This document discusses motivation and theories of motivation. It defines motivation, motive, need, drive, and goal. It describes physiological motives like hunger, thirst, sleep, temperature regulation, elimination, and pain avoidance. It also discusses social motives like affiliation, security, and social approval. Ego-integrative motives aim for recognition, power, achievement, autonomy, and defensiveness. Theories of motivation mentioned include Freud's psychoanalytic theory of id, ego, and superego; Adler's superiority and inferiority theories; Murray's need theory; and Allport's theory of functional autonomy of motives.
These are motives built around the “self”. They have to do with the individual’s need for self respect, self-esteem, the desire for prestige and status in the eyes of others, or the desire of power
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that proposes humans have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The theory suggests lower level needs must be met before progressing to meet higher level needs. Self-actualization is the highest level where one reaches their full potential, though Maslow believed few achieve this due to cultural and social restrictions. Critics argue self-actualization is not a basic need and Maslow's theory is too simplistic.
Type theories personality theories (4 Temperament theory, 5 Temperament the...Manu Melwin Joy
Personality type refers to the psychological classification of different types of people. Personality trait refers to psychological classification of different levels or degrees
4 Temperament theory
5 Temperament theory
Type A and Type B theory
Type D theory
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Enneagram of Personality
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus
Creating a Culture of Learning describes the key characteristics of a school with a culture of learning. Such a school possesses a widely shared strong vision, believes in effort-based education, and operates based on selective core values that grow out of the vision. It exercises effective leadership that derives power from trust, celebrates the teaching profession, and empowers teachers to be leaders. The school nourishes a spirit of teamwork among teachers and humanizes education by seeing the school as a people system focused on developing students. It generates motivation to learn and commits to a process of never-ending renewal.
The document discusses motivation and its importance in education. It defines motivation as something that drives people to engage in certain behaviors. Motivation can be intrinsic, driven by internal factors like interest, or extrinsic, driven by external factors like rewards. Teachers cannot directly control student motivation but can influence it by connecting to their interests and supporting competence. The key theories discussed are Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Bandura's self-efficacy theory, and the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
The document discusses several theories of personality including psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic perspectives. It defines personality as a pattern of consistent traits and characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior. Psychodynamic theories like Freud's psychoanalysis view personality as being shaped by unconscious forces and childhood experiences. Behavioral theories like Skinner's view personality as determined entirely by environmental influences and learning through conditioning. The humanistic perspective like Carl Rogers' person-centered theory sees personality developing through an individual's subjective experiences and striving for self-actualization.
These are motives built around the “self”. They have to do with the individual’s need for self respect, self-esteem, the desire for prestige and status in the eyes of others, or the desire of power
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that proposes humans have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The theory suggests lower level needs must be met before progressing to meet higher level needs. Self-actualization is the highest level where one reaches their full potential, though Maslow believed few achieve this due to cultural and social restrictions. Critics argue self-actualization is not a basic need and Maslow's theory is too simplistic.
Type theories personality theories (4 Temperament theory, 5 Temperament the...Manu Melwin Joy
Personality type refers to the psychological classification of different types of people. Personality trait refers to psychological classification of different levels or degrees
4 Temperament theory
5 Temperament theory
Type A and Type B theory
Type D theory
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Enneagram of Personality
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus
Creating a Culture of Learning describes the key characteristics of a school with a culture of learning. Such a school possesses a widely shared strong vision, believes in effort-based education, and operates based on selective core values that grow out of the vision. It exercises effective leadership that derives power from trust, celebrates the teaching profession, and empowers teachers to be leaders. The school nourishes a spirit of teamwork among teachers and humanizes education by seeing the school as a people system focused on developing students. It generates motivation to learn and commits to a process of never-ending renewal.
The document discusses motivation and its importance in education. It defines motivation as something that drives people to engage in certain behaviors. Motivation can be intrinsic, driven by internal factors like interest, or extrinsic, driven by external factors like rewards. Teachers cannot directly control student motivation but can influence it by connecting to their interests and supporting competence. The key theories discussed are Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Bandura's self-efficacy theory, and the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
The document discusses several theories of personality including psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic perspectives. It defines personality as a pattern of consistent traits and characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior. Psychodynamic theories like Freud's psychoanalysis view personality as being shaped by unconscious forces and childhood experiences. Behavioral theories like Skinner's view personality as determined entirely by environmental influences and learning through conditioning. The humanistic perspective like Carl Rogers' person-centered theory sees personality developing through an individual's subjective experiences and striving for self-actualization.
This document discusses group behavior and development. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. It classifies groups into formal, informal, command, task, interest, and friendship groups. It lists reasons people join groups such as security, status, self-esteem, affiliation, support, power, and goal achievement. It outlines a five-stage model of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages.
