The document describes a human-machine interaction system designed for a rapier (loom machine) based on an ARM-Linux embedded platform. It uses a customized Linux OS, Qt framework for the interface, and Socket-CAN drivers for CAN bus communication. Key aspects of the system include the hardware architecture, Linux driver implementation, interface design, and multi-threaded CAN communication protocol. Testing showed the system provides stable operation, reliable data transmission, and easy maintenance compared to traditional rapier control systems.
SocketCAN provides a socket interface for communicating over CAN networks in Linux. It implements the CAN protocol as a new protocol family (PF_CAN). There are two main socket types - raw sockets which allow filtering of CAN IDs, and broadcast manager sockets which provide a message queueing interface. SocketCAN uses the Linux network stack to handle frame transmission and reception, presenting CAN frames to applications via standard socket operations like read(), write(), send(), and recv(). It also provides loopback of local frames to emulate network behavior on single nodes.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document provides an overview of the link layer. It discusses the goals and services of the link layer, including error detection, correction, and sharing access to broadcast channels through multiple access protocols. It describes various link layer technologies like Ethernet, switches, and VLANs. It also covers topics like link layer addressing using MAC addresses, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses, and examples of multiple access protocols including Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) used in Ethernet networks.
The document discusses distributed systems in vehicles, focusing on CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus). It describes how CAN bus was developed to allow communication between electronic control units using just 1 pair of wires at high speed. CAN bus is now widely used in vehicle systems for functions like powertrain, comfort, and infotainment. Key aspects covered include the CAN protocol specifications, frame formats, error detection methods, and node error states.
This document provides an overview of networking and security concepts including the OSI model, functions of common network devices like routers, switches, firewalls and IDS/IPS systems. It describes technologies like NAT, VPNs, encryption, file integrity monitoring and SIEM. It also includes brief introductions to Linux, the CCNA and a case study on site-to-site VPN deployment considerations.
IEEE 802.1ad implements standard protocols for double tagging customer data traffic in provider networks. The data is double tagged with an inner C-tag for the customer VLAN and an outer S-tag for the provider VLAN. Control packets are tunneled by changing the destination MAC address. 802.1ad extends support for Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling and provides transparent Layer 2 connectivity between customer sites without involving the provider's Layer 3 network.
SocketCAN provides a socket interface for communicating over CAN networks in Linux. It implements the CAN protocol as a new protocol family (PF_CAN). There are two main socket types - raw sockets which allow filtering of CAN IDs, and broadcast manager sockets which provide a message queueing interface. SocketCAN uses the Linux network stack to handle frame transmission and reception, presenting CAN frames to applications via standard socket operations like read(), write(), send(), and recv(). It also provides loopback of local frames to emulate network behavior on single nodes.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document provides an overview of the link layer. It discusses the goals and services of the link layer, including error detection, correction, and sharing access to broadcast channels through multiple access protocols. It describes various link layer technologies like Ethernet, switches, and VLANs. It also covers topics like link layer addressing using MAC addresses, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses, and examples of multiple access protocols including Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) used in Ethernet networks.
The document discusses distributed systems in vehicles, focusing on CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus). It describes how CAN bus was developed to allow communication between electronic control units using just 1 pair of wires at high speed. CAN bus is now widely used in vehicle systems for functions like powertrain, comfort, and infotainment. Key aspects covered include the CAN protocol specifications, frame formats, error detection methods, and node error states.
This document provides an overview of networking and security concepts including the OSI model, functions of common network devices like routers, switches, firewalls and IDS/IPS systems. It describes technologies like NAT, VPNs, encryption, file integrity monitoring and SIEM. It also includes brief introductions to Linux, the CCNA and a case study on site-to-site VPN deployment considerations.
IEEE 802.1ad implements standard protocols for double tagging customer data traffic in provider networks. The data is double tagged with an inner C-tag for the customer VLAN and an outer S-tag for the provider VLAN. Control packets are tunneled by changing the destination MAC address. 802.1ad extends support for Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling and provides transparent Layer 2 connectivity between customer sites without involving the provider's Layer 3 network.
The document provides an overview of automotive embedded systems and network technologies. It discusses electronic control units (ECUs) and their functions. Two main automotive bus protocols are described: Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and Controller Area Network (CAN). LIN uses a single wire connection and supports speeds up to 20kbps, while CAN uses a two-wire connection and supports speeds up to 1Mbps. The document outlines the frame structures, message types, and error handling approaches for both LIN and CAN networks.
The document summarizes the IEEE 802.11 standard's layer management section. It discusses the MAC layer management entity (MLME) and physical layer management entity (PLME), which manage the MAC sublayer and PHY layer respectively. It then describes various management primitives and services accessed through the MLME service access point (SAP), including power management, scanning, synchronization, authentication, association, and disassociation.
