2. Gerund adalah bentuk verb- ing dari kata kerja
yang di fungsikan sebagai kata benda ( noun ).
Gerund berbentuk sama dengan present
participle, tetapi mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda,
dan juga bukan berarti sedang.
3. THE USING OF GERUNDTHE USING OF GERUND
1. As the subject of the sentence.
Examples :
1. Reading is my hobby.
2. Smoking is bad for your health.
3. Running is good for your health.
4. Teaching is a noble profession.
4. 2. As The direct object of the
sentence.
Examples :
1.He loves hunting.
2.They finish speaking.
3.I don’t like smoking.
4.Susan and Maria enjoy dancing.
5. 3. As the Subject of Complement.
Examples :
1. One of his worst habit is telling lies.
2. What she like is watching the children
play.
3. My favorite spare time is singing.
4. Her hobby is writing.
6. 4. Digunakan dibelakang “NO….“ membentuk
kalimat pendek yang menyatakan larangan
atau peringatan.
Examples :
1. No parking !
2. No smoking !
3. No loitering !
4. No spitting !
7. 5. Digunakan sebagai Appositive
(keterangan tambahan) dalam suatu
kalimat.
Examples :
1. He has a bad habit, gambling.
2. That difficult work, sawing hard wood makes him
exhausted.
3. Her hobby, swimming, has helped to keep her
healthy.
8. 6. Di gunakan dibelakang Possessive
Pronoun
Examples :
1. I don’t mind your living here.
2. You can understand his feeling angry.
9. 7. Digunakan setelah kata depan
(preposition), seperti: without, after,
before, about, by etc.
Examples :
1. Before leaving the house, I locked the door.
2. After washing the rice, Mary cook it.
3. They are interested in painting
NOTE:
prep·os·ition ;noun
(grammar) a word or group of words, such as in, for, by, on, at, of, with,
between, among, from, to, out of and on behalf of(atas nama), used before
a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method
10. 8. Digunakan setelah
Verb + PrepositionVerb + Preposition
accused of insist on worry aboutaccused of insist on worry about
approve of keep on think ofapprove of keep on think of
count on put off etc.count on put off etc.
depend on rely ondepend on rely on
give up succeed ingive up succeed in
go on dream aboutgo on dream about
11. 9. Digunakan setelah
Adjective + PrepositionAdjective + Preposition
accustomed to capable of successful inaccustomed to capable of successful in
afraid of intent on sorry forafraid of intent on sorry for
fond of interested in tired offond of interested in tired of
12. Examples :
1. I am tired of doing the work again.
2. He goes out without saying anything.
3. Mary is fond of dancing.
4. We are interested in reading this book.
5. Ali is intent on finishing school next year.
6. I am sorry for waking you up.
13. 10. Digunakan setelah
Noun + PrepositionNoun + Preposition
choice of intention of reason forchoice of intention of reason for
excuse of possibility of honour ofexcuse of possibility of honour of
method of art of habit ofmethod of art of habit of
idea of importance of chance ofidea of importance of chance of
14. Examples :
1. There’s a reason for living so early.
2. John has no excuse for dropping out of
school.
3. I don’t like the idea of spending so much
money.
4. She is glad to have this opportunity of
coming to visit your country
15. 11. Di gunakan setelah kata kerja (verb) tertentu,
berikut ini :
admit advise keep discussadmit advise keep discuss
mention stop mind suggestmention stop mind suggest
avoid enjoy miss completeavoid enjoy miss complete
finish remember understand etc.finish remember understand etc.
16. Examples :
1. They enjoy playing football.
2. I can’t stop falling in love with you.
3. Would you mind opening the window?
4. She avoids answering my question.
5. I wanted to go to Mexico. But Sally
suggested going to Hawaii.
17. 12. Digunakan untuk menyatakan ungkapan
tertentu (idiomatic expression )yang
menunjukan kegiatan rekreasi dengan pola
.
Go + GerundGo + Gerund
Go camping go hiking go dancingGo camping go hiking go dancing
Go fishing go swimming go huntingGo fishing go swimming go hunting
Go sailing go shopping go skiingGo sailing go shopping go skiing
18. Examples :
1. Do you go shopping on Sunday ?
2. We went fishing yesterday.
3. Did you go sailing last week ?
4. She will go camping next week.
19. 13. Sebagai13. Sebagai modifiermodifier (yang menerangkan)(yang menerangkan)
Contoh:
- Parking area (tempat parkir)
- Waiting room (ruang tamu)
- Swimming pool (kolam renang)
20. Adapun cara membentukAdapun cara membentuk
verb-ing adalah sebagai berikut.verb-ing adalah sebagai berikut.
