This document summarizes an experimental study of earth batteries as an alternative energy source. Various metal combinations were tested as electrodes, with zinc-copper cells providing around 0.9 volts. Small electronic devices were successfully powered by individual cells. Increasing the number of cells in series increased the voltage output linearly, while connecting cells in parallel increased the current output. Further testing aimed to optimize electrode materials and configurations to increase power levels for potential applications in remote areas lacking electricity access.
This document provides an overview of coupled mechanical-electrochemical-thermal modeling efforts for lithium-ion batteries being conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The modeling aims to better understand the complex interactions between different physical phenomena occurring at different scales in batteries, in order to accelerate the design of improved batteries for electric vehicles. NREL has developed a multi-physics, multi-scale modeling framework called MSMD that accounts for electrochemical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical effects. The modeling work has included evaluating the impact of battery design parameters, understanding non-uniform utilization, and developing computer-aided engineering tools to simulate battery performance, life, and safety. Recent efforts have focused on coupled mechanical-electrochemical
This study offers an overview of the technologies for hydrogen production especially alkaline water electrolysis using solar energy. Solar Energy and Hydrogen (energy carrier) are possible replacement options for fossil fuel and its associated problems of availability and high prices which are devastating small, developing, oil-importing economies. But a major drawback to the full implementation of solar energy, in particular photovoltaic (PV), is the lowering of conversion efficiency of PV cells due to elevated cell temperatures while in operation. Also, hydrogen as an energy carrier must be produced in gaseous or liquid form before it can be used as fuel; but its‟ present major conversion process produces an abundance of carbon dioxide which is harming the environment through global warming. Alkaline water electrolysis is considered to be a basic technique for hydrogen production. In the present study, the effects of electrolyte concentration, solar insolation and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are experimentally investigated. The water electrolysis of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was conducted under atmospheric pressure using stainless steel 316 as electrodes.
The experimental results showed that the performance of alkaline water electrolysis unit is dominated by operational parameters like the electrolyte concentration and the gap between the electrodes. Smaller gaps between the pair of electrodes and was demonstrated to produce higher rates of hydrogen at higher system efficiency
This study shows some attempts to product pure Hydrogen and pure Oxygen as both Hydrogen and Oxygen have there commercial demands.
This document summarizes research into optimizing the design of lithium-ion battery cells for electric vehicles to minimize costs. The researchers created a cell model that can flexibly simulate different electrode designs and materials. Their analysis shows that matching a cell's power-to-energy ratio to the requirements of an electric vehicle leads to the lowest costs. However, providing a unique cell for each vehicle model would be impractical for automakers. Therefore, the researchers use an algorithm to determine the optimal number and specifications of cell types that can cost-effectively meet the needs of a range of vehicles. This modular battery design approach aims to help automakers and suppliers develop the most cost-competitive lithium-ion cell strategies.
Batteries play an essential role on most of the electrical equipment and electrical engineering tools. However, one of the drawbacks of lead acid batteries is PbSO4 accumulates on the battery plates, which significantly cause deterioration. Therefore, this study discusses the discharge capacity performance evaluation of the industrial lead acid battery. The selective method to improve the discharge capacity is using high current pulses method. This method is performed to restore the capacity of lead acid batteries that use a maximum direct current (DC) of up to 500 A produces instantaneous heat from 27°C to 48°C to dissolve the PbSO4 on the plates. This study uses an 840 Ah, 36 V flooded lead acid batteries for a forklift for the evaluation test. Besides, this paper explores the behavior of critical formation parameters, such as the discharge capacity of the cells. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the discharge capacity of the flooded lead acid battery can be increase by using high current pulses method. The comparative findings for the overall percentage of discharge capacity of the batteries improved from 68% to 99% after the restoration capacity.
This document reviews direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) and their challenges. DEFCs are a type of alkaline fuel cell that can use ethanol as a fuel. They have some advantages over direct methanol fuel cells, but also face challenges including slow electrocatalysis kinetics, ethanol crossover through membranes, and issues with water and heat management. Improvements have been made to catalysts, membrane materials, and cell designs, but further addressing these challenges is still needed to improve DEFC performance and durability.
Review of water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systemsIJECEIAES
The document summarizes research on water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. It discusses the basic concepts of PV/T systems and how nanofluids can improve performance by increasing thermal conductivity. Several studies are reviewed that show nanofluids can enhance the overall efficiency of PV/T systems compared to air or water alone as heat transfer fluids. Key factors like nanoparticle size and concentration, thermal conductivity, preparation methods, and optical properties are considered. The document concludes nanofluids aim to replace existing fluids due to limitations overcome by their improved thermal and optical characteristics.
A Lithium Ion Capacitor is a hybrid device which combines the intercalation mechanism of a Lithium battery with the [cathode] of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC).
This document summarizes an experimental study of earth batteries as an alternative energy source. Various metal combinations were tested as electrodes, with zinc-copper cells providing around 0.9 volts. Small electronic devices were successfully powered by individual cells. Increasing the number of cells in series increased the voltage output linearly, while connecting cells in parallel increased the current output. Further testing aimed to optimize electrode materials and configurations to increase power levels for potential applications in remote areas lacking electricity access.
This document provides an overview of coupled mechanical-electrochemical-thermal modeling efforts for lithium-ion batteries being conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The modeling aims to better understand the complex interactions between different physical phenomena occurring at different scales in batteries, in order to accelerate the design of improved batteries for electric vehicles. NREL has developed a multi-physics, multi-scale modeling framework called MSMD that accounts for electrochemical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical effects. The modeling work has included evaluating the impact of battery design parameters, understanding non-uniform utilization, and developing computer-aided engineering tools to simulate battery performance, life, and safety. Recent efforts have focused on coupled mechanical-electrochemical
This study offers an overview of the technologies for hydrogen production especially alkaline water electrolysis using solar energy. Solar Energy and Hydrogen (energy carrier) are possible replacement options for fossil fuel and its associated problems of availability and high prices which are devastating small, developing, oil-importing economies. But a major drawback to the full implementation of solar energy, in particular photovoltaic (PV), is the lowering of conversion efficiency of PV cells due to elevated cell temperatures while in operation. Also, hydrogen as an energy carrier must be produced in gaseous or liquid form before it can be used as fuel; but its‟ present major conversion process produces an abundance of carbon dioxide which is harming the environment through global warming. Alkaline water electrolysis is considered to be a basic technique for hydrogen production. In the present study, the effects of electrolyte concentration, solar insolation and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are experimentally investigated. The water electrolysis of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was conducted under atmospheric pressure using stainless steel 316 as electrodes.