Controller Area Network is an ideal serial bus design suitable for modern embedded system based networks. It finds its use in most of critical applications, where error detection and subsequent treatment on error is a critical issue. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) block was developed on FPGA in order to meet the needs for simple, low power and low cost wireless communication. This paper gives a short overview of CRC block in the Digital transmitter based on the CAN 2.0 protocols. CRC is the most preferred method of encoding because it provides very efficient protection against commonly occurring burst errors, and is easily implemented. This technique is also sometimes applied to data storage devices, such as a disk drive. In this paper a technique to model the error detection circuitry of CAN 2.0 protocols on reconfigurable platform have been discussed? The software simulation results are presented in the form of timing diagram.FPGA implementation results shows that the circuitry requires very small amount of digital hardware. The Purpose of the research is to diversify the design methods by using VHDL code entry through Modelsim 5.5e simulator and Xilinx ISE8.3i.The VHDL code is used to characterize the CRC block behavior which is then simulated, synthesized and successfully implemented on Sparten3 FPGA .Here, Simulation and Synthesized results are also presented to verify the functionality of the CRC -16 Block. The data rate of CRC block is 250 kbps .Estimated power consumption and maximum operating frequency of the circuitry is also provided.
Controller Area Network (Basic Level Presentation)Vikas Kumar
The document discusses Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, which is a vehicle bus standard that allows microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer. Key points:
- CAN bus uses a serial communication protocol and multi-master message model to allow nodes to transmit and receive messages.
- It employs a bus topology where nodes are connected to a single cable with termination resistors at each end to eliminate signal reflections.
- CAN bus is used widely in automotive applications but also in other industries like shipping, manufacturing, etc. due to its robustness, error detection and flexibility.
The Avaya VENA Fabric Connect solution provides network simplification and virtualization capabilities. It uses the IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging protocol with Avaya extensions to add layer 3 routing. This allows for edge-only provisioning, layer 2 and 3 network virtualization, equal cost multi-pathing, and protocol simplification using a single routing protocol. Fabric Connect provides alternatives to other proposed virtualization and simplification approaches such as TRILL, VXLAN, and SDNs.
The document provides an overview of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol through a presentation. It discusses topics such as IEEE 802.11 layers, channels, infrastructure networks, ad hoc networks, joining a network, synchronization, communication approaches, MAC functionality including PCF and DCF, encryption, fragmentation, management functions, and MAC frame formats. The presentation was given on May 9th, 2001 by Mahdi Ahmed Jama to provide an introduction to the IEEE 802.11a MAC protocol.
Design flow for Controller Area Network systemsAlexios Lekidis
The document describes a model-based design flow for CAN-based embedded systems using the BIP framework. It discusses challenges in designing CAN-based systems and outlines a design flow that uses formal models of the CAN protocol, application software, and system composition in BIP. The flow aims to enable validation and verification early in the design process through rigorous modeling of system components and their interactions. It presents BIP concepts for component modeling, composition, and analysis tools. The document also provides details on modeling the CAN protocol and application software in BIP.
Transforming a traditional home gateway into a hardwareaccelerated SDN switchIJECEIAES
Nowadays, traditional home gateways must support increasingly complex applica-tions while keeping their cost reasonably low. Software Defined Networking (SDN) would simplify the management of those devices, but such an approach is typically reserved for new hardware devices, specifically engineered for this paradigm. As a consequence, typical SDN-based home gateway performs the switching in software, resulting in non-negligible performance degradation. In this paper, we provide our experience and findings of adding the OpenFlow support into a non-OpenFlow compatible home gateway, exploiting the possible hardware speedup available in the existing platform. We present our solution that transparently offloads a portion of the OpenFlow rule into the hardware, while keeping the remaining ones in software, being able to support the presence of multiple hardware tables with a different set of features. Moreover, we illustrate the design choices used to implement the func-tionalities required by the OpenFlow protocol (e.g., packet-in, packet-out messages) and finally, we evaluate the resulting architecture, showing the significant advantage in terms of performance that can be achieved by exploiting the underlying hardware, while maintaining an SDN-type ability to program and to instantiate desired network operations from a central controller.
Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that operates at the data link layer. It was developed as a simpler version of X.25 to use over ISDN interfaces. Frame Relay is widely used for voice and data connectivity between LANs over a WAN due to its lower cost compared to dedicated lines. It uses virtual circuits to connect devices and provides bandwidth, reliability, and scalability benefits over private lines.
HIGH PERFORMANCE ETHERNET PACKET PROCESSOR CORE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORKSijngnjournal
As the demand for high speed Internet significantly increasing to meet the requirement of large data transfers, real-time communication and High Definition ( HD) multimedia transfer over IP, the IP based network products architecture must evolve and change. Application specific processors require high
performance, low power and high degree of programmability is the limitation in many general processor based applications. This paper describes the design of Ethernet packet processor for system-on-chip (SoC) which performs all core packet processing functions, including segmentation and reassembly, packetization classification, route and queue management which will speedup switching/routing performance making it
more suitable for Next Generation Networks (NGN). Ethernet packet processor design can be configured for use with multiple projects targeted to a FPGA device the system is designed to support 1/10/20/40/100 Gigabit links with a speed and performance advantage. VHDL has been used to implement and simulated the required functions in FPGA
Networking issues for distributed systemskingGovindi
The document provides an overview of networking issues for distributed systems, basic networking concepts, and Internet protocols. It discusses performance parameters like latency and data transfer rate that affect message transfer speed. It also describes various wired and wireless network types and their typical bandwidth and latency ranges. The document introduces the OSI 7-layer model and summarizes each layer's functions. It explains concepts like routing, routing algorithms, encapsulation, and the TCP/IP protocol stack. The document provides examples of routing tables, packet encapsulation, and how NAT enables private addressing on local networks.
controller area network is a serial communication protocol and nowadays is widely used in factory and plant controls, in robotics, medical devices, and also in
some avionics systems.
