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This document discusses behaviorism and some of its major theorists such as Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner. It explains that behaviorism views learning as occurring through conditioning in response to environmental stimuli without consideration of mental processes. It provides overviews of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs and Skinner's operant conditioning research using positive and negative reinforcement with rats. The document also notes some limitations of the behaviorist approach in not accounting for genetics or considering humans as more than machines.
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Behavioural theory of learning
This document summarizes two important theories of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a conditioned stimulus, until the conditioned stimulus comes to elicit the response on its own. Operant conditioning, proposed by B.F. Skinner, is based on the idea that learning is a function of changes in behavior due to consequences. Reinforcement and punishment are used to modify occurrences of behaviors.
Module 7 behaviorism
1) Behaviorism focuses on observable and measurable behavior and how behavior is learned through conditioning and reinforcement without consideration of internal mental processes.
2) Key figures in the development of behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner. Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, Thorndike proposed laws of learning, Watson conducted experiments on conditioning emotional responses, and Skinner developed operant conditioning.
3) Operant conditioning by Skinner built upon Thorndike's law of effect and involves reinforcement to shape behaviors through rewards or removal of unpleasant stimuli.
Behavioural approach to learning
1) Behaviourism is a learning theory that proposes that behaviour can be modified through consequences like reinforcement or punishment. It focuses on observable behaviours rather than internal mental states.
2) Classical conditioning involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Pavlov's famous experiment conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell was rung.
3) Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, is learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviours. Positive reinforcement strengthens behaviours by rewarding them, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour.
Behaviorist perspective report
The behaviorist perspective states that human behavior is learned through interaction with the environment rather than innate. Behaviorism focuses on observable and measurable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning and reinforcement. Key contributors to behaviorism include Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner. Skinner's operant conditioning emphasized how behaviors are reinforced or punished, shaping what behaviors are learned. Neobehaviorism incorporated some cognitive elements, exemplified by Tolman's purposive behaviorism and Bandura's social learning theory, which described observational learning.
Difference between oc and cc theory of learning
Classical conditioning involves the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, discovered by Ivan Pavlov in the early 1900s. Operant conditioning, coined by B.F. Skinner in 1938, explains how behaviors are modified by consequences like rewards. The key differences are that classical conditioning involves stimulus pairing and association, while operant conditioning involves response modification through consequences without stimulus pairing. Classical conditioning results in reflexes, while operant conditioning shapes external behaviors controlled by the central nervous system.
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This document provides an overview of behaviorism, a branch of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli. It discusses key theorists like Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner and experiments they conducted on conditioning. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to create a conditioned response. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. The document also briefly evaluates behaviorism, noting both its scientific advantages and limitations in only considering observable behaviors.
Behaviorism theory
Major theorists in behaviorism include John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, and Clark Hull. Behaviorism is based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, and can be studied systematically through interaction with the environment without consideration of internal mental states. The two major types of conditioning are classical conditioning, involving learned associations between stimuli, and operant conditioning, where behaviors are associated with consequences like rewards and punishments.
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This document discusses three types of behavioral learning theories: contiguity theory, classical conditioning theory, and operant conditioning theory. Contiguity theory proposes that stimuli and responses connected in time and space will form associations. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Operant conditioning examines how consequences impact voluntary behaviors. Examples of each theory in classroom contexts are provided.
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Module 7 behaviorism
1) Behaviorism focuses on observable and measurable behavior and how behavior is learned through conditioning and reinforcement without consideration of internal mental processes.
2) Key figures in the development of behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner. Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, Thorndike proposed laws of learning, Watson conducted experiments on conditioning emotional responses, and Skinner developed operant conditioning.
3) Operant conditioning by Skinner built upon Thorndike's law of effect and involves reinforcement to shape behaviors through rewards or removal of unpleasant stimuli.
Behavioural approach to learning
1) Behaviourism is a learning theory that proposes that behaviour can be modified through consequences like reinforcement or punishment. It focuses on observable behaviours rather than internal mental states.
2) Classical conditioning involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Pavlov's famous experiment conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell was rung.
3) Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, is learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviours. Positive reinforcement strengthens behaviours by rewarding them, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour.
