPQC can be used to improve power quality by mitigating issues like voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and reactive power. It also presents the configuration of a DSTATCOM system and a control algorithm using a backpropagation neural network to extract fundamental active and reactive power components and estimate harmonic currents for compensation under nonlinear loads. The proposed neural network control approach for DSTATCOM is aimed to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics, reactive power, and providing zero voltage regulation.
IRJET- A Grid-Control Scheme Connected to a Wind Energy System for Improving ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a STATCOM connected to a battery energy storage system to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system. Power quality issues like voltage variations, flicker, and harmonics are caused by the variable output of wind turbines. The proposed system connects a STATCOM and battery storage at the point of common coupling to mitigate these issues. A MATLAB/SIMULINK model is used to simulate the STATCOM control system. Simulation results show the system maintains unity power factor at the source, supports reactive power needs, and improves power quality standards according to IEC guidelines.
A Review on Improved Secondary Distribution Network for Power Quality in Grid...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes various techniques for improving power quality in grid integration of small-scale photovoltaic systems. It discusses PI-based reactive power control systems, flicker logistic control methods, automated filtering mechanisms, shunt active power filters, grid synchronization techniques, and integrated optimization-based AI techniques. For each method, it explores the benefits and limitations, and provides a comparative analysis of their effectiveness in addressing issues like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and flicker. The review also highlights future research directions and challenges in implementing these techniques to enhance power quality in grid integration of small-scale photovoltaic systems.
Power-Sharing of Parallel Inverters in Micro-Grids via Droop control and Virt...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two power-sharing control strategies - droop control and virtual impedance - for parallel inverters in microgrids. Droop control simulates the frequency-power characteristics of conventional power systems but has limitations like load-dependent voltage regulation. Virtual impedance modifies the output impedance of inverters to improve current sharing. The document analyzes these approaches and compares their performance in sharing power between parallel inverters through MATLAB simulations under different weather conditions. It finds that both techniques effectively share load power while improving system stability and response, with virtual impedance providing better voltage regulation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET - The Power Quality Improvement with Harmonic Reduction and Stabilizing...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for improving power quality in electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems. It focuses on reducing harmonic distortion from power electronics equipment. The paper proposes a control strategy for grid-interfacing inverters in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems to achieve power quality benefits. Simulation and experimental results show the approach reduces total harmonic distortion in the grid current by compensating for load harmonics, unbalance, and neutral current. The inverters can effectively utilize power from renewable energy sources to meet lagging demand while improving power quality on the distribution grid.
Implementation of Energy Management System to PV-Diesel Hybrid Power Generati...paperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of this proposed system is to provide Uninterruptible Power Supply to the load. This proposed system mainly deals with the Energy Management of the DC microgrid System. The Power sources employed in the proposed system composed of PV, and Diesel power generation system. The storage system consists of the batteries, and has the EB system acts as a standby system, which delivers power only during the power failure conditions. The RS 485 and ZigBee communication protocol, employed in the communication purposes. The Energy Management System (EMS) incorporates the fuzzy control manages the State of Charge (SoC) of the battery.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm to design Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) damping controllers. The goal is to damp low frequency oscillations in power systems. The paper models a single-machine infinite-bus power system installed with a UPFC. It linearizes the system equations and formulates the controller design as an optimization problem to minimize oscillations. Simulation results comparing the proposed RCGA approach to conventional tuning are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness in damping power system oscillations.
IRJET- Review of Power Quality Problem Improvement by Integration of Solar PV...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that reviews improving power quality in a grid-connected distributed generation system integrating a DFIG wind farm and solar PV panels with a UPQC device. The UPQC mitigates both voltage sags and current harmonics on the source and load sides. Simulation results show the THD is reduced when the UPQC is included and further reduced by adding a solar PV array to the UPQC DC link. The complete system is modeled and analyzed in MATLAB to evaluate the performance and power quality enhancement provided by the UPQC with and without integrated solar power.