Carrier Ethernet addresses limitations of legacy telecommunications technologies by providing flexible bandwidth scalability through Ethernet. It allows bandwidth to be added remotely up to the port speed without technology changes. This enables services tailored to subscriber needs rather than fixed increments. Carrier Ethernet also reduces costs by using the same Ethernet technology across networks and simplifying operations. It can be delivered over various transport network technologies to provide services like E-Line, E-LAN, and E-Tree connectivity.
Design and Implementation of Bluetooth MAC core with RFCOMM on FPGAAneesh Raveendran
The System-on-Chip (SoC) design of digital circuits makes the technology to be reusable. The current paper describes an aspect of design and implementation of IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) protocol on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based SoC. The Bluetooth is a wireless technology designed as a short-range connectivity solution for personal, portable and handheld electronic devices.
This design aims on Bluetooth technology with serial
communication (RS-232) profile at the application layer.
The IP core consists of Bluetooth Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
(UART). Each module of the design is described and
developed with hardware description language-Very High
Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language
(VHDL). The final version of SoC is implemented and
tested with ALTERA STRATIX II EP2S15672C3 FPGA.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including definitions of key terms like network, link, node, gateway, transmission media, protocols, error detection, and reliable data transmission protocols. It discusses the layers of the OSI model and responsibilities of each layer. Finally, it covers data link layer protocols, framing, flow control, error control techniques like ARQ, and reliable transmission protocols like stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols.
The document discusses CCNP SWITCH study guide topics including layer 2 technologies, layer 2 protocols, VLAN configuration, and other related topics. Key points covered include SDM templates, MAC address tables, Err-disable recovery, CDP/LLDP protocols, UDLD configuration, VLAN types including access, normal, extended and voice VLANs. Configuration of VLANs, trunk ports, and protocols are described along with commands for configuration and troubleshooting. Requirements for converged voice, video and data networks on a single infrastructure are also overviewed.
The document discusses the history and development of the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus technology. It describes how CAN buses were developed in the 1980s to address the wiring harness problems resulting from increased electronics in automobiles. CAN buses allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate through a serial bus, supporting flexible messaging and error detection. The document outlines the key aspects of CAN bus design and how it became widely adopted in the automotive industry, particularly to support onboard diagnostics (OBD) through standardized diagnostic trouble codes.
This document discusses wireless ATM and its key components. It begins with an overview of why wireless ATM is needed to provide seamless connectivity to wired ATM networks. It then covers the basic principles of ATM, including cells, protocols, layers and reference models. Finally, it discusses the requirements and challenges of implementing wireless ATM, such as mobility management, QoS support, and adapting ATM to operate over wireless networks and radio access layers. The goal is to seamlessly integrate mobility into broadband wireless networks.
This document provides a technical overview of Ethernet services based on work by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) Technical Committee. It defines key terms like Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) and describes the two main Ethernet service types - Ethernet Line (E-Line) and Ethernet LAN (E-LAN). E-Line provides point-to-point connectivity between sites while E-LAN provides multipoint connectivity between multiple sites using a single EVC. The document outlines various attributes that define Ethernet services, like physical interface specifications, bandwidth profiles, and performance parameters.
Data Acquisition and Control System for Real Time Applicationsijsrd.com
This paper proposes an Embedded Ethernet which is nothing but a processor that is capable to communicate with the network. This helps in data acquisition and status monitoring with the help of standard LAN. Currently device with processor is widely used in industrial field. The Embedded Ethernet provides web access to distributed measurement/control systems and provides optimization for instrumentation, educational laboratories and home automation. However, a large number of devices don't have the network interface and the data from them cannot be transmitted in network. A design of ARM Processor based Embedded Ethernet interface is presented. In this design, data can be transmitted transparently through Ethernet interface unit to remote end desktop computer. By typing the IP address of LAN on the ARM9 board, the user gets sensor values on the PC screen at remote station. This provides the status of the devices at remote field. The user can also control the devices interfaced to the ARM9 Board by pressing the button displayed on the GUI of the remote Desktop PC.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
The document provides an overview of automotive embedded systems and network technologies. It discusses electronic control units (ECUs) and their functions. Two main automotive bus protocols are described: Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and Controller Area Network (CAN). LIN uses a single wire connection and supports speeds up to 20kbps, while CAN uses a two-wire connection and supports speeds up to 1Mbps. The document outlines the frame structures, message types, and error handling approaches for both LIN and CAN networks.
