English tenses lesson 1
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This document discusses English tenses and verb forms. It covers the infinitive, gerund, and participle forms of verbs. For each form, it provides examples and describes their uses in sentences. Exercises are also provided to practice using these verb forms in different contexts.
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Present continuous
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English. It provides examples of how to form the present continuous tense using am/is/are + present participle. It also outlines four main uses of the present continuous tense: 1) to describe actions happening now, 2) longer actions in progress now, 3) near future actions, and 4) repetition and irritation with words like "always." Non-continuous verbs and mixed verbs are noted as exceptions. Adverb placement and active/passive voice are also briefly covered.
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The document discusses prepositions in English. It defines a preposition as a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to another part of a sentence. Some common prepositions are to, at, on, and in. The document provides examples of how prepositions indicate direction, location, time, or introduce an object. It then discusses the specific uses of the prepositions on, at, and in and provides sentences for readers to identify prepositions.
Gerunds and Infinitives
The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It explains that some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, with similar meanings. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can be used as subjects, objects, or complements of sentences. Infinitives are verb forms preceded by "to" that can also be used as subjects, objects, or complements. The document provides examples of verbs that are commonly followed by gerunds or infinitives and guidelines for choosing between them.
Gerunds And Infinitives
This document discusses the differences between gerunds, infinitives, and base forms of verbs in English. Gerunds are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of a verb and can be used as subjects or objects. Infinitives are always preceded by "to" and can be subjects or objects after certain verbs and adjectives. Base forms are used after perception verbs and the verbs "let" and "make." Certain verbs like "stop," "remember," "regret," and "forget" can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with subtle differences in meaning.
Phrasal Verb
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a preposition or adverb that creates a meaning different from the original verb. Some phrasal verbs are intransitive and cannot take an object, while others are transitive and can take an object. Transitive phrasal verbs can be separable, with the object between the verb and preposition, or inseparable, with the object after the preposition. Some phrasal verbs can be used both ways. The document then provides examples of different types of phrasal verbs to illustrate these concepts.
Gerundsvsinfitives
Gerunds and infinitives are both verb forms that can be used as subjects, objects, or complements in sentences. Gerunds are formed with "-ing" and act as nouns. Infinitives use "to" before the base verb form. Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects, while others require infinitives. There are also cases where gerunds and infinitives can be interchangeable with little difference in meaning. Proper use depends on the specific verb and intended nuance. Both forms can take different tenses and voices.
Gerunds and infinitives
This document provides information on the use of gerunds and infinitives after verbs and expressions in English. It lists common verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives based on their meaning, such as verbs expressing likes/dislikes or mental states followed by gerunds, and verbs expressing future arrangements followed by infinitives. Some verbs, such as start, finish, and continue can be followed by either form without a change in meaning, while verbs like forget, remember, go on, regret, stop, and try can have different meanings depending on whether they are followed by a gerund or infinitive. The document also discusses uses of gerunds and infinitives after questions words, prepositions, adjectives, and
9. auxiliary verbs
The document discusses modal verbs in English. It defines modal verbs as special verbs that express mood and attitude. Some key points:
- Modal verbs such as can, may, must are used with other verbs to express ideas like ability, permission, obligation.
- Modal verbs are irregular and do not conjugate like normal verbs. They have consistent forms and are always followed by a base verb.
- Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, should, would, shall, will. Each has specific meanings and uses for ability, permission, requests, advice, necessity and more.
- Modal verbs are important for proper English grammar and have many functions in the language
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Present continuous
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English. It provides examples of how to form the present continuous tense using am/is/are + present participle. It also outlines four main uses of the present continuous tense: 1) to describe actions happening now, 2) longer actions in progress now, 3) near future actions, and 4) repetition and irritation with words like "always." Non-continuous verbs and mixed verbs are noted as exceptions. Adverb placement and active/passive voice are also briefly covered.
