Engineering design parameters and requirement for hospitals

Hospital Planning and Design
Engineering Design Parameters and Requirements
Arch. Allen R. Buenaventura, MCM
In Hospital & Healthcare Facilities

ELECTRICAL WORKS
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HOSPITALS


Electrical Works – Codes
 Philippine Electrical Code
 Fire Code of the Philippines
 National Building Code of the
Philippines and Its IRR
 Existing Local Codes and Ordinances


Electrical Works – Standards
 Bureau of Product Standards (BPS)
 Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
 International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC)
 Illumination Engineering Society
 National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association
(NEMA)


Electrical Works
Site Works
Master Site Development Plan should show:
 Substation / Power House
 KVA rating and other specifications
of transformers
 Switchgear requirements
 Panel Board Layout
 Electrical Metering Devices


Electrical Works
Site Works (cont)

 Service Conductors and Conduit Layout
 Grounding System
 Emergency Stand by Generators
 Street and Perimeter Lighting System


Building Electrical System
1. Lighting System
 Provide adequate normal branch circuits to
all areas using standard lighting design
analysis.
 Utilize standard illumination requirements
per area using preferred or particular type
of luminaire.


2. Power System
 Provide adequate number of normal branch circuits
3. Standby / Emergency System
 Provide adequate number of life safety and critical
emergency branch circuits for lighting or utility
equipment connected to alternate power source.


4. Auxiliary System
 Provide the following:
d.Communication System – Telephone, Local Area
Network, Public Address Paging, Private Branch
Exchange or PABX, Nurse Call, Master or Cable
Antenna Television
e.Fire Alarm System
f.Security System



5. Lightning Protection System
 Include roof-mounted air terminals, grounding
conductors, ground rods, conduits, clamps, and other
equipment to complete the system.


Details
 Lighting fixtures / Luminaires
 Panel board and Circuit breakers
 Switchgear and other metering devices
 Electrical and Hospital Equipment
 Installation and Termination of Auxiliary
Equipment and other Special Devices


Details (cont)
 Power and Telephone Hand holes / Manholes
(as may be required)
 Pedestal and Service Entrance to building
 Grounding System Layout
 Substation / Power house and Electrical Room
 Transformer and Generator Mounting


Summary of Materials
 General Lighting Luminaires
c. Fluorescent Lamps – linear, circular, self-
ballasted; Cool or Warm White; fixture
housing steel sheet high reflectance powder
coat finish
d. Lamp Holders – thermosetting plastic
e. Fluorescent Ballast – magnetic or electronic
type with high power factor of high frequency
energy saving type


Summary of Materials (cont)
 General Lighting Luminaires (cont)
c. Down Lights and Pin Lights – heavy gauge spun
aluminum with lamp
d. Other special lighting such as Operating Room
Lights – as specified by end users


 Wiring Devices
c. Wiring Devices – non-automatic control, contact guaranteed
by the special spiral springs
d. Switches – 15A, 250V or 300V unless otherwise specified;
terminals screw type or quick-connected
e. General Use Receptacles – 15A, 240V grounding type unless
otherwise specified
f. Special Purpose Receptacle – as specified; with matching
plugs


 Panel Boards and Circuit Breakers
c. Current-carrying parts of the panel board
plated; solid neutral (S/N) assembly when
required; assembly isolated from the enclosure
d. Molded case circuit breakers (show frame, trip
rating and interrupting capacity); quick make,
quick break, thermal magnetic, trip indicating;
with common trip on all multiple breakers with
internal trip mechanism


 Electrical Conduits, Boxes and Fittings – rigid steel,
zinc coated or galvanized
c. Rigid Steel Conduits (RSC)
d. Rigid Metal Conduits (RMC)
e. Intermediate Metal Conduits (IMC)
f. Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
g. Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) schedule
40


Nurse Call System – control panel, bed head
panel, ancillary call and annunciating
equipment
 Wiring – data cable, 24V supply to each bed
unit
 Two levels of calls:
d. Patients to Nurse – by means of wall mounted
or handset mounted call push button bed head
panel


Nurse Call System (cont)
b. Nurse to Nurse – emergency call, instigated by
emergency push/pull switch mounted on call units
of bed head panels
 Bed Head Panel – type depends on patient bed
class; multiplexed bed head panel for sound
distribution


Nurse Call System (cont)
 Bathroom – provided with pull cord unit and reset unit
 Room indicator lamp installed above the door along the
corridor of each patient bed ward
 Nurse Station – equipped with indicator unit (audible and
visual) to indicate zone calling and type of call
 Emergency indication in acute areas arranged “for staff
use only”