IRJET- Analysis of Load Frequency Control for a Distributed Grid System Invol...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes load frequency control for a distributed grid system involving wind, hydro, and thermal power plants using conventional and fuzzy logic controllers. It models a three-area system with area 1 containing a thermal plant, area 2 containing a hydro plant, and area 3 containing wind generation. It simulates the system responses to a 1% load disturbance in one area using each controller and compares the undershoot and settling time. The fuzzy logic controller provides better dynamic response with lower undershoot, overshoot, and faster settling time compared to the conventional PI controller. This shows fuzzy logic control is more effective at maintaining frequency stability in an interconnected power system with various generation sources.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement of Grid Connected Renewable System using...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on improving the power quality of a grid-connected renewable energy system using a STATCOM controller. The system includes photovoltaic cells and a wind turbine connected to the grid along with nonlinear loads. A STATCOM controller is proposed to reduce current harmonics and support reactive power. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under four cases: with STATCOM and renewable sources, with only STATCOM, with only wind, and without STATCOM or wind. Results show the STATCOM is effective at reducing total harmonic distortion of source current and voltage and improving power factor.
Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in grids. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient utilization of electric system. There are some drawbacks of FACTS devices. These drawbacks can be fulfilled by using new compound, scalable, light weighted and cost effective devices that are distributed-FACTS (D-FACTS). D-FACTS controllers are distributed version of conventional lumped FACTS controllers and their cost is low due to lower ratings of component and reliability also increases due to redundancy of devices. The Enhanced Power Flow Controller (EPFC) is a D-FACTS controller which is distributed version of thyristor controlled series controller. DPFC controllers are used in series at small distance gap at every 5-10 km distance with transmission line to control the power flow. This paper discusses extensive review of the DPFC controller and its application in modern power system era. Zeba Akram"A comprehensive review on D-FACTS devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11649.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11649/a-comprehensive-review-on-d-facts-devices/zeba-akram
Power-Quality Improvement Features In Grid Interconnection of Wind Energy Sou...AM Publications
The increased power demand, the depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the growth of the environmental pollution has led
the world to think seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to the
distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. A new control strategy for achieving maximum advantage from
these grid-interfacing inverters which are when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems is given in this paper. With the inverter
control, the inverter can be used as a multi-function device, which includes the function of: 1) power converter to inject power generated
from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. These functions of the inverter can be done either individually or simultaneously. The proposed inverter with the
control when connected, helps the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced
linear load to the grid. With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated here.
1. The document provides an introduction to wind energy in India and Madhya Pradesh, including the history and components of wind turbines.
2. It discusses the power sector reforms that began in Madhya Pradesh in the 1990s due to financial crises, which included separating generation, transmission, and distribution functions and encouraging private sector participation.
3. The key components of a horizontal axis wind turbine are described as the rotor, blades, nacelle, low and high speed shafts, gearbox, brake, generator, anemometer, and tower.
IRJET- Analysis of Demand Side Management of Distribution SystemsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes demand side management techniques in distribution systems using an IEEE 33 bus test system in DigSILent PowerFactory software. It implements different demand side management approaches like incorporating distributed energy sources, load shifting, and valley filling. The distributed energy sources used are distributed generators and batteries. Load shifting is done by shifting different percentages of load to off-peak hours. Valley filling is analyzed for different cases. The results of these demand side management techniques are compared to the base IEEE 33 bus system in terms of improvements to voltage profile and losses. The effectiveness of each technique is evaluated based on the losses.
IRJET- Power Quality Monitoring & Analysis using Smart Multi-Function MeterIRJET Journal
This document discusses power quality monitoring and analysis using a smart multi-function meter in a microgrid distribution network. It analyzes frequency and voltage variations, harmonic distortion, unbalanced voltages, and neutral currents at different load conditions. Several previous studies on power quality issues in microgrids are also summarized. The key findings are that power quality is more difficult to maintain in off-grid mode due to lack of inertia, and that renewable energy sources, nonlinear loads, and power electronics cause most disturbances. Smart meters can monitor power quality parameters in real-time and help improve energy management in microgrids.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Consideration of reactive energy in the tariff structureIAEME Publication
The document discusses considerations for including the cost of reactive energy in electricity tariffs. It proposes a framework to charge penalties to consumers that violate grid codes by drawing reactive power. The key points are:
1) Reactive power is important for grid stability but its value varies locally, so pricing should consider location.