The document summarizes the IEEE 802.11 standard's layer management section. It discusses the MAC layer management entity (MLME) and physical layer management entity (PLME), which manage the MAC sublayer and PHY layer respectively. It then describes various management primitives and services accessed through the MLME service access point (SAP), including power management, scanning, synchronization, authentication, association, and disassociation.
Controller Area Network is an ideal serial bus design suitable for modern embedded system based networks. It finds its use in most of critical applications, where error detection and subsequent treatment on error is a critical issue. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) block was developed on FPGA in order to meet the needs for simple, low power and low cost wireless communication. This paper gives a short overview of CRC block in the Digital transmitter based on the CAN 2.0 protocols. CRC is the most preferred method of encoding because it provides very efficient protection against commonly occurring burst errors, and is easily implemented. This technique is also sometimes applied to data storage devices, such as a disk drive. In this paper a technique to model the error detection circuitry of CAN 2.0 protocols on reconfigurable platform have been discussed? The software simulation results are presented in the form of timing diagram.FPGA implementation results shows that the circuitry requires very small amount of digital hardware. The Purpose of the research is to diversify the design methods by using VHDL code entry through Modelsim 5.5e simulator and Xilinx ISE8.3i.The VHDL code is used to characterize the CRC block behavior which is then simulated, synthesized and successfully implemented on Sparten3 FPGA .Here, Simulation and Synthesized results are also presented to verify the functionality of the CRC -16 Block. The data rate of CRC block is 250 kbps .Estimated power consumption and maximum operating frequency of the circuitry is also provided.
Controller Area Network (Basic Level Presentation)Vikas Kumar
The document discusses Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, which is a vehicle bus standard that allows microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer. Key points:
- CAN bus uses a serial communication protocol and multi-master message model to allow nodes to transmit and receive messages.
- It employs a bus topology where nodes are connected to a single cable with termination resistors at each end to eliminate signal reflections.
- CAN bus is used widely in automotive applications but also in other industries like shipping, manufacturing, etc. due to its robustness, error detection and flexibility.
The Avaya VENA Fabric Connect solution provides network simplification and virtualization capabilities. It uses the IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging protocol with Avaya extensions to add layer 3 routing. This allows for edge-only provisioning, layer 2 and 3 network virtualization, equal cost multi-pathing, and protocol simplification using a single routing protocol. Fabric Connect provides alternatives to other proposed virtualization and simplification approaches such as TRILL, VXLAN, and SDNs.
The document provides an overview of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol through a presentation. It discusses topics such as IEEE 802.11 layers, channels, infrastructure networks, ad hoc networks, joining a network, synchronization, communication approaches, MAC functionality including PCF and DCF, encryption, fragmentation, management functions, and MAC frame formats. The presentation was given on May 9th, 2001 by Mahdi Ahmed Jama to provide an introduction to the IEEE 802.11a MAC protocol.
Design flow for Controller Area Network systemsAlexios Lekidis
The document describes a model-based design flow for CAN-based embedded systems using the BIP framework. It discusses challenges in designing CAN-based systems and outlines a design flow that uses formal models of the CAN protocol, application software, and system composition in BIP. The flow aims to enable validation and verification early in the design process through rigorous modeling of system components and their interactions. It presents BIP concepts for component modeling, composition, and analysis tools. The document also provides details on modeling the CAN protocol and application software in BIP.
Transforming a traditional home gateway into a hardwareaccelerated SDN switchIJECEIAES
Nowadays, traditional home gateways must support increasingly complex applica-tions while keeping their cost reasonably low. Software Defined Networking (SDN) would simplify the management of those devices, but such an approach is typically reserved for new hardware devices, specifically engineered for this paradigm. As a consequence, typical SDN-based home gateway performs the switching in software, resulting in non-negligible performance degradation. In this paper, we provide our experience and findings of adding the OpenFlow support into a non-OpenFlow compatible home gateway, exploiting the possible hardware speedup available in the existing platform. We present our solution that transparently offloads a portion of the OpenFlow rule into the hardware, while keeping the remaining ones in software, being able to support the presence of multiple hardware tables with a different set of features. Moreover, we illustrate the design choices used to implement the func-tionalities required by the OpenFlow protocol (e.g., packet-in, packet-out messages) and finally, we evaluate the resulting architecture, showing the significant advantage in terms of performance that can be achieved by exploiting the underlying hardware, while maintaining an SDN-type ability to program and to instantiate desired network operations from a central controller.
Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that operates at the data link layer. It was developed as a simpler version of X.25 to use over ISDN interfaces. Frame Relay is widely used for voice and data connectivity between LANs over a WAN due to its lower cost compared to dedicated lines. It uses virtual circuits to connect devices and provides bandwidth, reliability, and scalability benefits over private lines.