The experimental results showed that the performance of alkaline water electrolysis unit is dominated by operational parameters like the electrolyte concentration and the gap between the electrodes. Smaller gaps between the pair of electrodes and was demonstrated to produce higher rates of hydrogen at higher system efficiency
This study shows some attempts to product pure Hydrogen and pure Oxygen as both Hydrogen and Oxygen have there commercial demands.
This document summarizes research into optimizing the design of lithium-ion battery cells for electric vehicles to minimize costs. The researchers created a cell model that can flexibly simulate different electrode designs and materials. Their analysis shows that matching a cell's power-to-energy ratio to the requirements of an electric vehicle leads to the lowest costs. However, providing a unique cell for each vehicle model would be impractical for automakers. Therefore, the researchers use an algorithm to determine the optimal number and specifications of cell types that can cost-effectively meet the needs of a range of vehicles. This modular battery design approach aims to help automakers and suppliers develop the most cost-competitive lithium-ion cell strategies.
Batteries play an essential role on most of the electrical equipment and electrical engineering tools. However, one of the drawbacks of lead acid batteries is PbSO4 accumulates on the battery plates, which significantly cause deterioration. Therefore, this study discusses the discharge capacity performance evaluation of the industrial lead acid battery. The selective method to improve the discharge capacity is using high current pulses method. This method is performed to restore the capacity of lead acid batteries that use a maximum direct current (DC) of up to 500 A produces instantaneous heat from 27°C to 48°C to dissolve the PbSO4 on the plates. This study uses an 840 Ah, 36 V flooded lead acid batteries for a forklift for the evaluation test. Besides, this paper explores the behavior of critical formation parameters, such as the discharge capacity of the cells. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the discharge capacity of the flooded lead acid battery can be increase by using high current pulses method. The comparative findings for the overall percentage of discharge capacity of the batteries improved from 68% to 99% after the restoration capacity.
This document reviews direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) and their challenges. DEFCs are a type of alkaline fuel cell that can use ethanol as a fuel. They have some advantages over direct methanol fuel cells, but also face challenges including slow electrocatalysis kinetics, ethanol crossover through membranes, and issues with water and heat management. Improvements have been made to catalysts, membrane materials, and cell designs, but further addressing these challenges is still needed to improve DEFC performance and durability.
Review of water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systemsIJECEIAES
The document summarizes research on water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. It discusses the basic concepts of PV/T systems and how nanofluids can improve performance by increasing thermal conductivity. Several studies are reviewed that show nanofluids can enhance the overall efficiency of PV/T systems compared to air or water alone as heat transfer fluids. Key factors like nanoparticle size and concentration, thermal conductivity, preparation methods, and optical properties are considered. The document concludes nanofluids aim to replace existing fluids due to limitations overcome by their improved thermal and optical characteristics.
A Lithium Ion Capacitor is a hybrid device which combines the intercalation mechanism of a Lithium battery with the [cathode] of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC).
1. The document describes a new nanohybrid material composed of polyoxomolybdate, polypyrrole, and graphene oxide for use as a high-power symmetric supercapacitor electrode.
2. The nanohybrid was synthesized via a one-pot reaction where polyoxomolybdate acted as an oxidizing agent to polymerize pyrrole monomers onto graphene oxide nanosheets.
3. Structural and morphological analysis showed the nanohybrid had an excellent architecture with good interfacial contact between components, enabling fast redox reactions for high capacitive performance.
This document discusses novel materials for batteries. It begins by introducing solid state batteries and the requirements for electrode materials, including low working potential, high specific capacity, good interface with electrolytes, and high electrode kinetics. It then discusses various materials that could be used as electrodes, including lithium carbon electrodes using graphite and graphite intercalation compounds. Different types of graphite like natural, synthetic, and HOPG are described. The document also discusses intercalation of lithium ions into carbon and potential carbon-sodium electrodes. Finally, it discusses various material classes like rutile, perovskite, and spinel materials that could be used as cathodes in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Specific
This document presents a lumped electro-thermal model for lithium-ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications. The model includes reversible and irreversible heat sources and considers heat transfer mechanisms. An experimental setup is used to collect voltage, current, and temperature data from lithium-ion pouch cells under different conditions. An equivalent circuit model is used to model cell voltage and parameters are estimated using a hybrid pulse power characterization test. The thermal model accounts for heat generated internally and conductive and convective heat transfer. The models are evaluated offline and in real-time using hardware-in-the-loop simulation.
There are three key types of fuel cells:
1) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) which have solid ceramic electrolytes and operate at high temperatures of 500-1000°C.
2) Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) which use a polymer membrane and operate at lower temperatures of 60-100°C.
3) Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) which use liquid phosphoric acid as the electrolyte and operate at 150-200°C.
SOFCs have the advantages of fuel flexibility, high efficiency, and no need for precious metal catalysts. However, challenges remain around durability at high operating temperatures.
IBM started the Battery 500 Project in 2009 to develop a lithium-air battery that could power an electric car for 500 miles. Lithium-air batteries have a much higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries, theoretically allowing an electric car to travel much farther on a single charge. However, earlier versions of lithium-air batteries were unstable and their lifetime was reduced after frequent recharging. IBM researchers have now developed an alternative electrolyte material that could stabilize the chemical reactions and allow for a working lithium-air battery prototype by 2013 and commercial batteries by 2020.
