Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. They can be subjects, objects, or objects of prepositions. To form gerunds, add "-ing" to the base form of the verb. Examples of gerunds used as subjects include "dancing is fun" and "cooking is my hobby." Gerunds can also be objects, such as "I enjoy learning English" or "he does boxing in the gym." Prepositions can also take gerund objects, like "my love for reading."

1. Gerunds are words that are
formed with verbs but act
as nouns.

2. To form gerunds, use the base form + ing
(don’t’ forget the rules for spelling of ing
form of verbs)
I enjoy learning English
To form negative gerunds, use
not + gerund
Not speaking English well is my
biggest problem in this country.

3. Gerunds used as subject
of the sentence.
Dancing is fun.

4. Gerunds used as subject of the sentence.
Complete the sentences with the gerund form of the
verbs in parentheses.
1. (cook) is one of her hobbies.
2. (cycle) is fun.
3. (Get) a good job is not easy.
4. (Find) a parking space is quite difficult in this
area.
5. (drive) becomes more and more expensive.
6. No (smoke) in this area.
7. (work) overtime is quite common in this company.
8. (eat) fruits and vegetables is good for your health.
9. (make) fun of other people is not nice.
10.(learn) about other cultures makes people more
tolerant.

5. Gerunds used as objects
Example
1.He enjoys working with children.
2. Lester does boxing in the gym twice a
week.
3. “I love going to the movies.”
4. The crowd did not appreciate her
singing.

6. 1. Dancing is great fun. →
2. She hates going out at night. →
3. Cooking is my hobby. →
4. Smoking is bad for your health. →
5. Do you enjoy swimming? →
6. Geocaching can be dangerous. →
7. Doing homework is boring. →
8. My favourite activity is using my smartphone.
→
9. Why don't you like writing essays? →
10.What he really likes is going by bike. →

7. 1. My cat's favorite activity is
sleeping. (Sleeping is the
gerund.)

8. 2. What I really like is travelling to
other countries.
3. My cats’ favorite occupation is
sleeping.
4. Jack’s daily exercise is running
laps.
5. Lester’s hobby is gardening on
her rooftop.

9. Gerunds as objects of prepositions:
My love for reading was immediate.
(preposition = for)
By reading, we can explore new
worlds. (preposition = by)

10. Gerunds as objects of prepositions:
The police arrested him for
speeding. (Speeding is the gerund.)

11. “The best form of exercise, walking, is also
the least expensive.”
Walking is the gerund in this sentence and
acts as an appositive explaining the best
form of exercise.

12. “Low-impact sports, like riding a bike,
cause less stress on your knees.”
Riding a bike is the gerund phrase in this
sentence and gives an example of a low-
impact sport.

13. My passion, helping people,
gives me satisfaction.
Sean’s goal in life, becoming a criminal
lawyer, will be achieved this year.

14. Convert the following verbs to gerund and
construct sentences using its varied function.
1. Run 6. heat
2. Buy 7. sit
3. Sell 8. let
4. Ask 9. see
5. Wait 10. cook