English prepositions
The document discusses prepositions in English. It defines a preposition as a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to another part of a sentence. Some common prepositions are to, at, on, and in. The document provides examples of how prepositions indicate direction, location, time, or introduce an object. It then discusses the specific uses of the prepositions on, at, and in and provides sentences for readers to identify prepositions.
Gerunds and Infinitives
The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It explains that some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, with similar meanings. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can be used as subjects, objects, or complements of sentences. Infinitives are verb forms preceded by "to" that can also be used as subjects, objects, or complements. The document provides examples of verbs that are commonly followed by gerunds or infinitives and guidelines for choosing between them.
Gerunds And Infinitives
This document discusses the differences between gerunds, infinitives, and base forms of verbs in English. Gerunds are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of a verb and can be used as subjects or objects. Infinitives are always preceded by "to" and can be subjects or objects after certain verbs and adjectives. Base forms are used after perception verbs and the verbs "let" and "make." Certain verbs like "stop," "remember," "regret," and "forget" can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with subtle differences in meaning.
Phrasal Verb
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a preposition or adverb that creates a meaning different from the original verb. Some phrasal verbs are intransitive and cannot take an object, while others are transitive and can take an object. Transitive phrasal verbs can be separable, with the object between the verb and preposition, or inseparable, with the object after the preposition. Some phrasal verbs can be used both ways. The document then provides examples of different types of phrasal verbs to illustrate these concepts.
Gerundsvsinfitives
Gerunds and infinitives are both verb forms that can be used as subjects, objects, or complements in sentences. Gerunds are formed with "-ing" and act as nouns. Infinitives use "to" before the base verb form. Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects, while others require infinitives. There are also cases where gerunds and infinitives can be interchangeable with little difference in meaning. Proper use depends on the specific verb and intended nuance. Both forms can take different tenses and voices.
Gerunds and infinitives
This document provides information on the use of gerunds and infinitives after verbs and expressions in English. It lists common verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives based on their meaning, such as verbs expressing likes/dislikes or mental states followed by gerunds, and verbs expressing future arrangements followed by infinitives. Some verbs, such as start, finish, and continue can be followed by either form without a change in meaning, while verbs like forget, remember, go on, regret, stop, and try can have different meanings depending on whether they are followed by a gerund or infinitive. The document also discusses uses of gerunds and infinitives after questions words, prepositions, adjectives, and
9. auxiliary verbs
The document discusses modal verbs in English. It defines modal verbs as special verbs that express mood and attitude. Some key points:
- Modal verbs such as can, may, must are used with other verbs to express ideas like ability, permission, obligation.
- Modal verbs are irregular and do not conjugate like normal verbs. They have consistent forms and are always followed by a base verb.
- Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, should, would, shall, will. Each has specific meanings and uses for ability, permission, requests, advice, necessity and more.
- Modal verbs are important for proper English grammar and have many functions in the language
Present Continuous
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English. It defines the present continuous as expressing ongoing or current actions. There are four main uses: 1) actions happening now, 2) longer actions currently in progress, 3) planned near future actions, and 4) repetition or irritation with words like "always." Examples are provided for each use. The document also notes which verbs are not used in the continuous form and the placement of adverbs in sentences using the present continuous.
Use the present continuous
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English, which is used to describe actions that are happening now or over a short period of time in the future. It provides examples of sentences in the present continuous, such as "You are learning English now" and "They are not watching television." The document also explains that the present continuous is formed by combining the present tense of the verb "to be" with the present participle (verb + -ing) of the main verb. It gives the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present continuous across subjects.
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Auxiliary and modal verbs
Auxiliary and modal verbs help form tenses, voices, and moods. There are primary auxiliaries like be, have, and do as well as modal auxiliaries like shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, used to, need and dare. Auxiliary verbs are used in short answers, to avoid repetition, with so and neither, in "echo" questions, to show emphasis, and in question tags. Question tags are formed with an auxiliary verb and pronoun and are used to check something believed to be true or to ask for agreement.