1. The document discusses different types of batteries - primary batteries that cannot be recharged, secondary batteries that can be recharged, and reserve batteries that have separated electrolytes.
2. It provides examples of different battery technologies like lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, zinc-air, lithium-ion batteries.
3. The key components and operating principles of batteries are explained along with characteristics like voltage, current, capacity, energy efficiency, cycle life, and shelf life.
Inkjet-printed graphene based supercapacitorletunglinh
This document summarizes research on developing flexible graphene-based supercapacitors using inkjet printing. It discusses how inkjet printing graphene electrodes onto flexible substrates can enable lightweight, customizable energy storage. The researchers printed graphene oxide ink onto Kapton polymer sheets, then reduced it to conductive graphene. An initial prototype flexible supercapacitor showed capacitance was maintained during bending, though specific capacitance was low due to resistance from the evaporated metal current collectors on the substrate. Further work is needed to address issues like thermal constraints and sealing to improve flexible supercapacitor performance.
The document describes a study that uses design of experiments (DoE) to optimize slurry-cast cathodes for solid-state batteries. Various combinations of polymer binder type and content and conductive carbon additive type and content were tested as cathode composites. Electrochemical and mechanical performance data from the experiments were analyzed using statistical software to identify optimal combinations. The predictions identified polyisobutene as the best binder and vapor-grown carbon fibers as the best additive to maximize specific capacity. Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and vapor-grown carbon fibers provided the best combination to maximize capacity retention. Additional tests were conducted to understand changes during cycling.
- The document discusses recovering waste heat from vehicle exhaust systems using thermoelectric generators.
- Thermoelectric generators use temperature differences to generate voltage and can convert some of the wasted heat from exhaust into usable electrical power.
- Simulations were conducted to analyze the surface temperatures of exhaust pipes and the potential power outputs of thermoelectric materials under various temperature ranges.
Nano batteries are batteries fabricated using nanotechnology. They have electrodes made of nanomaterials which allows lithium ions to move faster between electrodes during charging and discharging compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. This enables nano batteries to charge and discharge more quickly. Additionally, the use of nanomaterials prevents the formation of a solid electrolyte interface barrier that conventional batteries experience at high temperatures. Nano batteries could potentially be used in applications like electronics, defense, aerospace, industrial, and healthcare due to their faster charging capabilities and ability to operate at higher temperatures than conventional lithium-ion batteries.
This document discusses the synthesis of polymer-derived boron-doped rare earth stabilized bismuth oxide nanocomposites for solid oxide fuel cell applications. It outlines the use of electrospinning and polymeric precursor techniques to produce nanocomposites of bismuth oxide stabilized with rare earth elements such as dysprosium, yttrium, holmium, erbium, and lanthanum. The document discusses how these techniques can produce nanocomposites with improved properties including higher ionic conductivity and strength due to reduced grain sizes.
Hydrogen has many potential industrial applications but faces challenges in production, storage, and safety. It is primarily produced through steam methane reforming, which accounts for 48% of global hydrogen. Other methods include electrolysis and gasification of fossil fuels or biomass. Hydrogen is used in various industrial processes but storage remains an issue due to its low density. Further development is needed to establish hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier.
Electrochemical energy storage systems convert chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa through redox reactions. There are two main types: galvanic cells which convert chemical to electrical energy, and electrolytic cells which do the opposite. A basic electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte. Primary cells cannot be recharged, while secondary cells are rechargeable through reversible chemical reactions. Lithium-ion batteries have become widely popular due to their high energy density and lack of memory effect.
This presentation describes how use of judiciously selected Phase Change Materials can be used effectively to store energy and make it available when needed.
In a solar thermal application, typically sunlight is available in a 6-8 hour window from 8am to 4pm. However, the usage extends much beyond that. Phase Change Materials can be used to store energy for usage as required.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) directly convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. SOFCs operate at high temperatures between 600-1800°C using fuels like natural gas, methane or propane. The electrolyte is made of ceramic materials like zirconium and doped perovskite. SOFCs have efficiencies between 45-60% and costs around 2700 INR/KW. They produce clean energy, have modular construction and long lifetimes up to 100,000 hours. Challenges include reducing costs through lower material costs and operating temperatures while increasing power outputs.
Electrode size influence on static and dynamic single cell lead-acid batteryTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The document summarizes research on the effect of electrode size on the performance of static and dynamic single-cell lead-acid batteries. Three different electrode sizes were tested: 13.5x7.5 cm2, 22.5x7.5 cm2, and 32.5x7.5 cm2. Dynamic batteries, which had a continuously circulating electrolyte, performed better than static batteries, showing higher capacities up to 48% and efficiencies up to 17%. The largest electrode size of 32.5x7.5 cm2 produced the best results for dynamic batteries, with an average capacity of 10,357 mAh and average efficiency of 81%. Increasing the electrode size linearly increased battery capacity and performance metrics for
Challenges implementing Green Initiatives in Tall BuildingsTejwant Navalkar
We take a look at challenges in implementing Renewable Energy to meet Green Building Requirements in Tall buildings. This paper also suggests possible solutions to meet these challenges through a case study and makes a case to review the existing Green Building guidelines with respect to Renewable Energy to make to effective and socially relevant.
The document discusses the design of new cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries. It provides background on the development of batteries over time and describes the basic components and operation of lithium ion batteries. Current commercially used cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate are described. Research aims to develop new cathode materials with improved properties like higher energy density, longer lifespan, lower cost, and environmental friendliness. Promising candidates include olivine-based phosphates and transition metal oxides.
201006 studies on low cost and safe lithium ion batteries for electric vehiclexizhixia
1. The document discusses developing low-cost and safe lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles through employing a lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide cathode material synthesized via a hydrothermal technique.
2. Initial studies synthesized and characterized a lithium manganese oxide cathode material and conducted electrochemical testing of coin cells.