2) A penalty tariff structure is proposed to charge consumers extra for reactive power drawn in violation of grid codes like unity power factor.
3) The cost of reactive energy would be estimated based on the existing tariff structure for active energy and demand charges, using the ratio of reactive demand to active demand costs. This allows distribution companies to recover costs for procuring reactive power.
Using Alternative Energy Sources Way to Intellectualization and Greater Energ...ijtsrd
The article is devoted to the development of energy saving measures in the power supplof industrial enterprises using non traditional energy sources. Rashid Zhalilov | Aslanova Gulnoz | Saidmurod Latipov "Using Alternative Energy Sources - Way to Intellectualization and Greater Energy Efficiency in Modern Industrial Enterprises" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38577.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38577/using-alternative-energy-sources--way-to-intellectualization-and-greater-energy-efficiency-in-modern-industrial-enterprises/rashid-zhalilov
Application of tvac pso for reactive power cost minimization in deregulated e...eSAT Journals
Abstract
For planning and proper operation of power system, optimization of reactive power is a must. The reactive power cost minimization aims at dispatching the reactive power in such a way that maximum real power is dispatched and minimum reactive power is utilized so that voltage is maintained at required level. The work presented in this paper discusses various loading conditions and the improvement after applying the optimization technique. It compares the reactive power cost both before and after optimally dispatching the reactive power and thereby ensuring the voltage stability of the power system. Optimal power dispatch is solved using Time Varying Acceleration Coefficient and Particle Swarm Optimization. Reactive support of the generators has two functions such as voltage control and real power delivery. It explains how the application of PSO helps in reactive power control and reduction in power losses.
Keywords: Ancillary services, Deregulated Electricity Market, Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch
The document compares the reliability of 2-level and 3-level inverter power conditioning systems for grid-connected photovoltaic applications. It finds that the 3-level system has a mean time between failures of 10 years, while the 2-level system is only 6 years. Over time, the 3-level system remains more reliable than the 2-level system. The investigation also determines that the boost converter component has a greater impact on system reliability than the inverter. Therefore, the 3-level power conditioning system is concluded to be the optimal choice for grid-connected photovoltaic applications.
Optimization Technique for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM Neural Ne...ijtsrd
This document reviews optimization techniques for power quality improvement using DSTATCOM with a neural network approach. It discusses how DSTATCOM and other custom power devices like DVR, UPQC can be used to improve power quality by mitigating issues like voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and reactive power. It also presents the configuration of a DSTATCOM system and a control algorithm using a backpropagation neural network to extract fundamental active and reactive power components and estimate harmonic currents for compensation under nonlinear loads. The proposed neural network control approach for DSTATCOM is aimed to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics, reactive power, and providing zero voltage regulation.
IRJET- A Grid-Control Scheme Connected to a Wind Energy System for Improving ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a STATCOM connected to a battery energy storage system to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system. Power quality issues like voltage variations, flicker, and harmonics are caused by the variable output of wind turbines. The proposed system connects a STATCOM and battery storage at the point of common coupling to mitigate these issues. A MATLAB/SIMULINK model is used to simulate the STATCOM control system. Simulation results show the system maintains unity power factor at the source, supports reactive power needs, and improves power quality standards according to IEC guidelines.
A Review on Improved Secondary Distribution Network for Power Quality in Grid...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes various techniques for improving power quality in grid integration of small-scale photovoltaic systems. It discusses PI-based reactive power control systems, flicker logistic control methods, automated filtering mechanisms, shunt active power filters, grid synchronization techniques, and integrated optimization-based AI techniques. For each method, it explores the benefits and limitations, and provides a comparative analysis of their effectiveness in addressing issues like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and flicker. The review also highlights future research directions and challenges in implementing these techniques to enhance power quality in grid integration of small-scale photovoltaic systems.