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The behaviorist perspective states that human behavior is learned through interaction with the environment rather than innate. Behaviorism focuses on observable and measurable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning and reinforcement. Key contributors to behaviorism include Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner. Skinner's operant conditioning emphasized how behaviors are reinforced or punished, shaping what behaviors are learned. Neobehaviorism incorporated some cognitive elements, exemplified by Tolman's purposive behaviorism and Bandura's social learning theory, which described observational learning.
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Classical conditioning involves the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, discovered by Ivan Pavlov in the early 1900s. Operant conditioning, coined by B.F. Skinner in 1938, explains how behaviors are modified by consequences like rewards. The key differences are that classical conditioning involves stimulus pairing and association, while operant conditioning involves response modification through consequences without stimulus pairing. Classical conditioning results in reflexes, while operant conditioning shapes external behaviors controlled by the central nervous system.
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This document provides an overview of behaviorism, a branch of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli. It discusses key theorists like Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner and experiments they conducted on conditioning. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to create a conditioned response. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. The document also briefly evaluates behaviorism, noting both its scientific advantages and limitations in only considering observable behaviors.
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Pavlov's classical conditioning theory describes how neutral stimuli become conditioned stimuli through repeated pairing with unconditioned stimuli. Thorndike's theory of connectionism proposes that learning occurs through trial and error. Skinner's operant conditioning theory explains how behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment. Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and internal mental processes, with four phases: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
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J.B. Watson conducted an experiment on Little Albert to demonstrate that emotions can be learned through classical conditioning. Initially, Little Albert was not afraid of a white mouse but after repeatedly pairing the mouse with a loud startling sound, he learned to fear the mouse and other similar furry stimuli. This showed that a neutral stimulus (mouse) could become a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response of fear through association with an unconditioned stimulus (loud sound) that naturally provokes an emotion. Watson's theory suggested that all behaviors are learned through conditioning and positive behaviors can be taught using rewards as stimuli while avoiding punishments that cause negative effects.
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Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus (the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) for dogs. Through repeated pairings, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov's experiment demonstrated the learning process of classical conditioning and identified the key components of an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning principles like acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery help explain how associations are formed between stimuli and responses through learning.
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Burrhus Frederick Skinner was an influential American psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning from the 1930s-1960s. He developed operant conditioning through his work using animal subjects like pigeons and rats in what was known as a Skinner box. Skinner believed that behavior is shaped by reinforcement or reward rather than free will. Operant conditioning posits that learning is the result of changes in overt behavior due to responses to environmental stimuli. When a stimulus-response pattern is reinforced through reward, the individual learns to repeat that response. Reinforcers can be positive, like a reward added, or negative, like removing an unpleasant stimulus. Behavior is shaped through successive approximations using reinforcement.
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The document discusses various theories of learning, including:
- Non-associative learning (habituation, sensitization) vs. associative learning (classical and instrumental conditioning)
- Classical conditioning experiments by Pavlov showing that a neutral stimulus can become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairing
- Instrumental or operant conditioning experiments by Skinner showing that behaviors are reinforced or weakened by their consequences
- Cognitive learning involves understanding cause-and-effect relationships through mental strategies like mapping internal representations
Learning theories provide frameworks for understanding how human and animal behavior is acquired and changed through experience.
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This document discusses behaviorism, which originated from John B. Watson. It was developed further by B.F. Skinner through experiments with operant conditioning. Behaviorism views human behavior as something that can be studied objectively like animals. It focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. The document outlines some key people in behaviorism like Watson and Skinner. It also discusses the positives and negatives of behaviorism, such as how positive reinforcement can encourage learning but negative stereotypes could impair a student's experience.
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This document summarizes the key figures and theories of behaviorism. It discusses the founders and pioneers of behaviorism including John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Thorndike. For each figure, it provides biographical details and an overview of their major contributions and experiments, such as Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs and Skinner's operant conditioning research using positive and negative reinforcement. The document also defines behaviorism as focusing solely on observable behaviors and outlines some of the basic tenets of behaviorist learning theories like stimulus-response psychology and connectionism.
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Behaviorism is a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Some key contributors to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs; John B. Watson, who established behaviorism as a scientific approach and conducted experiments on conditioning with infants; and Edward Thorndike, who formulated the law of effect and conducted puzzle box experiments on animal learning. Behaviorism became a dominant approach in psychology from the 1920s through the 1950s and focused on stimulus-response learning through conditioning.
