The document discusses the different types of tenses in English grammar. It outlines the three main tenses - present, past and future - and provides details on the structure and usage of the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past continuous, past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses. Examples are given for each tense.

1. English Grammar
Tense and Its Types
By – Shri. Khodave Dnyaneshwar
M.A. (English), M.Ed., SET
Shardabai Pawar College of Education
for Women, Shardanagar.

2. Tense
• Three Types
• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

3. Present Tense
• Simple Present Tense
– Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense

4. Simple Present Tense
• Structure
• Subject + Main Verb + Object
• S (third person, Singular) + MV-s/es + O
• I play badminton. We play badminton.
• You play badminton.
• He plays badminton.
• She plays badminton.
• It plays badminton. They play badminton.

5. Simple Present Tense
• Used to express custom or habit
• To express what is actually happening
• To express general Truths

6. Present Continuous
• Structure -
• Subject + am/is/are + V-ing + object
• I am writing a letter. We are writing a letter.
• You are writing a letter.
• He is writing a letter.
• She is writing a letter.
• It is writing a letter. They are writing a letter.

7. Present Perfect
• Structure –
• Subject + have/has + PPT of MV + Object
• I have sung in many countries.
• We have sung in many countries.
• You have sung in many countries.
• He/She/It has sung in many countries.
• They have sung in many countries.

8. Present Perfect
• Used to talk about completed action
• To refer to an action that began in the past
and is still going on at the time of
speaking

9. Present Perfect Continuous
• Structure
• S + have/has + been + V-ing + object
• I have been writing letters.
• We have been writing letters.
• Your have been writing letters.
• He/she/it has been writing letters.
• They have been writing letters.

10. Present Perfect
• This tense is used to indicated that the
action has been going on continuously
over a period of time starting in the past
and continuing up to the present.

11. Simple Past Tense
• Structure-
• Subject + Past Tense of MV + Object
• I played Cricket.
• We played Cricket.
• You played Cricket.
• He/ She/ It played Cricket.
• They played Cricket.

12. Simple Past Tense
• Used to express actions which have been
finished before the time of speaking.
• To express some past habit.

13. Past Continuous Tense
• Structure-
• Subject + was/ were + V-ing + object
• I was reading a book.
• We were reading a book.
• You were reading a book.
• He/ She/ It was reading a book.
• They were reading a book .

14. Past Continuous Tense
• Used to express an action in progress at
some moment before the time of
speaking.
• To refer to repeated actions in past with
always or forever.
• e.g. Anuja and Sheela were forever
fighting about their possessions.

15. Past Perfect Tense
• Structure
• Subject + Had + PPT of MV + Object
• I had finished my homework.
• We had finished our homework.
• You had finished your homework.
• He/ She/ It had finished his/ her/ its
homework.
• They had finished their homework.

16. Past Perfect Tense
• The Past Perfect is used when we wish to
say that some action had been completed
before another was started.
• For example.
• We had eaten our dinner before the
guests arrived.

17. Past Perfect Continuous
• Structure-
• Subject + had +been + V-ing + object
• I had been playing Cricket.
• We had been playing Cricket.
• You had been playing Cricket.
• He/ She/ It had been playing Cricket.
• They had been playing Cricket.

18. Past Perfect Continuous
• The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is
used to refer to an action which had been
going on continuously up to that time in
the past that we are talking about.
• For example- My father had been
managing the factory for thirty years
before he retired.