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This document discusses gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It defines a gerund as a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun, and an infinitive as an uninflected verb form preceded by "to" that can function as different parts of speech. It provides examples of how gerunds can be used as subjects and after prepositions. It also explains how infinitives can be used after verbs like "want" or adjectives/adverbs, as well as for purposes. Finally, it notes that some verbs like "love" can take either form with similar meanings, while verbs like "stop" and "remember" have different meanings depending on the form.
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Verbs can be followed by gerunds (verbs ending in -ing), infinitives (to + verb), or both with no change in meaning. There are no rules governing which verb form is used after each verb. Common verbs followed by gerunds include enjoy, dislike, and finish. Verbs often followed by infinitives include choose, decide, and refuse. Some verbs like forget, remember, stop, go on, and try can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive but with a change in meaning.
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Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Reported or indirect speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word for word, but conveys the overall meaning. When changing direct to reported speech, the verb tense typically changes to the past tense since we are referring to something said in the past. For example, "I am going to the cinema" would become "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses may change further into the past if the original tense was already past.
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Tag questions
Question tags are short questions added to the end of statements to confirm if something is true or false, or encourage a response. They are formed using the auxiliary verb from the statement and the appropriate subject. A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, while a negative statement uses a positive question tag. Examples are provided like "Jack is from Spain, isn't he?" and "They aren't funny, are they?".
Linking words
This document provides examples of how to use linking words such as "although", "but", "because", and "so" in sentences. It explains that "although" and "but" are used to link opposite or different ideas, while "because" explains the reason for an action and "so" explains the result of an action. The document concludes with an exercise asking the reader to choose the correct linking word for different sentences.
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The document discusses the differences between using infinitives and gerunds after certain verbs and verbal phrases. It provides examples of verbs that are commonly used with gerunds or infinitives, including verbs used with prepositions. Some verbs can be used with either a gerund or infinitive but will have different meanings depending on which form is used. The document also shows the different forms the gerund and infinitive can take, such as present, past, perfect, and continuous tenses in both active and passive voice.
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This document provides an overview of the present simple tense and modal verbs in English. It begins with an introduction to the present simple tense and the verb "to be", explaining how it is used for permanent states, habitual actions, descriptions, locations and time. Examples are given for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Modal verbs such as can, could, may and must are then introduced. It explains that modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb and do not conjugate or use auxiliary verbs. The proper structures for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences using modal verbs are outlined.
Q skills 2 grammar review unit 5 auxilliary verbs final 5.4.2013
1. The document provides information about auxiliary or helping verbs through examples and explanations. It discusses how auxiliary verbs are used to conjugate other verbs, form questions and negative statements, and express time and mood.
2. Specific auxiliary verbs like do, does, did, can, may and must are explained in terms of their usage, structures and rules. Examples are given to illustrate how they are used in different contexts like ability, permission, possibility, certainty and necessity.
3. Exercises are included to have the reader practice forming questions and statements using the auxiliary verbs. A speaking activity also asks students to demonstrate their understanding through dialogs using these verbs.
Present continuous
The document provides information about forming and using the present continuous tense in English. It discusses how to add "-ing" to base verbs, exceptions to this rule, questions and negatives in the present continuous, and reasons for using the tense including ongoing activities, temporary situations, describing change over time, and planned future actions. Time expressions that can be used with the present continuous are also listed.
Adverbs
The document defines and provides examples of the different parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. It then focuses specifically on adverbs, defining them as words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It provides examples of different types of adverbs such as adverbs of manner, place, time, frequency, degree, and purpose and discusses the order of adverbs in a sentence.
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This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English. It discusses:
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- The two main uses of the present perfect tense: 1) unspecified time in the past and 2) an activity that began in the past and continues in the present.
- Examples of sentences using the present perfect tense with time expressions like "for" and "since".