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Behaviorism is based on three key ideas:
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Pavlov's classical conditioning theory describes how neutral stimuli become conditioned stimuli through repeated pairing with unconditioned stimuli. Thorndike's theory of connectionism proposes that learning occurs through trial and error. Skinner's operant conditioning theory explains how behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment. Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and internal mental processes, with four phases: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
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This is in no way intended to constitute a proper introduction to this school of learning theory, but to accompany a selective discussion in class.It has been annotated so some of it can stand alone
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This slide will help learners to understand basics of classical conditioning theory given by Pavlov. It is among one of the initial learning theories.
Watson’s conditioning theory
J.B. Watson conducted an experiment on Little Albert to demonstrate that emotions can be learned through classical conditioning. Initially, Little Albert was not afraid of a white mouse but after repeatedly pairing the mouse with a loud startling sound, he learned to fear the mouse and other similar furry stimuli. This showed that a neutral stimulus (mouse) could become a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response of fear through association with an unconditioned stimulus (loud sound) that naturally provokes an emotion. Watson's theory suggested that all behaviors are learned through conditioning and positive behaviors can be taught using rewards as stimuli while avoiding punishments that cause negative effects.
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Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus (the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) for dogs. Through repeated pairings, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov's experiment demonstrated the learning process of classical conditioning and identified the key components of an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning principles like acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery help explain how associations are formed between stimuli and responses through learning.
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This document summarizes the behaviorist theory of psychology and its influences on education. It describes behaviorism as focusing on predicting and controlling human behavior through conditioning rather than introspection. The key figures who developed behaviorism - Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura - are discussed for their experiments and findings around classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. The document also explains how behaviorist principles of reinforcement and punishment are still applied in classrooms today through frequent testing and rewarding students for learning.
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B.F. Skinner was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism. Behaviorism views human behavior as responses to environmental stimuli and is learned through reinforcement or punishment. Skinner argued that behavior is shaped by consequences and that understanding behavior means examining relationships between actions and their effects. Key aspects of Skinner's theory included operant conditioning, the use of reinforcement to increase behaviors, and the view that language is learned through parental positive reinforcement of children's vocalizations. While behaviorism was influential, Skinner's theories were also criticized for overgeneralizing from limited experiments and not explaining more complex behaviors.
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Behaviorism is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning via interactions with the environment. Conditioning occurs through classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an innate response, and operant conditioning, where behaviors are reinforced or punished to increase or decrease the likelihood of their reoccurrence. Behaviorists focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences rather than internal mental states.
Behaviorist perspective
Burrhus Frederick Skinner was an influential American psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning from the 1930s-1960s. He developed operant conditioning through his work using animal subjects like pigeons and rats in what was known as a Skinner box. Skinner believed that behavior is shaped by reinforcement or reward rather than free will. Operant conditioning posits that learning is the result of changes in overt behavior due to responses to environmental stimuli. When a stimulus-response pattern is reinforced through reward, the individual learns to repeat that response. Reinforcers can be positive, like a reward added, or negative, like removing an unpleasant stimulus. Behavior is shaped through successive approximations using reinforcement.
THEORIES OF LEARNING
The document discusses various theories of learning, including:
- Non-associative learning (habituation, sensitization) vs. associative learning (classical and instrumental conditioning)
- Classical conditioning experiments by Pavlov showing that a neutral stimulus can become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairing
- Instrumental or operant conditioning experiments by Skinner showing that behaviors are reinforced or weakened by their consequences
- Cognitive learning involves understanding cause-and-effect relationships through mental strategies like mapping internal representations
Learning theories provide frameworks for understanding how human and animal behavior is acquired and changed through experience.
Behaviorism
This document discusses behaviorism, which originated from John B. Watson. It was developed further by B.F. Skinner through experiments with operant conditioning. Behaviorism views human behavior as something that can be studied objectively like animals. It focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. The document outlines some key people in behaviorism like Watson and Skinner. It also discusses the positives and negatives of behaviorism, such as how positive reinforcement can encourage learning but negative stereotypes could impair a student's experience.
