The document discusses the key figures and concepts in behaviorism. It describes classical conditioning, which was investigated by Ivan Pavlov, and operant conditioning, which was studied by B.F. Skinner. Classical conditioning involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces a response with a conditioned stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus comes to elicit the response. Operant conditioning refers to how behaviors are reinforced or punished, which influences the likelihood they will occur again. The document also notes how behaviorism influenced ideas about teaching students through positive reinforcement of good behaviors.