HIGH PERFORMANCE ETHERNET PACKET PROCESSOR CORE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORKSijngnjournal
As the demand for high speed Internet significantly increasing to meet the requirement of large data transfers, real-time communication and High Definition ( HD) multimedia transfer over IP, the IP based network products architecture must evolve and change. Application specific processors require high
performance, low power and high degree of programmability is the limitation in many general processor based applications. This paper describes the design of Ethernet packet processor for system-on-chip (SoC) which performs all core packet processing functions, including segmentation and reassembly, packetization classification, route and queue management which will speedup switching/routing performance making it
more suitable for Next Generation Networks (NGN). Ethernet packet processor design can be configured for use with multiple projects targeted to a FPGA device the system is designed to support 1/10/20/40/100 Gigabit links with a speed and performance advantage. VHDL has been used to implement and simulated the required functions in FPGA
Networking issues for distributed systemskingGovindi
The document provides an overview of networking issues for distributed systems, basic networking concepts, and Internet protocols. It discusses performance parameters like latency and data transfer rate that affect message transfer speed. It also describes various wired and wireless network types and their typical bandwidth and latency ranges. The document introduces the OSI 7-layer model and summarizes each layer's functions. It explains concepts like routing, routing algorithms, encapsulation, and the TCP/IP protocol stack. The document provides examples of routing tables, packet encapsulation, and how NAT enables private addressing on local networks.
controller area network is a serial communication protocol and nowadays is widely used in factory and plant controls, in robotics, medical devices, and also in
some avionics systems.
Carrier Ethernet addresses limitations of legacy telecommunications technologies by providing flexible bandwidth scalability through Ethernet. It allows bandwidth to be added remotely up to the port speed without technology changes. This enables services tailored to subscriber needs rather than fixed increments. Carrier Ethernet also reduces costs by using the same Ethernet technology across networks and simplifying operations. It can be delivered over various transport network technologies to provide services like E-Line, E-LAN, and E-Tree connectivity.
Design and Implementation of Bluetooth MAC core with RFCOMM on FPGAAneesh Raveendran
The System-on-Chip (SoC) design of digital circuits makes the technology to be reusable. The current paper describes an aspect of design and implementation of IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) protocol on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based SoC. The Bluetooth is a wireless technology designed as a short-range connectivity solution for personal, portable and handheld electronic devices.
This design aims on Bluetooth technology with serial
communication (RS-232) profile at the application layer.
The IP core consists of Bluetooth Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
(UART). Each module of the design is described and
developed with hardware description language-Very High
Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language
(VHDL). The final version of SoC is implemented and
tested with ALTERA STRATIX II EP2S15672C3 FPGA.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including definitions of key terms like network, link, node, gateway, transmission media, protocols, error detection, and reliable data transmission protocols. It discusses the layers of the OSI model and responsibilities of each layer. Finally, it covers data link layer protocols, framing, flow control, error control techniques like ARQ, and reliable transmission protocols like stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols.
The document discusses CCNP SWITCH study guide topics including layer 2 technologies, layer 2 protocols, VLAN configuration, and other related topics. Key points covered include SDM templates, MAC address tables, Err-disable recovery, CDP/LLDP protocols, UDLD configuration, VLAN types including access, normal, extended and voice VLANs. Configuration of VLANs, trunk ports, and protocols are described along with commands for configuration and troubleshooting. Requirements for converged voice, video and data networks on a single infrastructure are also overviewed.
The document discusses the history and development of the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus technology. It describes how CAN buses were developed in the 1980s to address the wiring harness problems resulting from increased electronics in automobiles. CAN buses allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate through a serial bus, supporting flexible messaging and error detection. The document outlines the key aspects of CAN bus design and how it became widely adopted in the automotive industry, particularly to support onboard diagnostics (OBD) through standardized diagnostic trouble codes.
This document discusses wireless ATM and its key components. It begins with an overview of why wireless ATM is needed to provide seamless connectivity to wired ATM networks. It then covers the basic principles of ATM, including cells, protocols, layers and reference models. Finally, it discusses the requirements and challenges of implementing wireless ATM, such as mobility management, QoS support, and adapting ATM to operate over wireless networks and radio access layers. The goal is to seamlessly integrate mobility into broadband wireless networks.
This document provides a technical overview of Ethernet services based on work by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) Technical Committee. It defines key terms like Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) and describes the two main Ethernet service types - Ethernet Line (E-Line) and Ethernet LAN (E-LAN). E-Line provides point-to-point connectivity between sites while E-LAN provides multipoint connectivity between multiple sites using a single EVC. The document outlines various attributes that define Ethernet services, like physical interface specifications, bandwidth profiles, and performance parameters.
Data Acquisition and Control System for Real Time Applicationsijsrd.com
This paper proposes an Embedded Ethernet which is nothing but a processor that is capable to communicate with the network. This helps in data acquisition and status monitoring with the help of standard LAN. Currently device with processor is widely used in industrial field. The Embedded Ethernet provides web access to distributed measurement/control systems and provides optimization for instrumentation, educational laboratories and home automation. However, a large number of devices don't have the network interface and the data from them cannot be transmitted in network. A design of ARM Processor based Embedded Ethernet interface is presented. In this design, data can be transmitted transparently through Ethernet interface unit to remote end desktop computer. By typing the IP address of LAN on the ARM9 board, the user gets sensor values on the PC screen at remote station. This provides the status of the devices at remote field. The user can also control the devices interfaced to the ARM9 Board by pressing the button displayed on the GUI of the remote Desktop PC.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
20 years of technology leadership through highly challenging projects: microelectronics, embedded systems, telecommunications, railways, mobile and web applications, IT systems for business management.