The simple present
This document summarizes the simple present tense in English. It outlines the forms of to be, to have, and other verbs in the simple present tense, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conjugate verbs in the simple present tense and how to form negative and interrogative sentences. Common uses of the simple present tense include facts, habitual or repeated actions, and scheduled events.
Present perfect
The present perfect simple tense expresses an action that either began in the past and continues in the present or stopped recently but still affects the present. It emphasizes the result of the action rather than when it occurred. This tense uses auxiliary verbs like have or has combined with the past participle form of the main verb. It describes actions that began in the past and may still be ongoing now, actions that were completed recently, or finished actions that influence the present situation.
Do does- did
This is a practical and easy way to teach Do- does and did as main verb and auxiliary in present and past tense. It works for basic and intermediate English students.
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The document outlines the formulas for simple present tense in English including positive, negative, and interrogative forms. For positive sentences, the subject is followed by the base verb form and an object. For negative sentences, the subject is followed by don't/doesn't and the base verb form. For questions, do/does comes before the subject and base verb. Be verbs also have distinct positive, negative, and interrogative forms provided in the document.
English Tenses
The document provides information on how to form and use different tenses in English, including future, present, past, perfect, continuous, and perfect continuous tenses. It explains the auxiliary verbs used to form tenses such as "to be", "to do", and "to have". It also discusses question tags, contracted forms, and using tenses in reported speech and conditional sentences. The document aims to describe English tense usage in a comprehensive yet accessible manner.
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The document discusses the present continuous tense in English. It defines the present continuous as expressing ongoing or current actions. There are four main uses: 1) actions happening now, 2) longer actions currently in progress, 3) planned near future actions, and 4) repetition or irritation with words like "always." Examples are provided for each use. The document also notes which verbs are not used in the continuous form and the placement of adverbs in sentences using the present continuous.
Use the present continuous
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English, which is used to describe actions that are happening now or over a short period of time in the future. It provides examples of sentences in the present continuous, such as "You are learning English now" and "They are not watching television." The document also explains that the present continuous is formed by combining the present tense of the verb "to be" with the present participle (verb + -ing) of the main verb. It gives the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present continuous across subjects.
Showing your Position in a Text
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For more English tutorials, please visit:
https://www.thelecturette.com
Auxiliary and modal verbs
Auxiliary and modal verbs help form tenses, voices, and moods. There are primary auxiliaries like be, have, and do as well as modal auxiliaries like shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, used to, need and dare. Auxiliary verbs are used in short answers, to avoid repetition, with so and neither, in "echo" questions, to show emphasis, and in question tags. Question tags are formed with an auxiliary verb and pronoun and are used to check something believed to be true or to ask for agreement.
Present simple and present continuous
The document discusses the present simple and present continuous tenses in English. The present simple is used to express habitual actions, general truths, and instructions. It can also express certain actions happening now in sports commentaries or with verbs not normally used in the continuous. The present continuous expresses actions happening at the moment of speaking, temporary actions over time, and planned future actions. It lists verbs like believe, think, like that are not typically used in the continuous aspect, as well as modal and perception verbs.
Gerund and infinitive
This document discusses gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It defines a gerund as a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun, and an infinitive as an uninflected verb form preceded by "to" that can function as different parts of speech. It provides examples of how gerunds can be used as subjects and after prepositions. It also explains how infinitives can be used after verbs like "want" or adjectives/adverbs, as well as for purposes. Finally, it notes that some verbs like "love" can take either form with similar meanings, while verbs like "stop" and "remember" have different meanings depending on the form.
Verbs Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives
Verbs can be followed by gerunds (verbs ending in -ing), infinitives (to + verb), or both with no change in meaning. There are no rules governing which verb form is used after each verb. Common verbs followed by gerunds include enjoy, dislike, and finish. Verbs often followed by infinitives include choose, decide, and refuse. Some verbs like forget, remember, stop, go on, and try can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive but with a change in meaning.