A. Jika base form (verb-1) berakhiran –e ,
maka –e dibuang baru di tambahkan
akhiran –ing.
contoh:
Come coming
Write writing
21. B. Jika base form berakhiran –ee, maka
langsung ditambahkan –ing.
contoh:
agree agreeing
see seeing
22. C. Jika base form berakhiran huruf
konsonan (selain h, w, x, y) yang
didahului oleh satu huruf vokal dalam
satu suku kata, maka huruf konsonan
ditulis dobel, abaru kemudian ditambah
–ing.
contoh:
beg begging
stop stopping
23. D. Jika base form berakhiran huruf
konsonan (selain h, w, x, y) yang
didahului oleh satu huruf vokal dalam
kata yang tekanan pengucapannya pada
suku kata terakhir, maka huruf konsonan
ditulis dobel, baru kemudian
ditambahkan –ing.
contoh:
begin beginning
permit permitting
24. E. Beberapa verb yang base form-nya
berakhiran –ie, maka –ie diganti –y,
maka kemudian ditambahkan –ing.
contoh:
die dying
lie lying
25. F. Verb yang berakhiran –y tidak mengalami
perubahan, melainkan tinggal langsung
ditambahkan –ing.
Contoh:
carry carrying
enjoy enjoying
26. G. Verb lain yang mempunyai bentuk selain
dari yang disebutkan di atas, langsung
ditambahkan –ing.
27. CATATAN :CATATAN :
A. Gerund mempunyai karakter seperti
Verb. Karakter “verb” yang dimiliki
gerund adalah sebagai berikut:
28. 1. Gerund dapat mempunyai objek (jika
berasal dari transitive verb)
Contoh:
His job is teaching English.
“English” adalah objek dari “teaching”
29. 2. Gerund dapat mempunyai subject
complement (jika berasal dari
linking verb).
Contoh:
Congratulations on your becoming
a doctor.
“a doctor” adalah complement dari
“becoming”.
30. 3. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh adverb.
contoh:
He feels fresh after sleeping soundly.
“soundly” adalah adverb yang menerangkan
“sleeping”.
31. B. Gerund mempunyai karakter seperti
Noun. Karakter “noun” yang dimiliki
gerund adalah sebagai berikut:
32. 1. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh adjective.
Contoh:
My grandmother likes my slow driving.
“slow” adalah adjective yang menerangkan
“driving”.
33. 2. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh possessive
pronoun.
contoh:
Your singing is beautiful.
‘Your” adalah possesive pronoun yang
menerangkan “singing”
34. 3. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh possessive
noun.
contoh:
He is interested in Anna’s smiling.
“Anna’s” adalah possessive noun yang
menerangkan “smiling”.
35. 4. Beberapa gerund mempunyai bentuk
jamak.
contoh:
blessing blessings
wedding weddings
36. 5. Gerund dapat digunakan dalam ungkapan
yang menunjukkan larangan singkat (short
prohibition).
contoh:
No smoking (dilarang merokok)
No fishing (dilarang memancing)
37. Exercises :
1. My sister is interested in…………….
choreography.
a. learn
b. learns
c. learning
d. to learn
38. Key : C
My sister is interested in learning
choreography.
Using gerund as the object of preposition.
39. 2. The police kept on……..questions
to the witnesses to find out the
truth.
a. ask
b. to ask
c. asked
d. asking
40. Key : D
The police kept on asking question to the
witnesses to find out the report.
Using gerund as the object of
preposition.
41. 3. Bagas : What kind of activities do you
like to do ?
Sita : …… is my favourite activity.
Bagas : That’s wonderful
a. be cooked
b. cook
c. cooked
d. cooking
42. Key : D
cooking is a gerund.
It is used as the subject of the
sentences.
43. 4. The chairman always minds to answer
A B
his phone when the secretary is out.
C D
44. Key : B .
Answering.
Use the gerund form after the verb
mind.
45. 5. The committee postpone…….until
tomorrow.
a. to vote
b. voted
c. vote
d. voting
46. Key : D.
Voting
Use the gerund form after the verb
postponed
47. 6. The president considered ……a train
instead of a plain.
a. taking
b. will take
c. taken
d. to take
48. Key : A .
The president considered taking a
train instead of a plane.
Considered is followed by the gerund.
49. 7. Although Mr. Arief could not attend, he
A B
appreciated to receive an invitation
C D
50. Key : C .
Receiving.
Appreciated is followed by gerund .
51. 8. Mr. Jauhari suggested to illustrate the
A
presentation with charts and graph
B C D
Key : A
Illustrating