Here are some key points to reflect on:
- What truly inspires you and gives you a sense of purpose each day? Consider your core values and life goals.
- How do you find meaning and motivation? Through relationships with others? Personal growth and challenges? Contributing to positive change?
- What energizes and fulfills you versus what might be more superficial desires? Distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic motivations can provide insight.
- Our priorities naturally evolve over time. Periodically revisiting what really matters most can help ensure you continue growing as a person.
Taking time for self-reflection is valuable for understanding yourself and staying engaged by the things that truly light your inner fire. Wishing
Motivation approach,processes and theories Mac Pro
This document defines motivation and discusses several theories and perspectives on motivation. It describes motivation as goal-directed behavior driven by an individual's needs and desires. Several approaches to motivation are outlined, including incentive pay systems, considering social needs, and valuing employee contributions. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and ERG theory are discussed as content perspectives on motivation. Process perspectives covered include expectancy theory and equity theory. The document also discusses reinforcement perspectives, emerging perspectives, and strategies for motivating employees through modified work schedules, empowerment, and effective reward systems.
The document discusses the Johari Window model of self-awareness and interpersonal feedback. The model divides information about a person into four quadrants based on what is known to them and others: Open/Arena (public), Blind Spot (unknown to self), Hidden/Facade (known to self but not others), and Unknown (unknown to both). The goal is to increase the Open area and decrease the other areas through soliciting feedback from others and self-disclosure. Specific Johari Window types are also described that reflect different participation styles in giving and receiving feedback.
This document discusses how incentives can motivate employees. It defines incentives as additional remuneration or benefits given to employees for good work. Incentives can increase productivity, drive work performance, satisfy employees psychologically, and shape behavior. Management should offer both monetary incentives like rewards in money, as well as non-monetary incentives like job security, praise, opportunities for growth, and participative management to satisfy different employee needs. Positive incentives provide assurance for fulfilling needs, while negative incentives aim to correct mistakes through penalties or demotions.
This document discusses several theories and methods of measuring personality. It describes trait theory proposed by Allport which categorizes traits based on their breadth of application. It also discusses Cattell's 16 primary personality factors identified through factor analysis. The "Big Five" model consolidates traits into five broad categories. Methods of personality evaluation discussed include self-report tests, projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test, behavioral assessments, and interviewing. Both advantages and limitations of different approaches are presented.
The document discusses various theories and types of motivation. It defines motivation as the driving force that causes people to achieve their goals. It describes different intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, as well as theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and expectancy theory. The document also discusses the importance of self-motivation and having direction, focus, and confidence.
1) Ethological theory views instinctive behavior as consisting of three stages: the drive stage where an instinct is triggered, the appetitive stage where the organism searches for the goal, and the consummatory stage where the behavior is completed and the drive is satisfied.
2) Key scholars in this theory were Lorenz, Tinbergen, and Von Frisch who studied behavior in natural settings and observed species-specific, fixed action patterns that had survival value.
3) Instincts are unlearned behaviors released by specific stimuli and have characteristics like being species-specific and having a drive component that needs periodic release.
Abraham Maslow was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of a hierarchy of needs consisting of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Maslow's hierarchy proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other needs, and that unsatisfied lower level needs will dominate their behavior. The hierarchy of needs theory suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy and that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can be fulfilled.
This document discusses motivation and the key concepts in understanding it. Motivation refers to the internal processes that initiate and direct behavior toward a desired goal. There are several components to motivation including needs, drives, responses, and goals. Motivation is driven by both primary motives like hunger and thirst that are innate and help maintain homeostasis, as well as secondary motives that are acquired through socialization like curiosity, competition, and interests. Understanding the difference between primary needs and drives versus secondary learned motives is important to fully comprehending motivation.
The document discusses Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. Maslow proposed that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs like physical survival and safety before pursuing higher needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The document also provides examples of how businesses can apply the theory to motivate employees by satisfying each level of needs through compensation, role definition, and work opportunities.
The document discusses the instinct theory of motivation, which proposes that animals and humans are innately programmed to perform certain complex behaviors that were evolutionarily adaptive for survival, such as a spider building a web. It states that according to instinct theory, all actions and thoughts can be traced back to innate instincts, and that a person's actions are the result of their biological programming's drive for survival. The document also introduces the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to perform behaviors because of external rewards and incentives in the environment.
Motivation is driven by physiological or psychological needs that activate behavior aimed at satisfying those needs. Needs create drives that direct energy toward incentives that can reduce the drives. Motives are classified as primary, general, or secondary. Primary motives fulfill basic needs, general motives increase stimulation, and secondary motives are learned and include power, achievement, affiliation, security, and status. Secondary motives are most influential in complex human societies.