 Solid state switching, all items connected to
internal printed circuit boards readily
interchangeable for maintenance purposes
Master Antenna Television (MATV) and Cable Television
(CATV) System
 Two source; One from a master antenna at the
roof or in a suitable area and the other from a
commercial cable television service


 Master antenna with FM, VHF, and UHF
antennas, combiner, distribution amplifier,
coaxial cables, splitters, tap-offs, and TV
outlets
 Individual trunk of master antenna and cable
TV rising from the building


Structured Cabling and Telephone System
 Minimum provision for 500 mixed PABX
extension and direct telephone lines for level
3 hospitals
Security System
 Include intrusion detection and alarm; CCTV
access control


STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL WORKS


Structural Works – Codes
 National Structural Code of the Philippines
(NSCP) 2001
 National Building Code of the Philippines
and its revised IRR
 Accessibility Law
 Local Codes and Ordinances


Structural Works – Standards
 Philippine National Standards (PNS)
 DPWH Blue Book
 American Concrete Institute (ACI)
 American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)
 American Welding Society (AWS)


Structural Works
Site Works
 Reference:
Hospital Master Site Development Plan
 Main hospital road capable of two way traffic;
6.00mts. Minimum width, 150mm thickness, concrete
strength should be at least 3000psi. Interior roads
leading to support facilities shall be designed to
accommodate delivery trucks, fire tracks, waste
collection vans


Structural Works
Site Works (cont)
 Fences should be see-through for the front of the
hospital while the three other sides should be made
of concrete hollow blocks. Minimum height 2.00
meters. Provide perimeter lighting. See-through
fence will be made of 32mm square bars spaced at
100mm on center and provided with three(3)
concrete hollow blocks (45mm high) bottom wall


Building Structural System
Buildings
 Use seismic importance factor of 1.25
 Immediate occupancy category
 Designed in accordance with NSCP
requirements up to magnitude 7 for those near
seismic source Type A
 Observe seismic gaps between buildings
(old and new)


Buildings
 Use wind importance factor of 1.15 (specially
for roofing system)
 Use concrete gutters and parapet walls as
additional protection to the roofing system in
strong typhoons
 Use fire-resistive and non-toxic materials


Buildings
 Verify with PHIVOLCS the distance of the
proposed hospital to nearest active fault lines
and with DENR for geo-hazard map of the area
 Conduct soil investigation to determine soil
bearing capacity (at least three bore holes) and
to recommend foundation design. Applicable
even for one story structures.


Details
 Provide details of connection of beams and
columns following requirements of NSCP for
confined areas
 Provide connection of trusses to beams and
columns
 Provide splicing details of reinforcing bars
on columns and beams and the required bar
cut-off points


 Concrete shall be Portland Cement and
conforming to ASTM specification C150, Type I
to Type II
 Coarse aggregates shall consist of washed
gravel, crushed stone or rock or a combination
thereof conforming to ASTM C33


 Concrete hollow blocks shall be a standard
product of recognized manufacturer conforming
to PNS 16 with at least 350psi strength
 Reinforcing bars shall conform with PNS
Grade 60 for 16mm diameter and above and
PNS Grade 40 for 12mm diameter and below


 Structural Steel shall conform with ASTM A36/
A6M
c.Bolts and studs shall conform with ASTM A325
d.Welding electrodes shall be E60 or E70 and
conform with AWS D.1.1


SANITARY / PLUMBING WORKS


Sanitary Works – Codes
and its revised IRR
 National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
(NPCP)
 Code of Sanitation


Sanitary Works – Standards
 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
 Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
 DOH National Reference Laboratory (NRL)
 DOH Health Care Waste Management Manual
 National Water Resources Board (NWRB)
 National Plumbers Association of the Phils. (NAMPAP)
 Philippine Society of Sanitary Engineers (PSEE)


Sanitary Works
Site Works
 Storm Drainage Network – shall accommodate
the magnitude of peak rates of surface run-off
including drainage coming from the buildings. System
shall be capable of handling the design flow leading
to the designated outfall.
 Rainfall calculation and size of drainage pipes
– refer to Table-D2, Appendix-D, NPCP, and current
rainfall record from the PAG-ASA.