For additional information:
https://www.pmprofessional.ch
A NETWORK-BASED DAC OPTIMIZATION PROTOTYPE SOFTWARE 2 (1).pdfSaiReddy794166
The International Journal of Engineering and Science and Research is online journal in English published. The aim is to publish peer review and research articles without delay in the developing in engineering and science Research.The International Journal of Engineering and Science and Research is online journal in English published. The aim is to publish peer review and research articles without delay in the developing in engineering and science Research.
Design and research of CNC platform based on CAN busIJRES Journal
The conventional CNC systems mostly adopt closed design in the structure and function, so the
product is not compatible with each other Open CNC system based on CAN bus solves this problem.The
advancement of CAD and CAM technology based on CAN bus can make CAD / CAM system generate
NC code which directly control machine tool to achieve automated production . CAN bus networking
communication connect dispersed CNC machine tools,so that you can lower cost to achieve directly digital
control with DNC. The design are required to complete a open three-axis CNC platform based on CAN bus.
Required to have openness, each CNC system collects real-time data which is uploaded to a central control
room, then the host computer produce control instructions after co-synthesis process. In addition, each module
has a strong independence NC which can also be used in other systems. In all,the system has reliable,
responsive, cheap performance and so on.
This document describes using MATLAB Simulink to program and communicate between two dsPIC30f microcontrollers over a Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. It presents the development of a real-time digital system using Simulink, Real-Time Workshop and Embedded Coder to generate C code from Simulink models. The C code is then compiled and run on the dsPIC30f microcontrollers. Specifically, it communicates engine RPM values transmitted by one microcontroller over CAN to the other microcontroller, which decodes and displays the RPM on an LCD screen. The decoding algorithm is also described.
Renjini has over 8 years of experience in FPGA and ASIC design using VHDL and Verilog. She has expertise in digital design, processor architectures, and validation of FPGA boards. Some of her projects include designing FIR filters, USB specifications, and integrating peripherals into an SoC. She is skilled in languages like VHDL, Verilog, and C. Renjini holds an MTech in VLSI design and has worked on telecom products at Cyient and Tech Mahindra.
ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine and is one of the most widely used processor architectures. It was introduced in 1978 by the University of Cambridge and first produced commercially in 1985. ARM has a RISC architecture and 32-bit instruction set. It uses a modified Harvard architecture with separate caches for instructions and data. ARM is widely used in embedded and mobile devices due to its low power consumption. Its licensing model allows many companies to produce ARM-based chips.
The document discusses the Chameleon Chip, a reconfigurable processor that can rewire itself dynamically to adapt to different software tasks. It contains reconfigurable processing fabric divided into slices that can be reconfigured independently. Algorithms are loaded sequentially onto the fabric for high performance. The chip architecture includes an ARC processor, memory controller, PCI controller, and programmable I/O. Its applications include wireless base stations, wireless local loops, and software-defined radio.
Iirdem design and implementation of finger writing in air by using open cv (c...Iaetsd Iaetsd
The document describes a project to design a system for finger writing in air using an Open CV library on an ARM platform. The proposed system uses a webcam, ARM microcontroller and display unit to capture finger movements or handwriting in front of the camera and display it on the screen in real-time. It analyzes the finger trajectories using Open CV and recognizes the patterns for display. The system is aimed at providing a more accessible way of digital writing compared to conventional methods.
Implementation of CAN on FPGA for Security Evaluation PurposeIRJET Journal
This document describes the implementation of a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus on an FPGA for the purpose of evaluating security measures. It discusses how implementing CAN on an FPGA-based testbed allows for faster development and evaluation of cryptographic algorithms and other security primitives for securing CAN communications compared to using a real vehicle. The testbed design uses a Xilinx Zynq SoC with a modified OpenCores SJA1000 CAN controller in the programmable logic interfaced to a CAN transceiver. A Linux system is built on the processing system for application development and interfacing with the CAN controller to test security measures for the CAN bus.
The document provides a detailed chronological account of Franklin J. Rudolph's career, describing his roles and accomplishments in designing control systems and software for energy storage, programmable logic controllers, data recorders, pressure controllers, and involvement in robotics competitions while teaching high school science. The document outlines Rudolph's extensive experience across various industries developing real-time embedded systems, communications protocols, operating systems, databases, and user interfaces using a variety of programming languages, tools, and methodologies.