The document discusses the Big Five personality traits - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. It defines each trait and provides examples of characteristics associated with where someone falls on each trait's continuum. Openness refers to imagination and independent thinking. Conscientiousness means being responsible and dependable. Extraversion relates to sociability and assertiveness. Agreeableness involves being good-natured and trusting. Neuroticism indicates anxiety and proneness to depression. The document then discusses how these traits relate to motivation and behavior in different situations.
We consider personal development largely ‘personal’; something we do for ourselves in order to grow and develop.
Though pretty obvious yet seemingly self-explanatory concept of personal development is misleading.
Conventional definitions of personal development:
Wikipedia considers personal development as a process of gaining self-awareness, developing talent and aspiring towards a high quality life.
The Oxford online dictionary suggests that self-development is “the process by which a person’s character or abilities are gradually developed”, and
The Cambridge online dictionary explains personal development within a business context, seeing it as “the process of improving your skills and increasing the amount of experience that you have in your job”
The document discusses various concepts related to perception including:
1. It describes factors that influence perception like figure-ground relationships, proximity, similarity, and perceptual constancy.
2. Selective perception is discussed where people selectively perceive information based on their interests, experiences, and attitudes.
3. Social perception and attribution theory are mentioned, where social perception allows people to understand others and attribution refers to how people explain the causes of behaviors.
Big five Personalities, conscientiouness,Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neurot...Vaibhav Shrivastava
Sum of total ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with its surroundings and others.
Stable set of striking characteristics, responsible for person’s identity.
In order to study the personality traits, describing an individual’s behavior, categorization, a model was developed called , Big Five Personality Model
As a recruiter, it helps to find the candidates with personalities, best matching the roles the company is offering.
As an applicant, one can use to insight from this model to better understand him/herself and the type of role he/she is most likely to enjoy and grow with.
When a person's personality doesn't fit the job, everyone loses.
Emotional Intelligence, Goleman's Theory, Emotional Intelligence in work plac...Megha Anilkumar
This document discusses emotional intelligence, including its definition, components, and importance in the workplace. Emotional intelligence involves self-awareness of one's own emotions and the ability to understand others' emotions to guide thinking and behavior. It has two components - personal competence regarding self-awareness and management, and social competence including social awareness and relationship management. The document outlines theories of emotional intelligence and its evolution, lists primary and secondary emotions, and discusses how emotional intelligence benefits leadership, team-building, and career development in organizations by reducing negative emotions and increasing positive emotions and productivity.
This document discusses various theories of motivation and ways that individuals resolve conflicts between motives. It defines motivation as an inner force that directs behavior toward a goal. Motives can be intrinsic, coming from the activity itself, or extrinsic, seeking an external reward. Motivation theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McClelland's achievement motivation theory, and Freud's psychoanalytic theory of unconscious motives. The document also defines different types of motivational conflicts that can occur and defenses individuals may use to resolve conflicts, such as denial, reaction formation, and regression.
Motivation is driven by internal and external forces that arouse and direct behavior. Internal motives include biological drives like hunger and thirst, as well as psychological needs for achievement, power, and affiliation. External motives involve rewards and consequences from an individual's environment. Theories of motivation include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which proposes humans are motivated to fulfill basic needs before pursuing higher needs like esteem and self-actualization. McClelland's theory focuses on the need for achievement, while Skinner's behaviorism sees motivation as responses to reinforcement and punishment. Freud's psychoanalysis also contributed by emphasizing unconscious drives and how early experiences shape motivation.
This document discusses group behavior and development. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. It classifies groups into formal, informal, command, task, interest, and friendship groups. It lists reasons people join groups such as security, status, self-esteem, affiliation, support, power, and goal achievement. It outlines a five-stage model of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages.
Here are some key points to reflect on:
- What truly inspires you and gives you a sense of purpose each day? Consider your core values and life goals.
- How do you find meaning and motivation? Through relationships with others? Personal growth and challenges? Contributing to positive change?
- What energizes and fulfills you versus what might be more superficial desires? Distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic motivations can provide insight.
- Our priorities naturally evolve over time. Periodically revisiting what really matters most can help ensure you continue growing as a person.
Taking time for self-reflection is valuable for understanding yourself and staying engaged by the things that truly light your inner fire. Wishing
Motivation approach,processes and theories Mac Pro
This document defines motivation and discusses several theories and perspectives on motivation. It describes motivation as goal-directed behavior driven by an individual's needs and desires. Several approaches to motivation are outlined, including incentive pay systems, considering social needs, and valuing employee contributions. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and ERG theory are discussed as content perspectives on motivation. Process perspectives covered include expectancy theory and equity theory. The document also discusses reinforcement perspectives, emerging perspectives, and strategies for motivating employees through modified work schedules, empowerment, and effective reward systems.
