This document discusses gerunds, which are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. It defines gerunds and explains that they can serve different functions within a sentence as the subject, direct object, subject complement, object of a preposition, or in an appositive phrase. Examples are provided to illustrate each function. The document also provides exercises for identifying gerunds versus verbs and determining the function of gerunds in sentences.

1. Gerund and Its Functions

2. “I like…”
Look at the pictures and tell the hobbies describing them.
Make a sentence using the phrase “I like…”

3. I like…

4. I like…

5. I like…

6. What is Gerund?
Gerunds are the -ing forms of verbs that are
functioning as nouns in a sentence. They show action or
a state of being.

7. What is Gerund?
Gerunds also appear in gerund phrases, which combine the
gerund with other words that add additional information.
For example, the phrase “sprinting across the field” is a gerund
phrase. Both gerunds and gerund phrases work the same way and
have four variations in regard to how they function within a
sentence: subject of the sentence, direct object of the sentence,
subject complement, object of a preposition and appositive.

8. Different Functions of Gerund

9. Gerunds as the Subject of the Sentence
Gerunds can take on the role of the subject of a
sentence.
A subject represents what or whom the sentence is
about.

10. Example:
Sleeping is my favorite activity.
“Sleeping” is a gerund that works as the subject of the
sentence.

11. Gerunds as the Direct Object of the Sentence
Gerunds can work as direct objects in a sentence.
Direct objects are words or phrases that receive the
actions performed by the verb.

12. Example:
My dog likes napping.
In the sentence, the gerund “napping” tells us what the
dog likes. “Napping” receives the action of “likes.” What
does the dog like? The dog likes napping.

13. Gerunds as the Subject Complement
Gerunds may also function as subject complements in
sentences.
Subject complements are words or phrases that rename
the subject of the sentence or describe it with more
details.

14. Example:
The exam was frustrating.
“Frustrating” work as subject complements. It tell the us
what the exam was—in this case, frustrating.

15. Gerunds as the Object of a Preposition
Gerunds can be the object of a preposition.
A preposition is a word or word phrase used before
nouns or noun phrases to describe qualities such as
direction, location, time, or spatial position. An object of
a preposition is the word that comes after the
preposition and describes the who, what, when, why, or
how of that preposition.

16. Example:
I have to go home after exercising.
In the sentence, the gerund “exercising” helps tell us
when specifically I will go home. When will I go home?
After exercising.

17. Gerund use as Appositive
Appositive is a noun renaming another noun. It is
always separated from the others words in the sentence
by commas.

18. Examples:
Leslie's passion, cooking, added to her meager income as a
medical technologist.
Stress relievers, such as singing, is good for the heart.

19. Gerund or Verb

20. Identify whether the word used in the
sentence is gerund or verb.
1. His favorite activity, painting, makes him happy.
2. Diana loves planting trees.
3. Mum is cooking delicious meal for lunch.
4. Singing is her passion.
5. Holidays are perfect for visiting family.
6. The children are planting trees.

21. Identify the function of gerunds in the
sentence.
1. Cooking is her favorite hobby.
2. Jena’s favorite hobby, cooking, helps her to release stress.
3. She release her stress by cooking.
4. Jena and friends loves cooking.
5. All that matters to her is cooking.