Power-Sharing of Parallel Inverters in Micro-Grids via Droop control and Virt...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two power-sharing control strategies - droop control and virtual impedance - for parallel inverters in microgrids. Droop control simulates the frequency-power characteristics of conventional power systems but has limitations like load-dependent voltage regulation. Virtual impedance modifies the output impedance of inverters to improve current sharing. The document analyzes these approaches and compares their performance in sharing power between parallel inverters through MATLAB simulations under different weather conditions. It finds that both techniques effectively share load power while improving system stability and response, with virtual impedance providing better voltage regulation.
Droop control method for parallel dc converters used in standalone pv wind po...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rising rate of consumption and price of fossil fuel along with environmental pollution by conventional power generation draw global attention to renewable energy sources and technology. Paper gives analysis study on current sharing issues of parallel DC converters in standalone photovoltaic (PV) WIND system. Solar wind power generating system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique – incremental conductance method is used for the simulation analysis. The main drawbacks of parallel converters used in system are poor power sharing and voltage drop. The paper describes about instantaneous droop calculation considering effect of cable resistance using droop index to improve the power sharing performance. The control technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in PV- wind power generating system with MPPT and case study has been done on the control strategy and verifies the effectiveness of adaptive droop control on output converter voltage. Key Words: Microgrid; droop method; incremental conductance (Incond); maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
CONTROL STRATEGIES ON GRID-TIED PV INVERTERSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes control strategies for grid-tied solar inverters to supply both active and reactive power. It presents a model of a grid-connected photovoltaic system in MATLAB/Simulink, including a PV array, inverter, controllers, local loads and the utility grid. Simulation results show that the inverter can supply reactive power to loads to reduce the grid's reactive power requirements. It can also help stabilize the grid voltage when inductive or capacitive loads are connected by controlling reactive power output and reducing active power if needed. The inverter provides both active and reactive power support under varying irradiance levels to maintain a constant power factor.
A Grid-Tied Solar Power System with Harmonic Filter to Enhance Power QualityIRJET Journal
This document proposes a grid-tied solar power system integrated with an active shunt harmonic filter to improve power quality. The system uses a photovoltaic array and maximum power point tracking algorithm to power a three-leg voltage source converter acting as the active harmonic filter. The filter extracts a reference current using instantaneous power theory and generates compensating current through PWM to cancel harmonics in the source current. Simulation results show the source current is cleaned of harmonics when the filter is integrated into the system.
Adaptive Fuzzy PID Based Control Strategy For 3Phase 4Wire Shunt Active Filte...IJERA Editor
The document presents a new control strategy for controlling a shunt active power filter to compensate for reactive power and reduce current harmonics in a grid connected to a renewable energy based distribution system. The proposed control strategy uses a fuzzy PID controller to determine the reference compensating currents for a three-phase shunt active power filter. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink show that the controller has fast dynamic response, accurately tracks the DC voltage reference, and is robust to load parameter variations. The fuzzy PID controller hybridizes classical PID and fuzzy control to exploit the benefits of both.
Grid Connected Photovoltaic System with Energy Management SchemeIRJET Journal
This document describes a grid-connected photovoltaic system with an energy management scheme. The system includes solar panels, a boost converter, single-phase inverter, loads, and an energy management module. The energy management module monitors energy usage and controls the inverter to maintain power balance. It allows excess solar energy to be exported to the grid and draws power from the grid when solar cannot meet local load demand, enabling bidirectional power flow. The system aims to deliver stable power output regardless of solar variations through this energy management scheme.
Emc model for modern power electronic systems for harmonics, losses & emi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronic systems becomes an engineering discipline and it should be considered at the
beginning stage of a design. Thus, a power electronics design becomes more complex and challenging and it requires a good
communication between EMI and Power electronics experts. Three major issues in designing a power electronic system are Losses,
EMI and Harmonics. These issues affect system cost, size, efficiency and quality and it is a tradeoff between these factors when we
design a power converter, filter. In this paper the EMC model is discussed which should be considered while designing the power
electronics systems. The design considerations in this paper help us to remove losses, harmonics & EMI elimination and power
quality improvement of Power systems.