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Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Reported or indirect speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word for word, but conveys the overall meaning. When changing direct to reported speech, the verb tense typically changes to the past tense since we are referring to something said in the past. For example, "I am going to the cinema" would become "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses may change further into the past if the original tense was already past.
Gerund vs infinitive
This document discusses the differences between using gerunds and infinitives after verbs in English. It explains that the first verb determines whether the second verb is an infinitive or gerund. Certain verbs take gerunds, like "enjoy" for hobbies, while others take infinitives, like "want" and "need" to express purpose or necessity. The document provides many examples of verbs that can be followed by either a gerund or infinitive with a change or no change in meaning.
Tag questions
Question tags are short questions added to the end of statements to confirm if something is true or false, or encourage a response. They are formed using the auxiliary verb from the statement and the appropriate subject. A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, while a negative statement uses a positive question tag. Examples are provided like "Jack is from Spain, isn't he?" and "They aren't funny, are they?".
Linking words
This document provides examples of how to use linking words such as "although", "but", "because", and "so" in sentences. It explains that "although" and "but" are used to link opposite or different ideas, while "because" explains the reason for an action and "so" explains the result of an action. The document concludes with an exercise asking the reader to choose the correct linking word for different sentences.
Infinitive vs Gerund
The document discusses the differences between using infinitives and gerunds after certain verbs and verbal phrases. It provides examples of verbs that are commonly used with gerunds or infinitives, including verbs used with prepositions. Some verbs can be used with either a gerund or infinitive but will have different meanings depending on which form is used. The document also shows the different forms the gerund and infinitive can take, such as present, past, perfect, and continuous tenses in both active and passive voice.
Simple present, infinitives and modal verbs
This document provides an overview of the present simple tense and modal verbs in English. It begins with an introduction to the present simple tense and the verb "to be", explaining how it is used for permanent states, habitual actions, descriptions, locations and time. Examples are given for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Modal verbs such as can, could, may and must are then introduced. It explains that modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb and do not conjugate or use auxiliary verbs. The proper structures for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences using modal verbs are outlined.
Q skills 2 grammar review unit 5 auxilliary verbs final 5.4.2013
1. The document provides information about auxiliary or helping verbs through examples and explanations. It discusses how auxiliary verbs are used to conjugate other verbs, form questions and negative statements, and express time and mood.
2. Specific auxiliary verbs like do, does, did, can, may and must are explained in terms of their usage, structures and rules. Examples are given to illustrate how they are used in different contexts like ability, permission, possibility, certainty and necessity.
3. Exercises are included to have the reader practice forming questions and statements using the auxiliary verbs. A speaking activity also asks students to demonstrate their understanding through dialogs using these verbs.
Present continuous
The document provides information about forming and using the present continuous tense in English. It discusses how to add "-ing" to base verbs, exceptions to this rule, questions and negatives in the present continuous, and reasons for using the tense including ongoing activities, temporary situations, describing change over time, and planned future actions. Time expressions that can be used with the present continuous are also listed.
Adverbs
The document defines and provides examples of the different parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. It then focuses specifically on adverbs, defining them as words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It provides examples of different types of adverbs such as adverbs of manner, place, time, frequency, degree, and purpose and discusses the order of adverbs in a sentence.
Modal verb part 1
This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English. It discusses:
- How to form the present perfect tense using the verb "have/has" and a past participle.
- The two main uses of the present perfect tense: 1) unspecified time in the past and 2) an activity that began in the past and continues in the present.
- Examples of sentences using the present perfect tense with time expressions like "for" and "since".
The simple present
This document summarizes the simple present tense in English. It outlines the forms of to be, to have, and other verbs in the simple present tense, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conjugate verbs in the simple present tense and how to form negative and interrogative sentences. Common uses of the simple present tense include facts, habitual or repeated actions, and scheduled events.