The document discusses the Johari Window model of self-awareness and interpersonal feedback. The model divides information about a person into four quadrants based on what is known to them and others: Open/Arena (public), Blind Spot (unknown to self), Hidden/Facade (known to self but not others), and Unknown (unknown to both). The goal is to increase the Open area and decrease the other areas through soliciting feedback from others and self-disclosure. Specific Johari Window types are also described that reflect different participation styles in giving and receiving feedback.
This document discusses how incentives can motivate employees. It defines incentives as additional remuneration or benefits given to employees for good work. Incentives can increase productivity, drive work performance, satisfy employees psychologically, and shape behavior. Management should offer both monetary incentives like rewards in money, as well as non-monetary incentives like job security, praise, opportunities for growth, and participative management to satisfy different employee needs. Positive incentives provide assurance for fulfilling needs, while negative incentives aim to correct mistakes through penalties or demotions.
This document discusses several theories and methods of measuring personality. It describes trait theory proposed by Allport which categorizes traits based on their breadth of application. It also discusses Cattell's 16 primary personality factors identified through factor analysis. The "Big Five" model consolidates traits into five broad categories. Methods of personality evaluation discussed include self-report tests, projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test, behavioral assessments, and interviewing. Both advantages and limitations of different approaches are presented.
The document discusses various theories and types of motivation. It defines motivation as the driving force that causes people to achieve their goals. It describes different intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, as well as theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and expectancy theory. The document also discusses the importance of self-motivation and having direction, focus, and confidence.
1) Ethological theory views instinctive behavior as consisting of three stages: the drive stage where an instinct is triggered, the appetitive stage where the organism searches for the goal, and the consummatory stage where the behavior is completed and the drive is satisfied.
2) Key scholars in this theory were Lorenz, Tinbergen, and Von Frisch who studied behavior in natural settings and observed species-specific, fixed action patterns that had survival value.
3) Instincts are unlearned behaviors released by specific stimuli and have characteristics like being species-specific and having a drive component that needs periodic release.
Abraham Maslow was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of a hierarchy of needs consisting of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Maslow's hierarchy proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other needs, and that unsatisfied lower level needs will dominate their behavior. The hierarchy of needs theory suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy and that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can be fulfilled.
This document discusses motivation and the key concepts in understanding it. Motivation refers to the internal processes that initiate and direct behavior toward a desired goal. There are several components to motivation including needs, drives, responses, and goals. Motivation is driven by both primary motives like hunger and thirst that are innate and help maintain homeostasis, as well as secondary motives that are acquired through socialization like curiosity, competition, and interests. Understanding the difference between primary needs and drives versus secondary learned motives is important to fully comprehending motivation.
The document discusses Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. Maslow proposed that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs like physical survival and safety before pursuing higher needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The document also provides examples of how businesses can apply the theory to motivate employees by satisfying each level of needs through compensation, role definition, and work opportunities.
The document discusses the instinct theory of motivation, which proposes that animals and humans are innately programmed to perform certain complex behaviors that were evolutionarily adaptive for survival, such as a spider building a web. It states that according to instinct theory, all actions and thoughts can be traced back to innate instincts, and that a person's actions are the result of their biological programming's drive for survival. The document also introduces the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to perform behaviors because of external rewards and incentives in the environment.
Motivation is driven by physiological or psychological needs that activate behavior aimed at satisfying those needs. Needs create drives that direct energy toward incentives that can reduce the drives. Motives are classified as primary, general, or secondary. Primary motives fulfill basic needs, general motives increase stimulation, and secondary motives are learned and include power, achievement, affiliation, security, and status. Secondary motives are most influential in complex human societies.
The document discusses the Big Five personality traits - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. It defines each trait and provides examples of characteristics associated with where someone falls on each trait's continuum. Openness refers to imagination and independent thinking. Conscientiousness means being responsible and dependable. Extraversion relates to sociability and assertiveness. Agreeableness involves being good-natured and trusting. Neuroticism indicates anxiety and proneness to depression. The document then discusses how these traits relate to motivation and behavior in different situations.
We consider personal development largely ‘personal’; something we do for ourselves in order to grow and develop.
Though pretty obvious yet seemingly self-explanatory concept of personal development is misleading.
Conventional definitions of personal development:
Wikipedia considers personal development as a process of gaining self-awareness, developing talent and aspiring towards a high quality life.
The Oxford online dictionary suggests that self-development is “the process by which a person’s character or abilities are gradually developed”, and
The Cambridge online dictionary explains personal development within a business context, seeing it as “the process of improving your skills and increasing the amount of experience that you have in your job”
The document discusses various concepts related to perception including:
1. It describes factors that influence perception like figure-ground relationships, proximity, similarity, and perceptual constancy.
2. Selective perception is discussed where people selectively perceive information based on their interests, experiences, and attitudes.
3. Social perception and attribution theory are mentioned, where social perception allows people to understand others and attribution refers to how people explain the causes of behaviors.