Index Terms: Converter, EMI, EMC, Filter, Harmonics
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Review: Active Power Filtering Techniques for Power SystemIRJET Journal
This document reviews active power filtering techniques for power systems. It begins with an abstract that defines active filters as power electronic circuits that use power switches and passive elements like inductors and capacitors to control current harmonics and reactive power. It then provides an introduction that discusses the increasing use of distributed generation and renewable energy sources integrating with grids, which can cause power quality issues. The document then describes different active power filtering techniques in detail, including shunt active power filters, series active power filters, and unified power quality conditioners. It reviews several specific techniques reported in other research publications that use active power filters with photovoltaic systems, neural networks based control, and nonlinear inductance modeling.
Control strategies for seamless transfer between the grid-connected and isla...IJECEIAES
This document describes two control strategies for seamless transfer between grid-connected and islanded modes of operation in a microgrid system: inverter output current control and indirect grid current control. It presents the modeling of a three-phase inverter power stage and discusses the control schemes for each strategy in detail. Simulation results are presented to validate the design methodology and compare the performance of the two control strategies under different operating modes including grid-connected, islanded, and during transition between modes.
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
IRJET- Voltage Stability, Loadability and Contingency Analysis with Optimal I...IRJET Journal
This document discusses contingency analysis and optimal placement of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) using continuation power flow analysis to improve voltage stability and loadability. It presents a methodology to determine the optimal location and mix of different RDG technologies (solar, wind, fuel cells) on the IEEE 9-bus test system using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). Reactive power performance indices are calculated for different line contingencies to identify critical buses. The results show that optimally placing RDGs can enhance voltage stability and increase the maximum loadability point compared to the base case without RDGs.
A Review paper on Power Quality Improvement Techniques in a Grid Integrated S...IRJET Journal
This document reviews power quality improvement techniques for grid-integrated solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses how shunt active power filters (SAPF) using fuzzy logic and DC-DC PID controllers can improve power quality by reducing harmonics. SAPF generates harmonic currents that are opposite in polarity and equal in magnitude to the original harmonics, cancelling them out. The document also reviews other power quality improvement methods like reactive power compensation, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices, and active filters.
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes and simulates a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources like solar and wind along with an active power filter to improve power quality. The system uses a four-leg voltage source inverter with both a conventional DC link controller and a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the DC link voltage and compensate for current harmonics from nonlinear loads. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed control scheme and active power filter configuration can effectively improve power quality by reducing total harmonic distortion.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement in Solar by using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for improving power quality in solar photovoltaic systems using a fuzzy logic controller. The system uses a single-phase inverter controlled by a predictive control algorithm to perform maximum power point tracking from the PV array and deliver power to the grid, while also compensating for current harmonics and reactive power from nonlinear loads. A fuzzy logic control method is applied for maximum power point tracking to handle model uncertainties and nonlinearity. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using MATLAB simulation.
Analysis of Double Moving Average Power Smoothing Methods for Photovoltaic Sy...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes double moving average power smoothing methods for photovoltaic systems. It discusses how battery energy storage can smooth intermittent power from PV systems. A double moving average method is proposed that calculates a moving average twice to filter trends from PV power data. Simulation results show the proposed method levels PV power fluctuations by charging and discharging the battery, reducing frequency deviations in the power system. The optimal battery size is determined to minimize costs while meeting control objectives.
IRJET- A Review on Solar based Multilevel Inverter with Three Phase Grid SupplyIRJET Journal
- The document discusses solar-powered multilevel inverters that can supply three-phase grid power. Multilevel inverters have advantages over single-level inverters like lower harmonic distortion, reduced electromagnetic interference, and the ability to operate at several voltage levels.
- The literature review covers prior research on different multilevel inverter topologies for photovoltaic systems, including the flying capacitor, neutral point clamped, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. It also discusses control methods like maximum power point tracking and modulation techniques.
