This workshop was presented at an elementary in TN and deals with strategies regular education teachers may use in the classroom to work with ELL and Special Education students.

1. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh English Language Learners in the Classroom: Strategies That Make a Difference Keith Pruitt, Ed.S. Words of Wisdom Educational Consulting www.woweducationalconsulting.com www.myspace.com/wowedu

2. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Agenda Discussion of six strategies within the framework of: Increasing Comprehensible Input Increasing Interaction Promoting Thinking Skills Interdependence Theory Schema Theory

4. Are some of your students still trying to figure out how to get over the fence while the rest are surging ahead?

5. What is Comprehensible Input?

7. fi yuo cna raed tihs, yuo hvae a sgtrane mnid too Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55 plepoe out of 100 can. i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm.. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt! Can You Read This?

8. The Greater the Comprehensible Input … … the greater the capacity to comprehend.

9. So which is more desirable? The student who reads every word? Or The student who understands the meaning?

12. The Road On The Left By Keith Pruitt On my Tuesday drive through the country side, I happened on a road I had not previously seen. It was on my left just past Conner’s store. Even though I had been here many times, I had never noticed this road before and it seemed seldom driven as grass was grown waist high on the edges. The treads of tires previously venturing down the lane were the only signs the path had been driven. ∞ I can see that in my mind. I can just see me driving down this dirt road and there is grass in the middle hitting on my car and the dust is flying and the weeds on the side of the road are up to my window. Can you stand in your space and show your conversation partner how high you think the grass would be? Remember, it is up to the window of my car. Turning down the road the grass between the tire ruts seemed short for a distance but soon became taller hitting the grill on my car. It was obvious I had turned down a road where few had driven in recent days. Over in the field was a house that appeared to be vacant. ∞ If the house is vacant it means that no one is living there. A smile crossed my face as memories from the past came rushing through my mind. ∞ I think that this person has been to this house before. I know this because the author says memories came rushing through my mind . A memory is based on something that has happened before to a person. How would a person smile when they remember something they like. What do you think the author means when he says memories came rushing through my mind ? Turn and Talk.

13. My mother had moved here as a child of five years old from their old house in Chicago. She loved living here in the country. She use to tell me of swinging on an old tire hung by a rope from a tree. Well, I wonder if that is the tree over yonder. “Look the old rope is still there,” I called to the air. When I was but five years old, I remember coming to visit grandmother. She would be sitting on the porch in her rocker just knitting and singing. “I’ll fly away, oh glory, I’ll fly away,” I mumbled the words still remembering the old hymn she loved so much. My face lit up with the warmth of these remembrances. Fifty years had gone by, but it was as though it were yesterday. ∞ Have you ever moved far away from your house? What do you think it would look like if you went back? The house looked to be in fairly good shape. It needed a coat of paint and a few boards had come loose. Otherwise, it had survived the years rather well. Mr. Corbin told me the last people to live at Shiloh Valley were the Hendricks. They had both been dead now only a couple of years. I guess they did right well by the place. It looked better than I had supposed. I opened the door and grabbed my box of supplies and began up the steps. The movers would be here in a week. There was a lot to be done in such a short time. I had come home. What do you think the person is going to do with the house?

15. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Strategies Used: TPR Cooperative Learning Visualization Alternative Text

16. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Preview View Review David and Yvonne Freeman, Closing the Achievement Gap and others.

17. Preview Using Story Mapping Build schema with Visual Anchor Visual Transference

18. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh

20. Connected Comprehension Instruction The Keys to Comprehension Instruction is getting students to THINK! Literacy by Design, Rigby, Linda Hoyt, 2008

21. 1. Read, Cover, Remember, Retell 2. Say Something 3. Partner Jigsaw 4. Two-Word 5. Reverse Think-Aloud Interactive Reading Techniques The Power of Peer Learning Literacy by Design, Rigby, Linda Hoyt, 2008

22. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Visualization And Creating Schema

24. The Work of J R Anderson Sensory Memory Working Memory Discards OR Permanent Memory Files Anderson, J.R. (1995). Learning and memory: An integrated approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons How Does The Brain Work?

26. How About Now? What Schema Do You Have For This Picture? Can you transfer your learning? Can you adopt new schemes for this if I give you information?

29. Comforting - Something or someone that is comforting makes you feel good when you are sad or hurt. Beck & McKeown, Elements of Reading Vocabulary, Steck Vaughn, 2004 Further explain by putting the word in a context. A warm cup of tea is comforting when my throat hurts. My dog feels comforting when I am hurt.