Sanitary Works
Site Works (cont)
 Sewerage Pipe Network shall accommodate all
sewage coming from all buildings, conveyed by a
gravitational flow leading to the proposed sewage
treatment plant.
 Per capita waste water demand –
100-130gal/capita/day per bed
 Water Supply Network shall include also fire
hydrant needs, accessible drinking water to serve as
testing point for safe and potable water supply

Building Sanitary Systems
Sewerage and Vent System
 Provide complete sewerage and vent
system from all plumbing fixtures and floor
drains, laid by gravity flow leading to the
sewage treatment plant. For demand
weight of fixtures in fixture units, refer to
Appendix A, Table A-2, NPCP


Wastewater and Vent System
 Provide separate wastewater line and
vent system for all areas dealing with
laboratory activities and generating
infectious wastes. Route the system to a
neutralization tank before discharging to a
sewage treatment plant.


Wastewater and Vent System (cont)
 Provide separate wastewater line and
vent system for all areas generating oil or
grease such as the dietary. Tap the system
to the grease trap before connecting the
effluent to a sewage treatment plant. For
demand weight of fixtures, refer to
Appendix A, Table A-2, NPCP


Water Supply System
 Provide complete cold water supply to all
plumbing fixtures. From the main water
source, pump the water to the elevated
water tank and convey to fixtures by
gravity of transfer pump the water with
constant pressure through pneumatic
storage tank, whichever is feasible.


Water Supply System (cont)
 Provide hot water supply through
portable water heaters to selected areas
such as sterilizing units, laboratories,
dietary, clean up rooms, and others as
required by the owner.


Storm Drainage System
 Provide complete storm drainage system
for all roofs, canopies, concrete ledges and
balconies including condensate drains laid
for gravity flow, connected to leader/pipe
line to the natural ground level storm
drainage network


Sewage Treatment Plant
 Provide sewage treatment plant designed
according to the hospital bed capacity.
Adapt a biological process of sewage
treatment complying with environmental
statutory laws specifically DENR
Administrative Order No. 35


 Sewer and Vent Pipes – Unplasticized
polyvinyl (uPVC) extra series 1000 conforming
with ISO 3633 ASTM D2729 including trims and
fittings
 Downspouts – same as above
 Storm Drainage Pipes – 250mm dia. and
below non-reinforced concrete pipe; 300mm dia.
and above reinforced concrete pipe

 Drainage Manholes, Street Inlet, Curb Inlet –
Traffic type reinforced concrete; Area Drain / Catch
Basin – Reinforced Load Bearing CHB
 Sewage Manholes – Traffic Type Reinforced
Concrete with standard steel brass cover
 Wastewater Pipe – extra heavy, single hub, hub
less cast iron pipes and fittings conforming to ASTM
standard 888

 Cleanouts – cast iron brass with counter sunk
plug (BPS certified)
 Floor Drain Deck Drains – cast iron brass
(BPS certified)
 Gutter Drains – cast iron dome type brass
(BPS certified)


 Cold Water Supply Pipes – Polypropelene Pn
10 Fusion weld pipes including trims and fittings
(BPS certified)
 Hot Water Supply Pipes – Polypropelene Pn
20 Fusion weld pipes including trims and fittings
(BPS cerfified)
 Trench Grating – galvanized / stainless steel
iron grates

 Plumbing Fixtures including trims, fittings and
accessories (BPS certified)
c.Water closet – tank type push button flush
d.Lavatory – pedestal/counter type with C-spout spray
faucet
e.Kitchen Sink – Ga.16 stainless steel seamless bowl
with gooseneck faucet
f.Urinal – wall hung flush valve type


 Plumbing Fixtures at Sterile Areas
c.Scrub-up Sink – Ga.16 stainless steel (single/ double
bowl) compartment, knee operated or sensor controlled
spray faucet
d.Surgical Soap Dispenser – Ga.16, stainless steel foot-
operated
e.Laboratory Sink – Ga.16 stainless steel deep seated
seamless bowl compartment with C-spout spray faucet


MECHANICAL WORKS


Mechanical Works – Codes
and its revised IRR
 Mechanical Engineering Code of the
Philippines (ME Code)


Mechanical Works – Standards
 Philippine National Standards (PNS)
 Underwriters Laboratory (UL) & Factory Manual (FM)
 International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 1988
 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
 NFPA Standards for Health Care Facilities
 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE)
 Center for Disease Control and Prevention Manual


Mechanical Works
Site Works
 For Automatic Fire Sprinkler System, Site Plan
indicating the location of the buildings, firewater
reserve tank, firewater line, yard loop and
private fire hydrant
 For Medical Gases and Vacuum System, Site
Plan indicating the location of the buildings,
medical gases manifold and vacuum housing