3. Ongoing work includes further cathode material synthesis and characterization, battery assembly, and characterization of assembled batteries.
This document discusses lithium-oxygen batteries as the next generation of energy storage technology. It summarizes that lithium-oxygen batteries have a theoretical energy density of around 13 kWh/kg, much higher than current lithium-ion batteries and internal combustion engines. However, challenges include the battery's structure, reaction kinetics, and internal resistance, which limit the practical energy density. The document proposes that using porous carbon nanofiber composites as the cathode material could help address these challenges by facilitating oxygen and ion diffusion, increasing reaction rates, and achieving higher discharge capacities. This research aims to develop lithium-oxygen batteries with mesoporous cathodes, high ionic and electrical conductivity, and catalysts to
Smart Cities presentation at the Renewable Energy Conference at Eilat EilotHaim R. Branisteanu
My presentation of "Smart Cities" storage at Eilat- Eilot Renewable Energy Conference, of course there are many comments and explanations to add to each slide in this presentation, including recent LCOE report form Australia (see also Clarifications for Peer to Peer Networks in “Smart Cities” document.)
My presentation at 7th International Renewable Energy Conference Eilat-Eilot Israel, November 2016 of course there are many comments and explanations to add to each slide in this presentation like $450 in savings per household See also Clarifications for
Peer to Peer Networks in “Smart Cities” Includes recent report from Australia
1. The document describes a new nanohybrid material composed of polyoxomolybdate, polypyrrole, and graphene oxide for use as a high-power symmetric supercapacitor electrode.
2. The nanohybrid was synthesized via a one-pot reaction where polyoxomolybdate acted as an oxidizing agent to polymerize pyrrole monomers onto graphene oxide nanosheets.
3. Structural and morphological analysis showed the nanohybrid had an excellent architecture with good interfacial contact between components, enabling fast redox reactions for high capacitive performance.
This document discusses novel materials for batteries. It begins by introducing solid state batteries and the requirements for electrode materials, including low working potential, high specific capacity, good interface with electrolytes, and high electrode kinetics. It then discusses various materials that could be used as electrodes, including lithium carbon electrodes using graphite and graphite intercalation compounds. Different types of graphite like natural, synthetic, and HOPG are described. The document also discusses intercalation of lithium ions into carbon and potential carbon-sodium electrodes. Finally, it discusses various material classes like rutile, perovskite, and spinel materials that could be used as cathodes in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Specific
This document presents a lumped electro-thermal model for lithium-ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications. The model includes reversible and irreversible heat sources and considers heat transfer mechanisms. An experimental setup is used to collect voltage, current, and temperature data from lithium-ion pouch cells under different conditions. An equivalent circuit model is used to model cell voltage and parameters are estimated using a hybrid pulse power characterization test. The thermal model accounts for heat generated internally and conductive and convective heat transfer. The models are evaluated offline and in real-time using hardware-in-the-loop simulation.
There are three key types of fuel cells:
1) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) which have solid ceramic electrolytes and operate at high temperatures of 500-1000°C.
2) Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) which use a polymer membrane and operate at lower temperatures of 60-100°C.
3) Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) which use liquid phosphoric acid as the electrolyte and operate at 150-200°C.
SOFCs have the advantages of fuel flexibility, high efficiency, and no need for precious metal catalysts. However, challenges remain around durability at high operating temperatures.
IBM started the Battery 500 Project in 2009 to develop a lithium-air battery that could power an electric car for 500 miles. Lithium-air batteries have a much higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries, theoretically allowing an electric car to travel much farther on a single charge. However, earlier versions of lithium-air batteries were unstable and their lifetime was reduced after frequent recharging. IBM researchers have now developed an alternative electrolyte material that could stabilize the chemical reactions and allow for a working lithium-air battery prototype by 2013 and commercial batteries by 2020.
1. The document discusses different types of batteries - primary batteries that cannot be recharged, secondary batteries that can be recharged, and reserve batteries that have separated electrolytes.
2. It provides examples of different battery technologies like lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, zinc-air, lithium-ion batteries.
3. The key components and operating principles of batteries are explained along with characteristics like voltage, current, capacity, energy efficiency, cycle life, and shelf life.
Inkjet-printed graphene based supercapacitorletunglinh
This document summarizes research on developing flexible graphene-based supercapacitors using inkjet printing. It discusses how inkjet printing graphene electrodes onto flexible substrates can enable lightweight, customizable energy storage. The researchers printed graphene oxide ink onto Kapton polymer sheets, then reduced it to conductive graphene. An initial prototype flexible supercapacitor showed capacitance was maintained during bending, though specific capacitance was low due to resistance from the evaporated metal current collectors on the substrate. Further work is needed to address issues like thermal constraints and sealing to improve flexible supercapacitor performance.
The document describes a study that uses design of experiments (DoE) to optimize slurry-cast cathodes for solid-state batteries. Various combinations of polymer binder type and content and conductive carbon additive type and content were tested as cathode composites. Electrochemical and mechanical performance data from the experiments were analyzed using statistical software to identify optimal combinations. The predictions identified polyisobutene as the best binder and vapor-grown carbon fibers as the best additive to maximize specific capacity. Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and vapor-grown carbon fibers provided the best combination to maximize capacity retention. Additional tests were conducted to understand changes during cycling.
- The document discusses recovering waste heat from vehicle exhaust systems using thermoelectric generators.
- Thermoelectric generators use temperature differences to generate voltage and can convert some of the wasted heat from exhaust into usable electrical power.
- Simulations were conducted to analyze the surface temperatures of exhaust pipes and the potential power outputs of thermoelectric materials under various temperature ranges.
Nano batteries are batteries fabricated using nanotechnology. They have electrodes made of nanomaterials which allows lithium ions to move faster between electrodes during charging and discharging compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. This enables nano batteries to charge and discharge more quickly. Additionally, the use of nanomaterials prevents the formation of a solid electrolyte interface barrier that conventional batteries experience at high temperatures. Nano batteries could potentially be used in applications like electronics, defense, aerospace, industrial, and healthcare due to their faster charging capabilities and ability to operate at higher temperatures than conventional lithium-ion batteries.