Present perfect
The present perfect simple tense expresses an action that either began in the past and continues in the present or stopped recently but still affects the present. It emphasizes the result of the action rather than when it occurred. This tense uses auxiliary verbs like have or has combined with the past participle form of the main verb. It describes actions that began in the past and may still be ongoing now, actions that were completed recently, or finished actions that influence the present situation.
Do does- did
This is a practical and easy way to teach Do- does and did as main verb and auxiliary in present and past tense. It works for basic and intermediate English students.
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Q skills 2 grammar review unit 5 auxilliary verbs final 5.4.2013
Q skills 2 grammar review unit 5 auxilliary verbs final 5.4.2013
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The document outlines the formulas for simple present tense in English including positive, negative, and interrogative forms. For positive sentences, the subject is followed by the base verb form and an object. For negative sentences, the subject is followed by don't/doesn't and the base verb form. For questions, do/does comes before the subject and base verb. Be verbs also have distinct positive, negative, and interrogative forms provided in the document.
English Tenses
The document provides information on how to form and use different tenses in English, including future, present, past, perfect, continuous, and perfect continuous tenses. It explains the auxiliary verbs used to form tenses such as "to be", "to do", and "to have". It also discusses question tags, contracted forms, and using tenses in reported speech and conditional sentences. The document aims to describe English tense usage in a comprehensive yet accessible manner.
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The document defines past tense as actions that occurred at a particular time in the past and were completed in the past. It provides the formulas for forming past tense sentences, including subject + verb 2 + object and subject + didn't + verb 1 + object. Examples of past tense sentences and a short paragraph about Pinocchio and Geppetto are also given to illustrate past tense.
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For each tense, examples are given to illustrate their typical uses. Formulas showing how to form the positive, negative, and interrogative of each tense are also provided. Notes explain any irregular verbs and subjects. The document aims to comprehensively cover English verb tense usage.
English Tenses
This document provides an overview of English verb tenses and their uses. It discusses the simple present, past, and future tenses. It also covers the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. Additionally, it explains the present progressive, past progressive, and future progressive tenses. Finally, it discusses combinations of tenses like the present perfect progressive and future perfect progressive. Examples and forms are provided for each tense.
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English tenses lesson 1
- 1. English Tenses Verónica Esteban Díaz
- 2. LESSON 1 Objective: Learn non-personal forms in order to be able to form other tenses Infinitive Gerund Participle
- 3. INFINITIVE FORMS Positive The infinitive could be formed without to
- 5. EXAMPLES Positive To watch To speak Buy Study Negative Not eat Not to drink
- 6. USES As subject To give advice is easy As direct object We all want to talk As complement My goal is to win It is used to describe unreal, general or future actions She decided to return home In my goal is to win, to win is a complement because the verb is copular
- 9. EXAMPLES Positive Drinking Studying Watching Negative Not talking Not being Not speaking
- 10. USES As subject Eating is a pleasure for me As direct object He enjoys swimming As complement You keep talking about your problems As an adverb It’s freezing cold As adjective that describes things The film was interesting It is used to describe real and completed actions They finished working the garden
- 11. EXERCISES http://www.really-learn-english.com/gerunds-and-infinitives-exercises.html http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_3.htm http://imparareinglese.com/esercizi_inglese/gerund_infinitive_change.html
- 12. PARTICIPLE FORMS Positive -ed is used for regular verbs, for irregular verbs see this list
- 13. PARTICIPLE FORMS Negative -ed is used for regular verbs, for irregular verbs see this list
- 14. EXAMPLES Positive Watched Studied Walked Bought Drunk Put Negative Not spoken Not done Not visited
- 15. USES As adjectives that describes a person A weaked child was begging As object I found her not recovered As adverb I’m dead thirsty To expess an early action of the same subject Deceived by everybody, he decided to move on
- 16. EXERCISES http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/irregverbs1.ht m http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-3.html http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/past_participle.htm