This document defines and provides examples of independent and dependent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, while a dependent clause does not express a complete thought and must be attached to an independent clause. Some words like "if", "when", and "because" can indicate that a clause is dependent rather than independent.

2. It is a group of related
words containing a
subject and a verb.

3.  Independent Clause
 Dependent Clause

4.  INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
- is a group of words that
contains a subject and verb
and expresses a complete
thought

5.  INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
- can stand alone as a
sentence

6. • Andy studied in
the coffee shop.

7. • He went to the
mall.

8. • I am not satisfied.

9.  DEPENDENT CLAUSE
- is a group of words that
contains a subject and verb
but does not express a
complete thought

10. When Andy studied in
the coffee shop
(what happened?)

11. Because I woke up
late this morning
(what happened?)

12. If my neighbor does
not pay his rent on
time
(what will happen?)

13. These words can be a
signal that a clause may
be dependent.

14. after
as
as if
because
before
even if
whatever
whether

15. if
when
since
though
unless
until
while

16. whenever
in order to
although
even though

17. Andy studied his lesson
even though classes for
tomorrow had been
suspended.

18. He lost the book when
he went to the mall.

19. If James arrives later in
class, he will surely be
scolded.