This document discusses the synthesis of polymer-derived boron-doped rare earth stabilized bismuth oxide nanocomposites for solid oxide fuel cell applications. It outlines the use of electrospinning and polymeric precursor techniques to produce nanocomposites of bismuth oxide stabilized with rare earth elements such as dysprosium, yttrium, holmium, erbium, and lanthanum. The document discusses how these techniques can produce nanocomposites with improved properties including higher ionic conductivity and strength due to reduced grain sizes.
Hydrogen has many potential industrial applications but faces challenges in production, storage, and safety. It is primarily produced through steam methane reforming, which accounts for 48% of global hydrogen. Other methods include electrolysis and gasification of fossil fuels or biomass. Hydrogen is used in various industrial processes but storage remains an issue due to its low density. Further development is needed to establish hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier.
Electrochemical energy storage systems convert chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa through redox reactions. There are two main types: galvanic cells which convert chemical to electrical energy, and electrolytic cells which do the opposite. A basic electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte. Primary cells cannot be recharged, while secondary cells are rechargeable through reversible chemical reactions. Lithium-ion batteries have become widely popular due to their high energy density and lack of memory effect.
This presentation describes how use of judiciously selected Phase Change Materials can be used effectively to store energy and make it available when needed.
In a solar thermal application, typically sunlight is available in a 6-8 hour window from 8am to 4pm. However, the usage extends much beyond that. Phase Change Materials can be used to store energy for usage as required.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) directly convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. SOFCs operate at high temperatures between 600-1800°C using fuels like natural gas, methane or propane. The electrolyte is made of ceramic materials like zirconium and doped perovskite. SOFCs have efficiencies between 45-60% and costs around 2700 INR/KW. They produce clean energy, have modular construction and long lifetimes up to 100,000 hours. Challenges include reducing costs through lower material costs and operating temperatures while increasing power outputs.
Electrode size influence on static and dynamic single cell lead-acid batteryTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The document summarizes research on the effect of electrode size on the performance of static and dynamic single-cell lead-acid batteries. Three different electrode sizes were tested: 13.5x7.5 cm2, 22.5x7.5 cm2, and 32.5x7.5 cm2. Dynamic batteries, which had a continuously circulating electrolyte, performed better than static batteries, showing higher capacities up to 48% and efficiencies up to 17%. The largest electrode size of 32.5x7.5 cm2 produced the best results for dynamic batteries, with an average capacity of 10,357 mAh and average efficiency of 81%. Increasing the electrode size linearly increased battery capacity and performance metrics for
Challenges implementing Green Initiatives in Tall BuildingsTejwant Navalkar
We take a look at challenges in implementing Renewable Energy to meet Green Building Requirements in Tall buildings. This paper also suggests possible solutions to meet these challenges through a case study and makes a case to review the existing Green Building guidelines with respect to Renewable Energy to make to effective and socially relevant.
The document discusses the design of new cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries. It provides background on the development of batteries over time and describes the basic components and operation of lithium ion batteries. Current commercially used cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate are described. Research aims to develop new cathode materials with improved properties like higher energy density, longer lifespan, lower cost, and environmental friendliness. Promising candidates include olivine-based phosphates and transition metal oxides.
201006 studies on low cost and safe lithium ion batteries for electric vehiclexizhixia
1. The document discusses developing low-cost and safe lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles through employing a lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide cathode material synthesized via a hydrothermal technique.
2. Initial studies synthesized and characterized a lithium manganese oxide cathode material and conducted electrochemical testing of coin cells.
3. Ongoing work includes further cathode material synthesis and characterization, battery assembly, and characterization of assembled batteries.
This document discusses lithium-oxygen batteries as the next generation of energy storage technology. It summarizes that lithium-oxygen batteries have a theoretical energy density of around 13 kWh/kg, much higher than current lithium-ion batteries and internal combustion engines. However, challenges include the battery's structure, reaction kinetics, and internal resistance, which limit the practical energy density. The document proposes that using porous carbon nanofiber composites as the cathode material could help address these challenges by facilitating oxygen and ion diffusion, increasing reaction rates, and achieving higher discharge capacities. This research aims to develop lithium-oxygen batteries with mesoporous cathodes, high ionic and electrical conductivity, and catalysts to
Smart Cities presentation at the Renewable Energy Conference at Eilat EilotHaim R. Branisteanu
My presentation of "Smart Cities" storage at Eilat- Eilot Renewable Energy Conference, of course there are many comments and explanations to add to each slide in this presentation, including recent LCOE report form Australia (see also Clarifications for Peer to Peer Networks in “Smart Cities” document.)
My presentation at 7th International Renewable Energy Conference Eilat-Eilot Israel, November 2016 of course there are many comments and explanations to add to each slide in this presentation like $450 in savings per household See also Clarifications for
Peer to Peer Networks in “Smart Cities” Includes recent report from Australia
Case Study of Solar Flat Plat CollectorIRJET Journal
This document describes a study analyzing the thermal performance of flat plate solar collectors when using different tube path designs and cross-sections. It discusses how the collector efficiency is affected by parameters like the tube material and shape. The researchers created 3D models of collectors with varying tube paths (zigzag, U-bend, parallel etc.) and cross-sections (circular, elliptical) and analyzed them using CFD simulation software. The goal is to identify designs that enhance heat transfer and collector efficiency by changing these factors. Previous studies on similar topics are also reviewed which analyzed tube shapes like triangular but none looked at varying the tube path configurations in depth.