- The goal is to develop a multilevel inverter powered by PV panels that can supply three-phase grid power with minimum harmonic distortion and reduced component requirements compared to
IRJET- Simulation and Experimental Verification of Single Phase Unity Power F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on simulating and experimentally verifying a single-phase unity power factor PWM boost rectifier with an improved voltage profile. The paper reviews various control techniques used in boost rectifiers, including peak current control, average current control, PI control, dynamic evolution control, and sliding mode control. It also discusses the advantages of achieving unity power factor, such as greater efficiency and power density. The proposed methodology involves analyzing different rectifier topologies and control schemes through simulation and experimental testing to develop a rectifier capable of unity power factor and low harmonic distortion. The results confirm that the independent and high-frequency operation of the converter allows for improved control loop bandwidth.
Power quality enhancement by improving voltage stability using dstatcomeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Enhancement of Power Quality in Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Using Predictive Current Control Technique
1. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 549 – 553
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
549
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Enhancement of Power Quality in Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Using
Predictive Current Control Technique
Neha Bhole,
SSBT‟S COET Bhambhori, Jalgaon.
North Maharashtra University
bholeneha21@gmail.com
Dr. P. J. Shah
Professor of Electrical Engineering Dept.
SSBT‟S COET Bhambhori, Jalgaon.
North Maharashtra University
pjshahj@yahoo.com
Abstract—Now- a days the increased use of power electronic devices has resulted in power quality problems such as voltage sag, swell,
harmonics and voltage flicker. Non-linear loads affect system power quality. PV systems are grid connected via an interfacing converter. Single
phase shunt active power filter (APF) can be used to develop the power quality in terms of current harmonic mitigation and reactive power
compensation. In this paper a PV interfacing inverter which acts as a shunt an APF is controlled using predictive current control (PCC)
technique for current harmonics mitigation. The MATLAB Simulink model is used to study the performance of system.
Keywords-PV system, Power quality, Shunt APF, Predictive current control (PCC), Total harmonic distortion (THD).
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
1. Introduction
The power quality issues are obtained in power system
and one of them is harmonics that influence to a great extent
transformer overheating, rotary machine vibration, voltage
quality degradation, damage of electric power components,
and faulty medical facilities [1]. According to IEEE 519,
harmonic voltage distortion on power system 69 kV and
below is limited to 5.0% total harmonic distortion with each
individual harmonic limited to 3%. The current harmonic
limits vary based on the short circuit strength of the system
they are being injected into. Essentially, the more the system
is able to handle harmonic currents, the more the customer is
allowed to inject. The goal of applying the harmonic limit
specified in IEEE 519 is to prevent one customer. The
intensive use of nonlinear loads, power quality improvement
are important consideration and the limitations required by
international standards according to IEEE519-
1992[2].Those limitations were set to limit the disturbances
and escape major problems in electrical power system. Since
linear or non-linear single-phase loads are quickly
increasing, zero sequence component and current harmonics
are produced. This causes overheating of the associate
distribution transformers that may lead to a system failure,
especially in weak networks [3]-[5].
There is an increase in electric power demand in the
world. The energy obtained from conventional sources such
as coal is accompanied with environmental pollution. The
fossil fuels are non-renewable. So the entire world is
looking towards non-renewable sources of energy like solar
PV systems, wind energy, tidal energy. These sources of
energy are clean, free from environmental pollution and are
renewable. These energy sources are used with distributed
Generation (DG).There is also an increase in non-linear
loads used in industrial and domestic applications. Non-
linear loads affect system power quality such as voltage sag,
voltage swell, current harmonics, and voltage flicker.