ETHERNET PACKET PROCESSOR FOR SOC APPLICATIONcscpconf
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2. Human-computer interface CAN
communication
module
Application layer
Kernel(including CAN
protocol family)
Linux OS layer
CAN drivers
AT91SAM9261
MPU
USB
LCD
Network
Touch screen
Flash SDRAM
CAN
controller
CAN
transceiver
Hardware layer
Data bus
Figure 1. Architecture of human-machine interaction system
III. CAN-BUS REALIZATION IN
ARM-LINUX ENVIRONMENT
In a rapier system, the other modules such as let-off
system are already extended with CAN control ports. The
CAN protocol is standardized in OSI model which
consists of data link layer, physical layer and application
layer. The controller implements the completion of the
protocol, and the transceiver converts the logic level
signals into the physical levels on the bus and vice versa.
A. The Hardware Design of CAN-Bus
The AT91SAM9261 module is extended with 64M
bytes SDRAM and 256M NAND Flash. Choosing
MCP2515 as the CAN controller, it is capable of
transmitting and receiving both standard and extended
data and remote frames. The MCP2515 interfaces with
MCU via Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). For the
purpose of improving system reliability and noise
immunity, we connect high-speed
optocouplers-HCPL0600 between the controller and
transceiver.
B. The Design of Drivers of CAN-Bus Based on
ARM-Linux
The Linux way of looking at devices distinguishes
between three fundamental device types: char module,
block module, and network module. Each module usually
implements one of these types.
Before Socket-CAN [1], CAN implementations for
Linux is often based on character devices. Socket-CAN
uses the Berkeley socket API, the Linux network stack
and implements the CAN derives as network interface. It
overcomes some limitation brought by character device
implementations, like: Change of CAN hardware vendor
need to adapt the CAN application; complex filtering have
to be implemented in the applications in user space. In
Socket-CAN implementation, CAN frames from the
controller can be passed up to the networking layer and on
to the CAN protocol family modules, including the raw
socket protocol and the broadcast manager, and vice versa.
So it can use all of the provided queuing function in the
Linux networking layer.
Application
Application
Protocol
User space
Socket
CAN
protocol
family
Internet
protocol
family
Networking driver
Character
driver
kernel space
CAN controller CAN controller
Hardware space
Figure 2. Comparison of two kinds of driver
So the implementation of Socket-CAN consists of
two parts: A protocol family PF_CAN and the driver for
CAN networking devices. The new protocol family
PF_CAN transmits the frames in the networking layer and
provides useful user space utilities. The driver’s function
can be described as follows: Initializing and configuring
the hardware; pushing the incoming CAN frames from the
buffer of MCP2515 to the buffer of the upper layer;
transmitting the outgoing frames from the upper layer to
the bus. When the driver is loaded, the kernel calls the
driver’s “probe ()” function. This function performs the
basic initialization including arranging address ranges,
requesting IRQ numbers and configuring SPI function. By
calling “register_netdev ()” function, the device is
registered at the networking subsystem in the kernel.
Receive path: When arriving at the CAN controller,
the incoming message is stored in the receiving buffer of
MCP2515. Then an interrupt is aroused automatically.
2001
3. Interrupt handler stores a notification into “softnet_data”
queue and the message is read from the controller later.
NET_RX_SOFTIRQ is called to place the frame into
corresponding skb_queue.
Transmit path: Sending messages is originated in the
user space. When an application wants to send raw CAN
frames, a CAN_RAW socket is opened and “send ()”
system call is issued. The protocol copies the CAN frame
into the kernel space and passes it to the packet scheduler.
After that, the message transforms to CAN frame by
calling “MCP2515_hw_tx ()” and write it to the CAN
controller’s TX buffer by calling
“MCP2515_hard_start_xmit ()” through SPI and the
message will be sent onto the bus.
CAN
contoller
IRQ
handler
Soft net_data
queue
Net_rx soft
IRQ
Skb_queue Applicaton
CAN message
IRQ skb
Figure 3. Socket-CAN RX path
C. Compiling and Loading the Driver of CAN-Bus
There are two ways to make the driver working. The
first is compiling the driver into the kernel statically. The
other is making it as a module so that we can just need to
load it when using it. We take the second way during our
design because it can save memory and make the
debugging conveniently. When generating CAN driver
module, firstly, we have to point out the route of
cross-compile chain in the file of “Makefile” on the host.
Secondly, it’s necessary to let the compiler know that our
target is ARM and our chain is “arm-linux-”. After
executing command of “make”, a file tailed with “.ko”
will be generated. The last job is to copy the file to the file
system of the target, and execute “insmod”.
IV. DESIGN OF THE INTERFACE AND
COMPLETATION OF THE DATA
INTERACTION
A. Design of the Human-Machine Interface
Qt is a cross-platform application framework that is
widely used for developing application software with a
graphical user interface. Because of its object-oriented
programming, large quantity of documents and abundant
of API for programming, we use Qt to design the interface,
too. Qt/Embedded is a version used for embedded system
which uses the same Qt libraries and API. So the interface
can be designed on the host and then cross-compile the
project to run on the target. The Qt libraries should be
transplanted onto the ARM first.