IRJET - A Review on Design and Optimization of Cooling Plate for Battery Modu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that optimized the design of a cooling plate for an electric vehicle battery module. Researchers first created a numerical model of a single lithium iron phosphate battery cell and validated it against experimental data. They then designed a battery module model incorporating two cooling plates. An orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize parameters like battery gap and cooling channel count. The cooling plate geometry was further optimized using a surrogate model. The optimized design reduced temperature gradient in the cooling plate by 9.5% and pressure drop by 16.88% by increasing the cross-section and number of inlet cooling channels while keeping coolant flow rate constant.
This document summarizes recent developments in materials, design, and concepts for bipolar/end plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. It discusses experimental results showing iron- and copper-based alloys can be used as cheaper alternatives to conventional graphite bipolar plates. Models for optimizing gas flow field design parameters in these plates are discussed. New concepts like using metal foams and corrugated thin sheets in bipolar plates are presented, with experimental results comparing to model predictions. Applications of these new concepts in developing commercial fuel cell stacks for a hydrogen economy are considered.
The team created a 3D heat transfer model of a sodium-cooled fast reactor cooling system using COMSOL software. The model was based on specifications of Russia's BN-1200 reactor. The model predicted temperatures roughly 25% different than more sophisticated models. Due to time constraints, the team was unable to improve the model as originally planned. The summary provides the key details about the project objectives, model, and results.
Subjective and Comparatively Studied of Batteries on Different Parameters Eff...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that conducted a subjective and comparative study of various automobile batteries. The paper analyzed 20 relevant research articles on batteries based on parameters like power output, charging time, cost, and limitations. It ranked the batteries based on these parameters and mapped the highest performing batteries for power output and charging time. The mapping showed that the sodium nickel chloride battery had the highest power output while the aluminum-ion battery had the shortest charging time. A combined experimental study of these two batteries was recommended to achieve high performance and optimize batteries for electric vehicles.
Design of The Cooling System for Optimizing the Performance of Solar PanelIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of three solar panel cooling systems. The cooling systems included two passive systems, one using an acrylic tank and the other using copper heat pipes and an aluminum heat sink. The third was an active water cooling system that pumped water over the solar panel surface. Experimental results showed that the water cooling system maintained the lowest solar panel temperatures, with panel temperatures around 60°C compared to 70°C without cooling. Cooling the panels in this way improved their electrical output and efficiency by reducing thermal losses at high temperatures.
This document summarizes a paper that presents a hybrid model for simulating the steady-state and dynamic behavior of a PEM fuel cell stack. The hybrid model combines an empirical model to represent the steady-state voltage-current relationship with an electrical circuit model to capture dynamic behavior. The model achieves over 93% accuracy in modeling experimental stack performance under steady and transient conditions. Fuel cells show promise for distributed power generation and transportation due to their high efficiency, low emissions, and ability to use hydrogen produced from renewable sources.
Batteries are an essential way to store energy for later use. The life of a battery determines what applications it can be used for. Recent developments include batteries that can be charged via USB without needing a separate charger. However, lithium-ion batteries have disadvantages like being more expensive than nickel-cadmium batteries and needing temperature monitoring to regulate safety. Paper batteries are a new technology where carbon nanotubes are combined with paper to create a flexible energy storage device. Paper batteries are biodegradable, non-toxic, and lightweight, making them an eco-friendly alternative to conventional batteries.
Design, Optimization, and Analysis of Electric vehicle Battery PackIRJET Journal
This document describes research into improving the thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles. Liquid cooling is identified as an effective method for maintaining optimal battery temperatures between 15-40 degrees Celsius. A battery pack design is proposed using aluminum tubes coated with paraffin wax for phase change material cooling. Computer simulations using ANSYS Fluent show that a water-based liquid cooling system with this paraffin wax coating most effectively reduces battery temperatures compared to air, glycol, or liquid-only cooling systems. The research demonstrates the importance of thermal management for extending battery life in electric vehicles.
Advanced method for reuse of Li-ion batteries and Analysis by new designed el...IOSR Journals
1. The document describes an advanced method for reusing lithium-ion batteries by chemically treating them and designing a new electronic circuit. The method involves injecting the same components from the original battery, especially lithium, back into the battery.
2. The designed electronic circuit is used to measure the electric potential of batteries that have been injected with solutions containing lithium iron oxide. Various parameters like duration time, pH, concentration, and temperature are analyzed.
3. The results show that increasing the duration time and concentration of the lithium iron oxide solution increases the battery voltage. Increasing the pH also increases the sensitivity of potential measurements. A relationship is observed between voltage, concentration, and duration time.
Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on thermal management methods for lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles. It compares air cooling and direct liquid cooling systems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulations analyzed temperature distribution in a battery cell model under static conditions, with air cooling, and with liquid cooling using ethanol glycol. Results showed liquid cooling reduced the maximum cell temperature the most, from 66.85°C without cooling to 35.85°C with liquid cooling, a decrease of over 30°C. Air cooling also reduced temperatures but not as effectively as liquid cooling. The research aims to optimize cooling strategies to maintain optimal battery operating temperatures and improve safety, lifespan and costs for electric vehicles.
Catalysts are used with fuels such as hydrogen or methanol to produce hydrogen ions. Platinum, which is very expensive, is the catalyst typically used in this process. Companies are using nanoparticles of platinum to reduce the amount of platinum needed, or using nanoparticles of other materials to replace platinum entirely and thereby lower costs.
At PreScouter, we help Fortune 500 clients quickly get up-to-speed on what they need to know to understand their options. PreScouter's Inquiry Service is a new, custom approach to ask science-based questions with a Ph.D. researcher through a brief video call. The results are debriefed in a meeting within two business days. This app provides clients with technically relevant, actionable information to further business objectives on a recurring basis.
