This document discusses gerunds, which are verbal nouns ending in "ing" that can function as subjects or objects in sentences. Gerunds emphasize the action behind a noun. Some key facts are that gerunds look like verbs but function as nouns, and they enhance sentence meaning by highlighting actions. Examples show how gerunds draw attention to the action being described compared to regular nouns. The document concludes that gerunds emphasize living and working in sentences due to their ability to communicate the action behind a noun.

1. Grammar 101
Gerunds

2. Learning Objectives

To have a working knowledge of what Gerunds
are and to avoid the mistake of interpretating
them as verbs.

To learn how to use Gerunds in sentence
constructions so as to enhance their intended
meanings.

3. Introduction

Read the following sentences and say whether
they are grammatical or not.
“She is practising speaking English for her exams
next week.”
“I wonder at his keeping calm.”
“All I can do is waiting.”
Do you think these are grammatical sentences?
Hint: They all contain gerunds.

4. Introduction
The answer, for all the sentences, is a resounding
'Yes!'
Some facts about gerunds:
1) They look like verbs with the 'ing' participle.
2) Hence, they are called verbal nouns.
3) They can either be the subject or the object in a
sentence.
4) They enhance the overall meaning of your
sentences.

5. More about Gerunds
Gerund ends with 'ing' and can act as a sentence's
subject or object. Hence, gerund is often called
a Verbal Noun as it has the form of a verb but
functions as a noun.
Gerunds as Subjects:
1) Swimming helps me to keep fit.
2) Reading expands one's horizons.
Gerunds as Objects:
1) Peter loves jogging.
2) Dave loves watching movies.

6. Verbs and Gerunds
Since a gerund looks like a verb, it is sometimes
confusing telling the two apart. To overcome this,
determine whether the 'ing' participle is a modifier
to an action (verb) or a subject/object (gerund)
Gerunds: Swimming is fun. / I love swimming.
Verbs: She is swimming in a public pool. / He was
swimming when the skies turned dark.
As easily seen, gerunds act as subjects/objects while
verbs convey actions (supported by auxiliary verbs
'is' and 'was' in the above examples).

7. Gerunds in action
With a gerund, the subject/object takes on greater
emphasis; the 'action' behind the noun is clearer.
1) David accused his buddy James of stealing (gerund)
2) David accused his buddy James of theft (noun)
(The action stands out, emphasising the crime)
1) It's no use regretting past actions. (gerund)
2) It's no use to regret past actions. (verb)
(The action of regretting is highlighted by using a
gerund)

8. Gerunds in action
Gerunds in a paragraph:
'Readers of science fiction expect to be exposed to
a world different than our own. However,
certain physical rules and laws still apply in
daily living and working life for a sense of
credibility and coherence.'
In this case, the emphasis again, is on gerunds -
living and working.

9. In summary
1) Gerunds are actually nouns and as such, they
are able to take on roles as subjects or objects in
a sentence.
2) As they incorporate verbs with 'ing' participle,
they are able to better communicate the action
behind the noun.
3) Gerunds can help to enliven your sentences by
emphasising the actions.