Big five Personalities, conscientiouness,Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neurot...Vaibhav Shrivastava
Sum of total ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with its surroundings and others.
Stable set of striking characteristics, responsible for person’s identity.
In order to study the personality traits, describing an individual’s behavior, categorization, a model was developed called , Big Five Personality Model
As a recruiter, it helps to find the candidates with personalities, best matching the roles the company is offering.
As an applicant, one can use to insight from this model to better understand him/herself and the type of role he/she is most likely to enjoy and grow with.
When a person's personality doesn't fit the job, everyone loses.
Emotional Intelligence, Goleman's Theory, Emotional Intelligence in work plac...Megha Anilkumar
This document discusses emotional intelligence, including its definition, components, and importance in the workplace. Emotional intelligence involves self-awareness of one's own emotions and the ability to understand others' emotions to guide thinking and behavior. It has two components - personal competence regarding self-awareness and management, and social competence including social awareness and relationship management. The document outlines theories of emotional intelligence and its evolution, lists primary and secondary emotions, and discusses how emotional intelligence benefits leadership, team-building, and career development in organizations by reducing negative emotions and increasing positive emotions and productivity.
This document discusses various theories of motivation and ways that individuals resolve conflicts between motives. It defines motivation as an inner force that directs behavior toward a goal. Motives can be intrinsic, coming from the activity itself, or extrinsic, seeking an external reward. Motivation theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McClelland's achievement motivation theory, and Freud's psychoanalytic theory of unconscious motives. The document also defines different types of motivational conflicts that can occur and defenses individuals may use to resolve conflicts, such as denial, reaction formation, and regression.
Motivation is driven by internal and external forces that arouse and direct behavior. Internal motives include biological drives like hunger and thirst, as well as psychological needs for achievement, power, and affiliation. External motives involve rewards and consequences from an individual's environment. Theories of motivation include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which proposes humans are motivated to fulfill basic needs before pursuing higher needs like esteem and self-actualization. McClelland's theory focuses on the need for achievement, while Skinner's behaviorism sees motivation as responses to reinforcement and punishment. Freud's psychoanalysis also contributed by emphasizing unconscious drives and how early experiences shape motivation.
Physiological needs like food, water, oxygen, temperature regulation, rest, and elimination are the most basic human requirements for survival. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that higher-level needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization are only pursued once more basic needs are met. The document outlines Maslow's five-tier model and defines the nine basic human needs of security, adventure, freedom, exchange, power, expansion, acceptance, community, and expression.
This document discusses several theories of motivation, including:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs which arranges human needs in a pyramid from basic physiological needs at the bottom to self-actualization needs at the top.
2. Drive theory which proposes that internal drives arising from biological needs create tension that motivates behavior aimed at reducing that tension.
3. Arousal theory which suggests people seek to maintain an optimal personal level of arousal and will engage in stimulating or relaxing activities accordingly.
4. Incentive theory which posits that external rewards and punishments motivate behavior rather than internal drives.
The document discusses motivation and its key aspects. It defines motivation as states that drive behavior towards goals, with three components: the driving state, aroused behavior, and the goal. Motivation can be extrinsic or intrinsic. Key theories on motivation are also summarized, including behavioral views focusing on conditioning, Freud's instinct theory, Adler's social motivation theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Different types of motives, drives, needs, and methods to measure motivation are also outlined.
Motives are the reasons that drive human and animal behavior. They arise from biological needs like hunger, thirst, and homeostasis, as well as social and personal factors. Biologically, motives work to maintain equilibrium in the body. Socially, motives include achievement, aggression when frustrated, power over others, acquiring property, curiosity, affiliation with groups, seeking approval, and ensuring security. Unconscious motives also influence behavior. Motives energize, direct, sustain, and stop behaviors, and can help explain and predict actions. As a nurse, it is important to understand patients' motives to provide appropriate care and note how motives manifest in behaviors.
This presentation is based on psychology education. The slides explain Motives and its different types of motives and their relation to psychological and physiological knowledge.
Motivation refers to factors that cause us to act in specific ways. There are seven rules of motivation including setting goals, finishing projects, socializing with similar people, learning how to learn, matching interests and talents, increasing knowledge in inspiring subjects, and taking risks. Motivation theories include instinct theory, drive reduction theory, incentive theory, and cognitive theory. Biological needs are requirements for survival while social needs are learned through experience, such as achievement, affiliation, autonomy, and self-actualization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes satisfying basic physiological needs before advancing to higher social needs.
This document discusses different theories and perspectives on motivation. It describes motivation as the internal and external factors that drive and direct behavior. Several key theories are outlined, including: drive reduction theory, which sees motivation coming from biological needs; Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which arranges needs from basic to complex; and reinforcement theory, where behavior is motivated by rewards. The document also discusses unconscious motives, homeostasis, incentives, and different ways to categorize and group motives.