In this inquiry, a client needed to identify Pre-Series B (or research teams) in the battery space that has a proprietary technology. PreScouter found 13 different batteries. Very soon, we should see a massive change in the ability to safely store and release power. Batteries explored include, but are not limited to: solid-state lithium-ion batteries, magnesium batteries, graphene car batteries, laser-made micro-supercapacitors, Na Ion batteries, and one of the fastest battery packs, LumoPack. PreScouter concluded this R&D injury with suggested next steps.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cells for automobiles. It begins by introducing hydrogen fuel cells as a promising alternative energy source for vehicles. It then describes how hydrogen fuel cells work, including the electrochemical process that produces electricity from hydrogen and oxygen. Finally, it discusses some of the challenges around hydrogen storage and distribution that need to be addressed for widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
Renewable Energy Technologies Course, chapter 2 hydrogen and fuel cellsProf . Ghada Amer
The document discusses different types of fuel cells, including solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). SOFCs use a solid ceramic electrolyte and operate at very high temperatures of 800-1000°C. MCFCs use a molten carbonate salt suspended in a porous ceramic matrix as the electrolyte and operate at 650°C. Both fuel cell types allow hydrogen or other fuels to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions without combustion. While SOFCs and MCFCs offer high efficiency and fuel flexibility, their high operating temperatures also present challenges for applications and materials stability.
The document summarizes a study on the conceptual design of a 700°C power plant that burns low-rank brown coal. It analyzes alternative plant configurations and compares them in terms of efficiency, auxiliary power consumption, and net power output. It also examines potential funding opportunities in Europe and the US to demonstrate the 700°C technology. The study considers predrying technologies that could enable the use of high-moisture, low-rank coals and integrates them into the steam cycle. It presents two initial plant layouts burning brown coal and estimates the expected efficiency gains over conventional plants.
This document provides an overview of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It begins with an introduction and then covers the history of fuel cells dating back to 1839. It also discusses hydrogen as a fuel, explaining that hydrogen can be extracted from various sources and used as a clean fuel. The document outlines various hydrogen storage technologies as well as the principles and types of fuel cells, including proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells. It addresses hydrogen production methods and concludes by discussing the advantages of fuel cells in reducing emissions.
The document discusses alternative energy technologies, focusing on fuel cells. It describes how fuel cells work and the advantages they provide over traditional fossil fuel-based systems. Specifically, it outlines the different types of fuel cells, including polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), alkaline fuel cells (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Applications are discussed ranging from portable electronics to large utility-scale power generation. Challenges in developing improved fuel cell materials and manufacturing processes are also summarized.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
2. Table Of Contents
No. Project Title Page
Measurement and Analysis of Flame Transfer Function in a Natural
Gas Turbine Combustor
1-21
ME4315 Design Project: HEV Battery Cooling System
3-42 Aluminum Oxide Composite and Carbon Nanotube-Based
Bifunctional Separators for High-Performance Lithium Sulfur
Batteries
5-63
Investigating Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Tin Perovskites for Li-Ion
Battery Applications: DFT Modeling Approach
7-84
On-going Project:
Measurement of Discharge Coefficient of Additive Manufactured
Effusion Bracket
9-105
Past Project:
Biomass Derived Carbon as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Battery
Application
11-126
7
ME4342 Computational Fluid Dynamics Project: Investigating the
Thermal Behavior of Various Large-Format Battery Tab Designs
13-14
3. Measurement and Analysis of Flame Transfer Function in a
Natural Gas Turbine Combustor
Apr. 2019 - Present
Research Project @ Ben T. Zinn Combustion Lab
1
4. Approach
Project Update
Role
The project aims to design a fiber-optical probe for
a natural gas turbine using the acoustical optical
technique to capture the chemiluminescence
intensity of the flame as a measure of the heat
release in the flame. By combining the
perturbations in the inlet flow, a flame transfer
function of this turbine will be develope to
quantitatively assess the susceptibility of
combustion to disturbances.
Objective
First, we designed and manufactured a sectional
combustor for the testing fuel injector. After
preliminary tests, a fiber-optical probe will be
designed and developed to integrate into the
sectional combustor.
• All components related to the combustor are
under manufacturing.
• Rig stand was assembled.
• Schedule first fire is in January.
Undergraduate Research Assistant
➢ Responsible for manufacturing and
assembling of the rig stand.
➢ Responsible for designing the fiber-optical
probe using existing instruments.
➢ Worked on the design of sectional combustor
and rig stand.
2Rig Stand CAD Model
Measurement and Analysis of Flame Transfer Function in a
Natural Gas Turbine Combustor
5. Aluminum Oxide Composite and Carbon Nanotube-Based
Bifunctional Separators for High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Sept. 2019 - Present
Research Project @ Energy Storage and Conversion Lab
3
Powder
Slurry
6. Approach
Project Update
Role
This project is aimed to improve the performance of
lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) by enhancing the
functionality of the separator. Specifically, this
project proposed to design a bifunctional
separator. This study can provide insights on
designing high performance stable LSBs as the
next-generation secondary batteries that can be
applied to various energy demanding products,
such as electrical vehicles and energy storage
system for solar and wind power plant.
Objective
A bifunctional separator will be fabricated to
improve the electrochemical energy storage
performance of LSBs. Coating facing towards
the Li metal anode will serve to suppress the
dendrite growth, while coating facing towards the
sulfur cathode will serve to capture and block
the polysulfide in the electrolyte.
A CR2032 coin-type cells, consisting of the Li
metal anode, bifunctional separator, and sulfur
cathode, will be assembled. The galvanostatic
charge/discharge test will be conducted to study
the cyclability.
• This project received the President’s
Undergraduate Research Award of Georgia
Tech.
• Comparison group of Li-S coin-type battery
using conventional polypropylene (PP) as the
separator are under testing.
Undergraduate Research Assistant
➢ Designed and wrote the proposal for this
project.
➢ Responsible for making the slurry and
assembling cell for both comparison group
and testing group.
➢ Assist the fabrication of the proposed
bifunctional separator.
4
Aluminum Oxide Composite and Carbon Nanotube-Based
Bifunctional Separators for High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries
7. HEV Battery Cooling System
Sept. 2019 – Dec. 2019
ME4315 Design Project
5
Source: www.gm.com. General Motor.