The function of the interface contains: Input operating
parameters like angles of reading the tension before turn
on the rapier; display some information when loom is
working, like warp tension, rapier’s speed; deal with some
counting such as stopping times, the length of weaved
cloth; display warning messages when loom shuts down
accidently. Some functions contained in the system are
shown in Fig 4.
User login
Parameter
setting
Data access
Data setting
Status
display
Hardware
testing
Running data
Weft choosing
Warp setting
Coiling setting
status
Warning message
Work shift
Date and time
CAN bus testing
Air break testing
Motor setting
Stop angle
Sensor setting
Weft feeder
Weft unit
stops
Stop angle
Speed
tension
Cloth length
Writting INI
Reading INI
.
.
.
File
invokeing
Figure 4. parameter scheme of HMI
In Fig 4, the function of files’ invocation contains
flower tissue’s copying and using, storage and
management. We can copy tissues from external
computers via USB port. All of the tissues stored in the
system will be shown by using list view. The system
carries along with the function of editing tissues of Dobby.
Soft keyboard is used to input data. When a inputting
edit-line gets the focus, the soft keyboard will eject
immediately. And every time before turns up, the position
will be update closely to the inputting area. The inputting
2002
4. data will be stored in the form of INI by using the class
-“QSettings”.
In order to prevent error inputting or operating, we use
“QRegExp” class and regular expressions to limit the
range of inputting. We also designed necessary dialog
boxes to note the users whether they can do it or they will
do it. All these measures can enhance the reliability of the
system.
When power on, the system will detect other modules.
If any of them doesn’t work normally, the interface will
give a message about the error. Even when the loom stops
working accidently, the interface will also show warning
message. In this way, the workers can fix the loom up
quickly according to the point. The interface is designed
like Fig 5.
Status of rapier
Parameter setting
running
parameters
Weaved
cloth
Shift and
efficiency
Figure 5. The main interface
B. Data Interaction
In order to transmit messages among CAN nodes,
CAN program should be completed in application. Since
Socket-CAN protocol has provided interface for user
space programming based on network, we just need to call
“socket ()” function to open a socket. The socket uses the
protocol family-PF_CAN which including CAN_RAW
and CAN_BCM for broadcasting. Then bind the socket
with CAN device and call “write ()” to send the message
after finishing writing the frame. Or call “read ()” function
to get the message on the bus.
To ensure the screen real-time response to user’s
operation, we use multi-thread programming method. One
of the sub threads is dealing with data receiving
exclusively. Once a sub thread is created, it is blocked
until an appropriate event happened. So the processor has
enough time to deal with other tasks.
C. CAN Communication Protocol
We custom the CAN communication protocol and
configure the MCP2515 working on the Peli-CAN mode.
Messages are transmitted via extended frame format
which consists of 1 byte for frame information, 4 identifier
bytes, and up to 8 data bytes. Since a frame has higher
priority when it has smaller ID, different frame types are
defined. ID13-ID16 is used to distinguish the warning
message, command message, broadcast frame,
multi-frame etc.
ID28 ID27 ID26 ID25 ID24 ID23 ID22 ID21 ID20 ID19
Frame type
Source address
ID18 ID17
ID16 ID15 ID14 ID13 ID12 ID11 ID10 ID9
Destination address
reserved
ID8 ID7 ID6 ID5
ID4 ID3 ID2 ID1 ID0
Functional code
Functional code
Figure 6. Definition of frame ID
V. CONCLUSIONS
The human-machine interaction system is a key node
of rapier control system. The interface designed based on
embedded Linux has good portability and scalability. It’s
also easy to be maintained and upgraded. By using Qt4
framework, color LCD with extended TFT format and
touch screen, the interaction between operator and
machine is convenient. Modular design method,
reasonable controls’ layout and better fault tolerance make
the interface more humanity. Using multi-thread
technology ensures that the response is quick enough. In
practice, the system communicates with other CAN nodes
in speed of 250kbps. The result proves that it works stably
and data transmit correctly. This work can be useful for
designing modern loom machine.
2003
5. REFERENCE
[1] “The SocketCAN project websites,”
http://developer.berlios.de/projects/socketcan.
[2] Su Rongyan, Chang Jiupeng, and Shao Liqing, Deng
Kangyao, “Design of Test Control System Interface
Communication Card in Engine Based on CAN Bus,”
Micro Computer Information, 2005,1,101 - 103.
[3] Li Dinggen, Chen Jun, and Wu Zhaohui, “Research and
development of in-vehicle information platform based on
Arm-Linux ,” Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering
Science), Vol.40, Sep.2006.
[4] Wang Hongkai, and Zhang Senlin, “Design of the software
system of automaitc flat knitting machine based on Linux
embedded technology,” Journal of Textile Research,
Vol.29, Feb.2008.
[5] T. Nolte, M. Nolin, and H. Hansson, “Real-time
server-based communication for CAN,” IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Informatics, Vol.1(3), pp.192 - 201, 2005.
[6] Zhao Bing, “Roving frame control system based on CAN
bus,” Journey of Textile Research, 2006, Vol.27(5), pp.84 -
86.
2004