The document discusses several theories of motivation:
- Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people are motivated to resolve inconsistencies between their beliefs and behaviors.
- Instinct theory suggests that motivation comes from innate instincts and behaviors that are species-specific.
- Drive reduction theory views motivation as stemming from drives to reduce physiological or learned needs.
- Opponent-process theory describes how emotional reactions trigger opposite subsequent emotions.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before pursuing higher-level needs like esteem and self-actualization.
- Cognitive theories view motivation as influenced by expectations, self-efficacy, and the desire for cognitive consistency.
Psychoanalysis is a theory and therapy developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious motivation. It views human nature as driven by pleasure and pain and believes personality is made up of the id, ego, and superego. Defense mechanisms like repression and rationalization protect the ego from anxiety arising from conflicts between the id and superego. Freud proposed psychosexual stages of development from infancy through childhood that can result in fixations if needs are not properly met.
Motivation refers to an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction.
Emotion is a state involving pattern of facial and bodily changes, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action.
Emotions are positive or negative feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by physical, psychological arousal and related behavior.
Emotions give life its feeling and meaning. They enrich life. Without emotions, things would be quite a routine and dull.
The document discusses different theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, incentive theory, arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It also covers cognitive theory, biological motives like hunger and thirst, stimulus motives including sensory stimulation, curiosity and exploration, and competence. Learned social motives such as achievement, power, and affiliation are also discussed. Theories provide frameworks for understanding what motivates human and animal behavior.
This document discusses different theories of motivation. It begins by defining motivation as the process that starts, directs, and sustains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation can be intrinsic, stemming from internal satisfaction of an activity itself, or extrinsic, driven by external rewards or punishments. Six major theories of motivation are then outlined: instinct theory, drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, incentive theory, and humanistic theory. Key concepts in each theory like needs, drives, homeostasis, and optimal arousal levels are explained through examples. The document also discusses different types of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as specific needs like achievement, affiliation and power.
Motivation is defined as the inner drive that directs behavior toward goals. There are two main types of motivation - intrinsic motivation which involves engaging in an activity for its own sake rather than external rewards, and extrinsic motivation which involves behavior driven by external rewards. Motivation involves four steps - a motive or need, behavior to fulfill that need, achieving a goal which satisfies the need, and feedback. Key theories of motivation include Maslow's hierarchy of needs which arranges needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, and incentive theory which proposes that people are motivated by rewards.
Motivation is a complex process that influences human behavior. There are several theories that seek to explain what motivates individuals and impacts their productivity. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs before pursuing safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene factors like salary that prevent dissatisfaction and motivators like achievement that create satisfaction. McClelland's theory focuses on three needs - achievement, power and affiliation - that influence behavior. Equity theory, expectancy theory and goal-setting theory are examples of process theories that examine how people's motivation is affected by expectations, outcomes and goal-setting.
The document discusses different theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, incentive theory, arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It also covers biological motives like hunger and thirst, stimulus motives including sensory stimulation, curiosity and exploration, and competence. Learned social motives such as achievement, power, and affiliation are mentioned as well.
This chapter looks at how our motivations are emotionally directed and vice-versa. There is a discussion of eating disorders, sexual behavior, and the role of the amygdala.
This document discusses motivation and the different types of motives that drive human behavior. It defines motivation as physiological or psychological arousal that causes behavior. There are biological drives like hunger and thirst aimed at survival. General drives seek new experiences through curiosity, activity, and affection. Acquired motives are learned and include needs for achievement, autonomy, order, and affiliation. Understanding motivation provides insight into why people do what they do.
The document discusses different types of communication contexts including intrapersonal, interpersonal, public, and mass communication. It provides examples of activities to demonstrate different speech contexts and appropriate behaviors in situations. Students are also assigned to interview a professional about developing interpersonal and intrapersonal skills.
This document discusses stress and coping. It defines stress as the physiological response to demands placed on the body and outlines common stressors like frustration, pressure, boredom, trauma, conflict and change. It describes the fight or flight response and psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms of stress. It then discusses coping strategies, distinguishing between problem-focused coping which addresses the stressor, and emotion-focused coping which manages emotional response. Examples of coping techniques are provided.
This document discusses theories of personality from multiple perspectives. It describes personality as encompassing appearances, abilities, motives, emotions, and life experiences. Personality development is influenced by heredity, environment, family, and culture. The document outlines several theories of personality, including: constitutional types based on physique; Jung's introvert/extrovert theory; trait theories focusing on consistent behaviors; and psychodynamic theories emphasizing unconscious forces and early development. Freud's psychodynamic model incorporates conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind, as well as stages of psychosexual development. Learning theories also influence personality.