Heat generation at the end of discharge
(discharge rate: 1.5C)
Temperature in the battery core without
cooling (discharge rate: 1.5C)
8. Approach
Results
Role
This project aimed to design an alternative battery
thermal management system to cool the battery
pack of Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid vehicle at a
discharge rate of 1.5 C of a single pouch cell
battery. Main components of the system include
battery packs which are consisted of NMC-LMO
pouch cells, the battery cooling plate, a vapor
compression system. For this work, two main
objectives were:
• An accurate thermal models of battery cell
that discharge at 1.5 C.
• An efficient cooling method that can maintain
the cells’ temperature at around 30°C.
Objective
The project broke down into three sub-
components. We first modeled the battery cell
based on an electrical-thermal coupled PDE using
COMSOL Multiphysics. Then the resulted heat
generation and temperature profile of the battery
were used to calculate the coolant outlet
temperature using the new cooling geometry.
Then, a vapor compression cycle was designed to
take out the heat in the coolant.
• The proposal and final report of this project
were both rated as the best out of more than
10 projects.
• The heat generation rate and the temperature
profile of the model were presented in the
previous page.
• During cooling, The battery core was kept
under 33 °C at minimum mass flow rate.
• At 35 °C ambient temperature, the COP of the
designed vapor compression cycle is 4.102
and the work of the compressor is 1.25 kW.
Lead Designer
➢ Responsible for thermal model calculation and
brazed plate heat exchanger design.
➢ Oversaw the overall design process to make
sure every component is designed correctly
and responsible for combining all components
together.
6
HEV Battery Cooling System
9. Investigating the Thermal Behavior of Various Large-Format
Battery Tab Designs
Aug. 2019 – Nov. 2019
ME 4342 Computational Fluid Dynamics Project
7
Electrical Potential Distribution on Positive
Electrode (discharge rate: 1.5C)
Electrical Potential Distribution on Negative
Electrode (discharge rate: 1.5C)
10. Approach
Results
The project aimed to investigate the thermal
behaviors of large format pouch cell batteries with
different tab designs using mathematical modeling
approach.
Objective
The math model was adopted from a literature. It
was first solved using COMSOL Multiphysics to
confirm the results. Then several different tab
designs were implemented in the model to
investigate the thermal behaviors.
• Pouch cell batteries with smaller tabs created
less amount of heat.
• The temperature distributions in the batteries
with smaller tabs were more uniform.
• From the study, we found that the best option
to design a pouch cell batteries was to
separate positive tab and negative tab to
opposite sides and to reduce the tab size as
much as possible.
8
Investigating the Thermal Behavior of Various Large-Format
Battery Tab Designs
Temperature Distribution in the Batteries
(discharge rate: 1.5C)
11. Measurement of Discharge Coefficient of Additive
Manufactured Effusion Bracket
Nov. 2018 – May 2019
Research Project @ Ben T. Zinn Combustion Lab
9
Effusion Bracket
12. Approach
Project Update
Role
The project aimed to design a versatile testing
equipment to accurately measure the discharge
coefficient for additive manufactured effusion
brackets in a bench test. The discharge coefficient
would be used to validate the theoretical value in
the research of an aero gas turbine.
Objective
A versatile testing equipment was designed using
SolidWorks to incorporate different forms of
effusion brackets.
• The design passed the final design review.
• The project is currently undergoing
manufacturing phase.
Primary Undergraduate Research Assistant – Lead
Designer
➢ Responsible for designing the testing
equipment.
➢ Responsible for running CFD test for this
equipment. 10
Measurement of Discharge Coefficient of Additive
Manufactured Effusion Bracket
13. Biomass Derived Carbon as Anode Materials for Li-Ion
Battery Application
Apr. 2019 – Aug. 2019
Research Project @ Energy Storage and Conversion Lab
11
14. Approach
Results
Role
This project aimed to investigate the cyclability of
biomass derived carbon in the application of Li-Ion
batter.
Objective
Slurry using biochar was made to assemble
CR2032 coin-type cells, consisting of the Li metal
cathode. The galvanostatic charge/discharge test
was conducted to study the cyclability.
• Although biochar is cheap and
environmentally friendly, but the performance
of the biochar as anode material for battery
application is limited.
Undergraduate Research Assistant
➢ Responsible for making the slurry for anode.
➢ Assisted on assembling cells and running
galvanostatic test.
12
Biomass Derived Carbon as Anode Materials for Li-Ion
Battery Application
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Discharge
Charge
0
20
40
60
80
100
Capacity(mAhg-1)
Cycle number
CoulombicEfficiency(%)
Biochar 1
15. Investigating Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Tin Perovskites for
Li-Ion Battery Applications: DFT Modeling Approach
Apr. 2019 - Present
Research Project @ Computational NanoBio Technology Lab
13
16. Approach
Results
This work investigated organic-inorganic
perovskites that have the same structure as lead-
based perovskites (Specifically MAPbX3 (X=Br, Cl,
I)) but composed of different "A" materials such as
Cs and different "B" material such as Sn to address
the toxicity of lead-based perovskite materials.
These composites were believed to have similar
electrochemical properties but could greatly reduce
the impact to the environment compared to
MAPbX3.
Objective
DFT (Density Functional Theory) modeling
approach was used to study the perovskites
materials. Formation energy of pristine perovskites,
the volume change before and after Li+
intercalation and intercalation energy were studied
to evaluate the possibility as anode materials.
• CsSnX3 (X=Br, Cl, I) were found to have better
electrochemical properties then MaPbX3.
• This project was presented in 236th
Electrochemical Society and 2019 AIChE
Annual Meeting.
• A pipeline of research papers is to be
published in early 2020.
14
Investigating Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Tin Perovskites for Li-Ion
Battery Applications: DFT Modeling Approach
Role
Primary Undergraduate Research Assistant
➢ Investigated all MA based perovskites.
➢ Made the poster and presented in
conferences.