Overheating of transformers, rotary machine vibrations,
malfunctioning of electric power equipment‟s and medical
facilities, saturations of distribution transformers are the
effects of harmonics in system. In order to avoids these
effects, the IEEE has imposed certain standards and
limitations on the maximum allowable DC currents injected
into the grid IEEE 519-1992. The harmonic current can be
blocked by using a passive or APF [6]. Passive filter are
used due to some advantages such as their simplicity, ease
of maintenance and low cost. However, it has several
drawbacks like the risk of series and parallel resonances,
system impedance dependency and aging effect of the filter
passive components. Generally, APFs sort out the classical
problems of passive filters [7]. Shunt APF can be used to
mitigate both of the line current harmonics and the neutral
current in order to improve the system power quality and
enhance the grid connection [8].The single-phase shunt APF
uses a predictive current control technique to mitigate of the
grid current harmonics as well as improve the power factor.
The suggested control strategy provides a multifunction
with a simple controller incorporating phase locked loop
independency, less sensors, ease of practical
implementation, and reduced system size and cost. This
paper discusses the predictive current control technique of
inverter current control to mitigate current harmonics and
improve power factor. The MATLAB SIMULINK modelis
used to study the performance of the system.
2. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 549 – 553
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
550
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. System Descriptions
There are two configurations to connect the PV
system to the grid; two stage and single stage PV system. A
conventional two stage system has a DC-DC converter
directly coupled with PV array and grid connected inverter.
A single stage PV system consists of a DC-AC inverter
whose control is complex. In spite of having complex
control a single stage system is more efficient and cheaper
as compared to a two stage system.In this paper, a single
stage system is used. In this system, the inverter is
controlled using a predictive current control technique for
current harmonics mitigation. For connection PV system to
the grid, there are three commonly used grid interactive PV
systems; the centralized inverter system, the string inverter
system and the AC module / the Module Integrated
Converter (MIC) system. Among these, the MIC system
offers “plug and play” concept as well as significantly
optimizes the energy yield. Also the MIC idea has become
the trend for the future PV system development but
challenges remain in terms of cost, reliability and stability
for the grid connection. Usually single-phase shunt APF
usages an inverter for harmonics elimination as well as
reactivepower compensation [9]-[10].A grid connected PV
systemwith active power filtering feature has been presented
in [11]-[13].The single-phase shunt active power filter
(APF) uses a predictive control technique to mitigate of the
grid current harmonics and improve the power factor.
However, measuring the load current is mandatory. Figure 1
shows general block diagram of grid connected PV unit.
Figure 1 General block diagram of grid connected PV unit
Figure 2 shows the single phase single stage grid connected
system with control signals. It consists of PV array, inverter,
PWM, inverter control, nonlinear load and grid.
Figure 2 Overall systems modeling with control signal
3. Controller Design
The projected system shown in figure 3 consists of
PV array, DC-link capacitor, and a multifunctional inverter
connected at the point of common coupling to a single-phase
grid through the interface inductances. The compensator
reference current is calculated from the sensed grid current
drawn by nonlinear and single-phase loads connected to the
grid. The reference current is calculated by using capacitor
voltage control. The compensation objective is to
compensate for load current harmonics, reactive power
compensation and to control the DC bus during bidirectional
active power exchange between the DC side load or source
and the power system grid. The controller is used to obtain
the predicted voltage at the (𝐾 + 1)𝑡ℎ
instant. This predicted
voltage is compared with repeating sequence to generate the
gate pulses for the inverter. The proposed control system is
shown in figure 3. The multifunctional inverter is controlled
with a predictive control scheme. It needs the measurement
of the grid voltage and grid current at PCC and the inverter
DC-link voltage. The measurement of the load current and
the injected inverter current are not essential. The inverter
reference current is removed using DC-link capacitor
voltage control method.The DC-link voltage, 𝑉𝑑𝑐 are
subtracted from the reference voltage 𝑉𝑑𝑐
∗
. A PI-controller
acts on the resultant error. The DC-link voltage is
maintained constant and the power balance between the
grid, inverter, and the load is achieved as the capacitors
compensate instantaneously the difference between the grid
and the load power.
3. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 549 – 553
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
551
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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Figure 3 Block diagram of proposed control system
The predicted controller voltage in terms of reference
current, measured grid current is given by
𝑉𝐶
∗
𝐾 + 1 = 𝐿𝑖
𝑖 𝑠 𝐾 −𝑖 𝑠
∗ 𝐾
𝑇𝑠
𝑉𝑔 𝐾 (1)
Where,𝐿𝑖 is the interfacing inductance, 𝑇𝑠is sampling time,
𝑖 𝑠
∗
𝐾 and 𝑖 𝑠 𝐾 are the sinusoidal reference and the
measured grid current at sampling instant k and 𝑉𝑔is the grid
voltage.
3.1 Input Voltage
For a single phase full bridge inverter output voltage is
given by,
𝑣𝑜 =
2 2
𝑛𝜋
𝑣 𝑑𝑐 (2)
Where, 𝑣 𝑑𝑐 is inverter input voltage, n is order of harmonics
and 𝑣𝑜 is the r.m.s output voltage of inverter
3.2 Generation of Reference Current
The output of PV array is compared with reference
of 420V. The reference signal is given to PI controller which
reduces steady state error. The output of PI controller
multiplied with sinusoidal signal gives the reference current
for the controller 𝑖 𝑟(k).The p.u sine wave is given by
V=1*sin 𝑤 ∗ 𝑡 (3)
𝑖 𝑟 𝑘 = 𝑒 ∗V (4)
Where, e is the output of PI controller.
3.3 Generation of Voltage
The reference current obtained is compared with current
measured from the grid. The signal obtained is scaled by a
factor
𝐿 𝑖
𝑇𝑠
and added to the measured grid voltage 𝑣𝑔 𝑘 .The
resulting signal is the predicted voltage which is compared
with repeating sequence to obtain pulses for the gate circuit
of inverter.
4. Performance Analysis of the Proposed System
The analysis of the proposed system shown in
figure 2 is simulated using a MATLAB Simulink model.
The system factors are listed in table 1.
Table1: The System Factors
Symbol Quantity Values
F Line frequency 50Hz
𝑉𝑑𝑐
∗
DC reference voltage 420V
𝑉𝑠 Grid voltage in RMS 220V
C PV module capacitor 4700µF
𝑇𝑐 Atmospheric Temperature 25ºC
𝐿 𝑠 Grid tied inductor 3.2mH
𝐶𝑑𝑐 DC bus Capacitor 5 µF
𝑅𝑖 Resistance of inverter 0.05 Ω
𝐿𝑖 Inductance of inverter 3.2mH
The controller is modeled using MATLAB Simulink for
inverter which is connected to grid and nonlinear loads.In
this paper a single phase 50 Hz full bridge inverter is
connected to grid and to nonlinear loads .For different
nonlinear loads, the currents injected into the grid have THD
less than 5% which is according to IEEE standards. The grid
current THD is compared before and after compensation.
The APF increases the THD from 3.1% to 3.2% which obey
with the IEEE Std. 519-1992.The grid current THD is
measured for different nonlinear loads. Table 2 shows grid
current THD for different nonlinear loads.
Figure 5 Simulation results: (a) Voltage drop across load,
(b) Grid current, (c) Grid voltage, (d) Predicted voltage.
4. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 549 – 553
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
552
IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis:
The FFT analysis of grid current waveform for load of
impedance is 5+j 3.14 Ω and having 0.45% THD. Figure 6
shows the FFT analysis of grid Current waveform.
Figure 6 FFT analysis
Table 2: Grid current THD for different nonlinear load
Sr. No. R(Ω) L( mH) THD (%)
1 90 50 4.451
2 80 60 4.262
3 70 40 4.033
4 25 30 3.877
5 50 30 3.918
6 30 13 3.731
7 20 5 3.742
8 10 10 3.768
5. Conclusion
In this paper, a PV system is interfaced to the grid via a
multifunctional interfacing inverter. A simple Predictive
current control method is used. Predictive controller gives
better performance while the mathematical model is
accurate, linear and time invariant. The system performance
is investigated using MATLAB /Simulink model at different
case of load variation. The inverter achieves function of
supplying the available power from the PV unit into the
loads in addition to improving the power quality in terms of
grid current THD and power factor. Hence enhance power
quality in grid connected PV system with current harmonic
mitigation and reactive power compensation.
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