The document discusses theories of emotion. It describes three major theories:
1. The James-Lange theory from 1885 which proposed that physiological responses generate emotions.
2. The Cannon-Bard theory from 1927 which argued that physiological and emotional experiences occur simultaneously rather than emotions resulting from physiological responses.
3. Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory from 1962 which suggested that emotional experience requires both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of the arousal based on the situation.
The document also discusses other theories such as the activation theory which views emotion as a state of heightened arousal in the nervous system rather than a distinct psychological process.
This document discusses the different types of paragraphs: descriptive paragraphs use vivid language to describe people, objects, or scenes; narrative paragraphs tell a story in chronological order; expository paragraphs explain or provide information on a topic; persuasive paragraphs aim to convince the audience of a viewpoint. The type of paragraph used depends on the writing purpose - descriptive and narrative paragraphs entertain or express, while expository and persuasive paragraphs inform or influence the reader.
The document provides background information on Hinilawod, an epic folk tale of the Sulod people from the Philippines. It is an oral tradition that chronicles the adventures of the hero Humadapnon as he encounters difficulties on his journey. The tale includes supernatural elements like Nagmalitong Yawa and Alunsina intervening in the story. It describes Humadapnon's reaction to Nagmalitong Yawa marrying again after being returned to life, and Alunsina's role in resolving a seven-year fight between Humadapnon and another man.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective restaurant review. It recommends establishing criteria for evaluation and presenting claims objectively to lend credibility. Key details include types of restaurants, factors to consider like location, and structuring the review with an introduction, body paragraphs on positives and negatives, and a conclusion with an overall rating. The review should provide informed judgments to help readers make consumer decisions.
The document provides instructions for a pre-writing activity where students are asked to recall and retell in their own words a novel or short story discussed in a previous English class. It asks students to reflect on whether they found the retelling difficult and what strategies they used. The document then discusses the differences between paraphrasing and summarizing, with paraphrasing being the restatement of a passage in another form while maintaining the overall meaning, and summarizing being providing an abbreviated version of the essence of an entire text. Steps for both paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism are provided.
The descriptive paragraph vividly describes the scene of a sunset with colorful swirls of sky meeting the solar winds and the sun slowly hiding behind the horizon as the moon rises and people are entranced by the cool, calm scene.
Here are some key points about slang from the document:
- Slang is informal vocabulary that is nonstandard and not universally recognized. It is used among members of a particular social or age group.
- Slang originates from subcultures in societies like occupational groups, teenagers, racial minorities, drug addicts, and criminals. It is also influenced by mass media like movies, TV, music, and fashion.
- Slang is variable depending on region, gender, and time period. While most slang disappears quickly, some terms do become standardized.
- Slang is created through playing with words using techniques like rhyming, shortening words, borrowing from other languages, reversing meanings, and creative spelling
Eng7_Fictional vs Nonfictional WritingTine Lachica
This document contains a list of genres for both fiction and nonfiction books. It notes that the fiction genres include mysteries, science fiction, romance, fantasy tales, historical drama, and mystery novels. The nonfiction genres include autobiographies, memoirs, diaries, essays, speeches, journal articles, and more. It also provides examples of genres such as fantasy tales, novels, romances, mysteries, and historical dramas. Finally, it states that the Nonfiction Department has materials in many categories including biography, business, cooking, health, home improvement, religion, history, self-help, true crime, and more.
Eng7_Nouns Stressed in the First SyllableTine Lachica
The document discusses words that are spelled similarly but pronounced differently depending on stress. It provides pairs of sentences with the underlined words pronounced differently. It notes that two-syllable words stressed on the first syllable are usually nouns, while those stressed on the second are usually verbs. It then gives examples of noun/verb pairs and has the reader write sentences using each word correctly. The purpose is to illustrate how stress affects pronunciation and meaning of similar words.
The document provides context and definitions for the Mariang Makiling legend written by Jose Rizal. It defines what a legend is, noting that legends are stories passed down orally over generations that are often associated with a particular person or place, and involve elements of both history and myth. While not entirely factual, studying legends can provide cultural and historical insights into a group of people. The document encourages researching a Philippine legend and reflecting on what makes it a legend based on the definition.
This document discusses metaphors and provides examples. It defines a metaphor as a comparison between two unlike things not using "like" or "as", and identifies the tenor as the subject being described and the vehicle as the image with which it is compared. Several common metaphors are examined, such as "speech is silver; silence is gold" with speech as the tenor and silver as the vehicle. The document also lists metaphors from literature and religion and identifies the tenor and vehicle in each.
The document discusses different types of short sayings that convey advice or fundamental truths. It defines words to live by, proverbs, aphorisms, axioms, maxims, and quotations. For each term, it provides the definition and examples. It encourages coming up with your own words to live by and preparing to explain what they mean. It also includes exercises for improving voice projection and filling in blanks for famous English proverbs.