Building Mechanical Systems

Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
 Provided in all hospital buildings except for one (1) story
structures built with fire resistive materials
 Hazard Classification – light hazard occupancy
 Area of coverage 146 sq.m., water supply density 4.07
lps / sq.m.
 Protection area per sprinkler head 20 sq.m. at 2.2 m
minimum distance and 4.2m maximum distance between
sprinkler



Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (cont)
 All floor control valves equipped with supervisory
switch, water flow detector and drain system
 Water supply horizontal split case centrifugal fire pump
diesel engine or AC motor, vertical in-line jockey pump
with controller
 Firewater reserve tank ground level monolithic concrete
tank sized for a min. supply of 30mins
 Hydraulic calculations report based on NFPA-13 format


Ventilation and Air Conditioning System
 Provided in all patient private room, radiological and
imaging areas, operating rooms, delivery rooms, critical
care areas, laboratories, drug storage, offices
 Split type air conditioners for large capacity areas
 Window type ACU for areas with exterior wall
exposure
 Centralized air conditioning only when feasible
 Design temperature 25deg C at 50% RH



Ventilation and Air Conditioning System
(cont)

 Design of critical care areas laminar or positive
pressure – supply air is 10% more than exhaust air
 Isolation rooms for highly infectious diseases like
TB and SARS negative pressure – exhaust air is
10% more than supply air


Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (cont)
 Maintain air changes rate greater than or equal to 12
air changes per hour or 145 liters per second per
patient
 Provide ceiling cassette type exhaust fans with
integral air diffuser in all toilets
 Provide orbit type ceiling fans 360 deg oscillation in
all non air conditioned rooms such as patient wards,
nurse stations, work areas


Medical Gases and Vacuum System
 Medical gases and vacuum system – provided
throughout the hospital
 Medical gas supply – provided through manifold
system and bulk system
 Pipeline system shall be equipped with zone valves
and alarm system
 Vacuum pumps – duplex type each-capacity to
handle the total load without loss of vacuum in the
system



Medical Gases and Vacuum System (cont)
 Gas outlets – single, double, triple or more units for
the following gas services: oxygen, air, nitrous oxide
and vacuum
c.Flow calculations NFPA standards for hospitals
d.Piping – seamless type “K” or “L” hard tempered
copper tubing suitable for silver brazing. Joint and
fittings for copper tubing-cast bronze for brazing



Elevator System
 Hospital bed elevator – provided in all multi
storey hospital buildings, separate elevators for
patients, service elevators.
 Minimum car size – 1.50 mtrs width and 2.15 mtrs
height
 Car door opening – not less than 1.10 mtrs and
3.10 mtrs height.


Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
 Sprinkler Head – UL listed/FM approved,
pendant, upright or sidewall unit, 83 LPM flow
capacity per head and temperature fusing at 57.7
deg Celsius to 74 deg Celsius
 Fire Pump – UL listed /FM approved diesel engine
or electric motor driven-designed for automatic
water sprinkler protection system


 Jockey Pump – UL listed /FM approved, electric motor
driven, 220V, 3-phase, 60hertz, electric power
connection
 Alarm Assembly – UL listed /FM approved, so
installed that any flow of water from the sprinkler
system equal to or greater than that from the single
automatic head shall result in an audible and visual sign
in the building vicinity


 Water sprinkler alarm and supervision system –
includes the monitoring water flow switch of each
building floor, fire pump and jockey pump running
condition and power supply, water level of the
reservoir and control valves
 Pipes – B.1 schedule 40. Screw fittings – used for
inside piping


Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System
 Refrigerant pipes – copper tubing, type L or K black steel
pipe, Schedule 40 for 100mm diameter and less. Pipes over
100mm diameter Schedule 40
 Black Steel Pipes – standard seamless, lap-welded or
electric resistant welded for size 50mm diameter and
larger, screw type for size 38mm diameter and smaller,
fittings for copper tubing-cast bronze fitting designed for
brazing



Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System (cont)
 Pipe Insulation – preformed fiberglass or equivalent.
Insulating materials covered with 100mm x 13mm thick
polyethelene film overlapped not less than 50mm
 Ducts – galvanized steel sheets of standard gauges
 Ductwork Insulation – rigid board styropor or equivalent
25mm thk for ground and top floor, 13mm thick for
intermediate floor


Medical Gases and Vacuum System
 Medical gas manifold and vacuum plant – UL
listed/ FM approved
 Gas Outlet Stations – UL listed/FM approved
quick connect type or DISS type, stainless steel or
PVC faceplate mounted on chrome-plated zinc
die-cast cover plate


Elevator System
 Hospital bed elevator and passenger
elevator – machine room-less or traction
type only
 Elevator System – UL listed / FM
approved


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