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This document discusses behaviorism and how learning affects behavior according to behaviorist principles. It begins by defining behaviorism as focusing on learning as a change in external behavior achieved through repetition, rewards, and discouragement of bad habits. It then covers the major behaviorist theorists like Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner and their key contributions to classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves stimulus-response learning while operant conditioning involves reinforcement and punishment influencing behavior. The document discusses different types of reinforcement schedules and the dangers of overusing punishment in learning.
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Behaviorism is a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Some key contributors to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs; John B. Watson, who established behaviorism as a scientific approach and conducted experiments on conditioning with infants; and Edward Thorndike, who formulated the law of effect and conducted puzzle box experiments on animal learning. Behaviorism became a dominant approach in psychology from the 1920s through the 1950s and focused on stimulus-response learning through conditioning.
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This document discusses different theories of learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. Classical conditioning, introduced by Ivan Pavlov, is learning through repeated associations between a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Operant conditioning, proposed by B.F. Skinner, is learning through consequences after a response. Social learning theory is learning through observing and interacting with others in a social environment.
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Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist born in 1849 who conducted famous experiments on classical conditioning. His curiosity about reflexes led him to discover that organisms can learn associations between stimuli and responses. Pavlov proved that dogs could learn to associate the ringing of a bell with the delivery of food, causing them to salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov is now considered the founder of behaviorism and his work established psychology as an objective, experimental science. His discoveries influenced many other psychologists and expanded understanding of learning theories.
ASSOCIATIVE THEORIES OF LEARNING
The document discusses associative theories of learning, including:
- Classical conditioning proposed by Pavlov, which demonstrated that a neutral stimulus could elicit a conditioned response through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.
- Instrumental conditioning proposed by Thorndike, which showed that behaviors followed by reward or satisfaction are likely to be repeated.
- Operant conditioning proposed by Skinner, which emphasized that voluntary behaviors are strengthened through positive reinforcement or weakened by lack of reinforcement.
- These behaviorist theories view learning as the formation of stimulus-response connections and associations through conditioning principles.
ECLARIN, JOAN JOY J.-SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY (FUNCTIONALISM AND BEHAVIORISM).pdf
This document provides an overview of two major schools of psychology: functionalism and behaviorism. Functionalism views mental life and behavior as adaptations to the environment. It defines mental states by their functions rather than their composition. Behaviorism believes psychology should study observable behaviors and not unobservable mental events. It influenced education through conditioning techniques and emphasizing learning through repetition and reinforcement. The document outlines key theorists and concepts within each school.
Theories of learning
The document discusses several theories of learning:
1) Behavioral theories including Pavlov's classical conditioning, Thorndike's law of effect, and Skinner's operant conditioning which use reinforcement and consequences to shape behavior.
2) Social learning theory developed by Bandura which emphasizes learning from observing and modeling others, involving attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
3) Definitions of learning focus on acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes through experience that enables better adaptation. Learning is explained as a reflective process that develops understanding or changes mental processes.
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This document discusses the behaviorist theory in psychology and its influences on education. It describes behaviorism as focusing on predicting and controlling human behavior through reinforcement and conditioning rather than introspection. The key figures discussed are Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura, and their classic experiments involving classical conditioning of dogs, operant conditioning of pigeons, and social learning theory, respectively. The document also notes that behaviorist principles of reinforcement and punishment of behaviors are still used in some classrooms today.
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Functionalism considers mental life and behavior in terms of adapting to one's environment. It views mental states as being constituted by their causal relationships to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs. Functionalism contributed to education by emphasizing learning by doing, studying individual problems and their solutions, and understanding needs at different age levels. It also led to more practical approaches, child psychology research, and scientific inquiry in education. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and learning through stimulus-response associations and conditioning. It contributed new teaching methods like programmed learning and emphasized the impact of environment on growth. Behaviorism brought psychology from mentalism to a focus on learning and motivation.
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Behaviourism is a psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Some key behaviourist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning; Edward Thorndike, who introduced the law of effect and studied animal learning through puzzle boxes; John Watson, who promoted objective experimental methods and conducted controversial studies on humans; and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning and invented the Skinner box. Behaviourism views learning as occurring through conditioning processes involving stimuli, responses, and reinforcement or punishment.
