This document discusses gerunds and their usage. It begins by defining a gerund as a verbal ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. It then lists several functions of gerunds including as the subject of a verb, direct object, object of a preposition, after possessive nouns, and after certain verbs. Several examples are provided to illustrate gerunds functioning as subjects, direct objects, and objects of prepositions. The document concludes by listing six functions of gerunds and providing additional examples.

1. GERUNDS
Group 8
Member :
1. Anis Dwis Cahyani (05)
2. Frestiany Regina Putri (11)
3. Purwaning Puspitasari (22)
4. Tri Herlina Sari Rahayu (27)

2. What a Gerunds?
Usibility Gerunds
Gerunds as the Subject of a Verb, as Direct
Object, as the Object of a Preposition
Funtion of Gerunds

3. Gerunds… say what?
BACK
A gerund is a verbal that ends in –ing
and functions as a noun.
Gerunds can be used as a subject, direct
object, subject complement, and object
of preposition because it functions as a
noun.

4. Usibility Gerunds
BACK
The gerund can be used:
1. As the subject of a verb
2. As the object of a verb
3. As the object of a preposition
4. After a possessive or the possessive form
of nouns
5. After certain verbs
6. Special combination
7. Formed by adding “not” before it.

5. Gerunds as a Subject
When a gerund is used as the subject of a verb,
it is placed at the beginning of a sentence.
Reading romantic novels is my favourite pastime.
Smoking is hazardous to health.
Climbing mountains can be dangerous if we are not careful.
Walking from here to the local supermarket takes only five
minutes.
Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
In this sentence we see that traveling is the subject of
satisfy

6. Gerund as a Direct Object
When a gerund is used as the object of a verb
in a sentence, it is placed after the verb.
She tried to avoid getting involved in their quarrels.
He enjoys acting.
Mary disliked listening to pop music.
They hate eating fatty foods.
We all enjoy reading a good book.
They appreciate my singing.
Singing is used as a direct object because it answers the
question of the verb (what are they appreciating? Singing).

7. Gerunds as Object of Preposition
A gerund can also be used as the object of a preposition.
In this case, the gerund follows the preposition.
My brother is thinking of changing his job.
She is fed up with teaching English.
I look forward to seeing you in the summer.
I was interested in painting.
He persisted in carrying out the plan.
The police arrested him for speeding.
Speeding is the object of for in this example because it is
explaining the preposition (for what? For speeding.)
BACK

8. Funtion of Gerunds
Gerunds have several funtion, as follows.
1. When a verb serves as a subject of a sentence, it should be in the
–ing form (gerund).
Example :
Reading is a good hobby.
2. A gerund can also serve as a complement.
Example :
Marco’s hobby is reading.
3. A verb after a preposition must be in the –ing form (gerund).
Example :
Danu is very good at dancing k-pop dances.

9. 4. A gerund is used after certain verb, such as avoid, consider,
dislike, enjoy, finish, forgive, involve, keep, miss, prevent, remain,
save, start and stop.
Example :
You’re little brother enjoys eating ice cream.
5. A gerund is used after certain phrasal verb, such as look forward
to, to be accustomed to, to get around to and to be used to.
Example :
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
6. A gerund is used after certain expressions, such as can’t help,
can’t stand, it’s no use, and to be worth.
Example :
I can’t help seeing uncle and aunty.

10. Quiz Time
•Daniel started doing his homework at 12:30
PM.
•He apologized for being late.
•He insisted on speaking to the manager
because there was a fly in his.
•She made plans for leaving home to go to Fiji.