32. By creating the visual representation, they are making the learning concrete by making permanent memory files. Why is this important?

34. Do Not Under-estimate the power of a picture. The Heart of the Tulip By Keith Pruitt

36. scheming The cats were scheming against the birds.

37. Invisible Beck and McKeown, Elements of Reading Vocabulary, Steck Vaughn, 2004

38. Fatigue The bear was very fatigued from walking so far.

39. Icon Michael Phelps is an Icon of Olympic swimming.

40. Spider Would this be helpful in a Science lesson? ©Keith Pruitt, Art by Keith

42. Reflection allows a refinement of understanding. It permits the memory file to be adjusted to incorporate new understandings.

43. http://www.gamequarium.com/evocabulary.html http://eslbears.homestead.com/Contact_Info.html http://www.manythings.org/lulu/

44. Games on Facebook

46. EAT ATE Will Eat A Graphic Way of Showing Tense Past Present Future

47. Use graphic organizers to help students use the words in meaningful contexts Drinking warm tea when my throat hurts Holding my cat in my lap A warm blanket on a cold night Comforting

48. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Use Slam Board greedy chunky formulated marginal fleet

49. Check the box that matches the meaning of the word at the top comforting Sandpaper A blanket Being hit Versatile Sing and dance Play piano Read a book Companionship A stranger Someone in Another city A Pet Fashionable Hoop Skirt Tailored suit Coveralls

51. So work becomes Works Worker Worked Working Will Work Labor Job Employment Exert Lazy A Word Tree Starts with Base Word

53. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh You Try It Here are some common words taught. What other words may we teach in conjunction with these: Glimmer Vast Artistic Disturb

56. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh After modeling a sorting activity with students, in centers have students do sorting activities on dry erase boards, on magnetic boards, or using a card sort activity. Remember, practice is the key to ownership.

57. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Using Alternative Text What is the Zone of Proximal Development and what role does it play in selecting text for students? TURN and TALK

59. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Leveling Systems Hirschian System- Below On Above Categorical System- A B C= Kindergarten Incremental System- Read. Recovery, PM 3 C Pre-primer Kinder 2 C Readiness Kinder 1 B Readiness Kinder A B A Readiness Kinder

60. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Increasing Fluency is A Matter Of Practice!

61. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Does Fluency Make A Difference? The teacher said the principal is the best in the district. What is the meaning?

62. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Does Fluency Make A Difference? “ The teacher,” said the principal “is the best in the district.” What is the meaning?

63. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Recipe for Fluency Success Step 1: Read the story to children. Step 2: Have students listen to story with CD or cassette Step 3: Have student read 1 minute reading to teacher Step 4: Have students buddy read Step 5: Students should read to themselves Based on Tim Shanahan model, Elements of Reading Fluency, Steck Vaughn, 2004

64. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Goals for Reading If students read 1 book a week=32 books/yr If students read 2 books a week=64 books/yr If students read 3 books a week=96 books/yr If each book averages 130 words, how many new words would they read at 1:10. Building stamina builds vocabulary, fluency and comprehension.

65. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Consider what it is like to be an ELL student struggling to make meaning of what is being said in the classroom.

66. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Cummins’ Interdependence Theory To the extent that instruction in Lx is effective in promoting proficiency in Lx, transfer of this proficiency to Ly will occur provided there is adequate exposure to Ly (either in school or environment) and adequate motivation to learn Ly. --J. Cummins, 1981. “The Role of Primary Language Development in Promoting Educational Success for Language Minority Students.” In Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework . P. 29

68. Background Transfer Chart CLOCK CUP FORK Is This In My Language? What I Know About Word English Word

69. Background Transfer Chart CLOCK CUP FORK 叉 ; 耙 Eat 杯子 Drink coffee 时钟 Tell Time Is This In My Language? What I Know About Word English Word

70. Background Transfer Chart CLOCK CUP FORK tenedor Food copa Coca reloj Time Is This In My Language? What I Know About Word English Word

73. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Today’s discussion has begun a process. What teachers do in the classroom makes all the difference. We can not loose our focus!

74. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh

75. The Teacher I taught a child to read today, Aren’t I a lucky soul; And now a world has opened up, The child can now be whole. He’ll run and play as others do, But more will be his call; By opening up a book at play, He’ll stand so sure and tall. A preacher, teacher, scientist perhaps, Someday his task will be; But it all began one simple day, When I taught Joe how to read . Keith Pruitt ©2009

76. Words of Wisdom Educational Consulting Keith Pruitt www.educationalconsulting.com www.myspace.com/wowedu