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The behaviorist perspective states that human behavior is learned through conditioning and environmental influences, not innate. It focuses on observable and measurable behaviors and their causes. Major theorists included Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner. Pavlov studied classical conditioning, Thorndike proposed laws of learning, Watson conducted early human experiments, and Skinner developed operant conditioning based on reinforcement and punishment. Neobehaviorism incorporated cognitive elements, exemplified by Tolman's cognitive maps and goal-directed behavior and Bandura's social learning theory, which posited that people learn through observation and modeling.
Application of pavlovian conditioningto mizo
1) The study aimed to apply Pavlovian classical conditioning to everyday life in the Mizo population. Participants were shown a demonstration of Pavlovian conditioning and asked to provide examples from their own lives.
2) Several participants provided examples of learned associations forming between neutral stimuli and responses in daily routines, such as feeling hungry at 12:00pm from eating lunch daily at that time in university or expecting food upon hearing a bell that preceded meals at a hostel.
3) The investigator found that classical conditioning can be observed in everyday experiences across cultures, as the participants demonstrated conditioned responses to previously neutral stimuli without conscious awareness of the learned associations.
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The document discusses learning theories including behaviorism. Behaviorism defines learning as a change in behavior due to experience and conditioning. There are two types of conditioning - classical and operant. Classical conditioning involves linking a stimulus to a response, as shown in Pavlov's dog experiments. Operant conditioning occurs when a response is reinforced or punished, shaping behavior. Later theorists like Skinner expanded on operant conditioning principles through positive and negative reinforcement. While behaviorism provided a framework for understanding learning, it has also received criticism for disregarding internal mental processes.
behaviorism. n.pptx
This presentation explains the theory of Behaviorism in very simple words and not only the students but teachers can also benefit from this.
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- 1. C.S.I COLLEGE OF EDUCATION L. M.S COMPOUND PARASSALA NAME OF THE STUDENT SHAJINA J. S OPTIONAL SUBJECT ENGLISH
- 4. Behaviorism is a systematic approach to the understanding of human and animal behavior. The theory implies that the learner responds to environmental stimuli without his or her mental state being a factor in the learners behaviour. Individuals learn to behave through conditioning.
- 5. FAMOUS BEHAVIOURISTS IVAN PAVLOV EDWARD THORNDIKE JOHN WATSON B F SKINNER
- 6. JOHN B WATSON is often considered as the father of behaviourism. According to JOHN B WATSON behaviours can be measured ,trained and changed. According to Pavlov learning process consists of formation of association between stimuli and reflexive responses. Thorndike’s trail and error or behaviour connectionism showed how an organism tries out various possible responses to a stimulus situation until one proves to be appropriate. OVERVIEW
- 7. They believed in the objective study of behaviour . The chief emphasis was an environment. The method of learning was conditioning, which they believed to be the key to the understanding of behaviour.
- 8. SKINNERS’S OPERANT CONDITIONING Operant conditioning was developed by B.F. Skinner in 1937 and deals with the modification of "voluntary behaviour" or operant behaviour. Operant behavior operates on the environment and is maintained by its consequences. Reinforcement and punishment, the core tools of operant conditioning, are either positive (delivered following a response), or negative (withdrawn following a response). Skinner created the Skinner Box or operant conditioning chamber to test the effects of operant conditioning principles on rats.
- 9. From this study, he discovered that the rats learned very effectively if they were rewarded frequently. Skinner also found that he could shape the rats' behavior through the use of rewards, which could, in turn, be applied to human learning as well.
- 11. PAVLOV’S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Although operant conditioning plays the largest role in discussions of behavioral mechanisms, classical conditioning (or Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning) is also an important behavior-analytic process . Pavlov's experiments with dogs provide the most familiar example of the classical conditioning procedure. In simple conditioning, the dog was presented with a stimulus such as a light or a sound, and then food was placed in the dog's mouth. After a few repetitions of this sequence, the light or sound by itself caused the dog to salivate.
- 12. The idea of classical conditioning helped behaviorist John Watson discover the key mechanism behind how humans acquire the behaviors that they do, which was to find a natural reflex that produces the response being considered..
- 15. LIMITATIONS OR DRAWBACKS This approach doesnot consider the importance of genetic inheritance. This approach considers human beings as a machine. Experiments done on animals cannot have the same results in human beings in the social learning process.