Scanning is a useful reading technique for finding specific information quickly. It is used to answer questions, locate quotations or statements, and find names, words, or prices. When scanning, it is important to know what you are looking for, anticipate its format, and run your finger down the page while following with your eyes. Scanning can help answer questions about TV program schedules by finding the relevant details like channel, time, show name, and topic.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
8. - are those directly related to normal body
functions such as the need for air, food,
water, excretion of wastes, rest, protection
from the extremes of heat and cold, sleep,
and avoidance of pain
9. 1. Hunger
This condition is believed to be caused by rhythmic
contractions of the empty stomach. The strength of
the hunger drive can be measured by discovering
how much resistance a human or an animal will
endure or overcome in order to reach food that will
alleviate the hunger state.
10. 2. Thirst
When deprived of water over a period of hours,
an organism becomes excessively active. A
dryness of the membrane of the mouth results
from a deficiency of water in the tissues and a
decrease in the secretions of the salivary
glands. The thirst drive is satisfied by drinking
water.
11. 3. Recovery from Fatigue
There is strong desire for rest when one is tired.
Hence, the urge to sleep can be very powerful.
The urge to sleep is a sign that the body needs
rest and relaxation. Sleep and rest help to
establish and maintain homeostasis or organic
equilibrium.
12. 4. Maintenance of Temperature Normalcy
A human being is a warm-blooded animal with
the body temperature maintained at 98.6
degrees Fahrenheit. The homeostasis process
by which this occurs is a constant internal
adjustment that must take place if good health
is to be preserved.
13. 5. Maintaining Proper Elimination
The process of elimination of waste matter is
taken care of by the body through the proper
functioning of specialized organs as they are
activated by adequate internal stimuli. When
there is any interruption in the process,
catharsis is sometimes taken to activate the
process.
14. 6. Avoidance of Pain
The need to avoid tissue damage is essential for
the survival of any organism. Any kind of pain
stimulus may dominate other stimuli in
controlling the direction of behavior.
15. - are that which arise as a result of
interaction with other people
16. 1. Affectional drive
This is the drive to have contact with, or be
near some object or person that provides
comfort and warmth.
17. 2. Need for security and safety
It motivates people to be cooperative and
thereby builds a society that enables
individuals to live together in peace and
harmony.
18. 3. The need for affiliation
This is the desire to connect or associate
oneself with others. The affiliation need
accounts for the high motivation of individuals
to join clubs, organizations, sports, and so on,
and to feel rejected if they are not allowed
entrance to a desired group.
19. 4. Gregariousness
This is the desire to be in the company or in the
presence of other people. We feel lonely when
we are alone. Our tendency is to be near
someone to talk with, especially with a person
who has the same interest.
20. 5. Dependency (or succorance)
It is the need to seek aid, protection, and
sympathy from another, the need to depend on
others, the need to have someone to look up
to and depend on for help.
21. 6. Social approval
It is the desire to behave in accordance
with what society expects of us.
23. 1. Recognition
It is a motive that let the people
feel the need for frequent tangible
proof of getting ahead.
24. Prestige Need
-refers to the desire to feel better
than other persons with whom one
compares himself
- is a desire to attain a
personality of a greater status
25. Status Drive
-refers to the need to have a high rank in
society, to be respected by people we
know and not to be considered inferior,
to be highly regarded by them
26. 2. Power Drive (or dominance)
This is the need to control and
influence others, to seek or compel
the obedience of others, to
determine their fate.
27. 3. Achievement Drive
This is the drive to acccomplish
something in order to have a feeling
of having done something
worthwhile or important.
28. 4. Autonomy
This is the drive for independence;
the need to resist the influence of
others, the need to feel that one had
power over his actions, and has an
area of prime responsibility.
29. 5. Defensiveness Drive
This is the desire of one to defend
oneself from blame, criticism, ridicule,
and censure.
It is the desire to preserve ones
good name; the need to avoid
failure,shame, and humiliation.
35. c.
- the moral part of personality
Superego
- the aspect of personality that holds
all of our internalized moral standards and
ideals that we acquire from both parents
and society—our sense of right and wrong
38. 3. Superiority and Inferiority Theories
- proposed by Alfred Adler, a
disciple of Sigmund Freud
39. 4. Need Theory
- proposed by Henry Murray, an
American who constructed a
projected test known as Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT) to measure
human psychological needs
40. 5. Theory of Functional Autonomy of
Motives
- proposed by Gordon Allport
who states that the motives of a
person develop in his attempt to
satisfy other motives
Editor's Notes
impel- to cause someone to feel a strong need or desire to do something
incite- encourage someone to do or achieve something
-a bodily deficit like lack of food, or a state of deprivation such as lack of oxygen
Drives then are psychological representation of need, i.e., whenever an individual has a need for something, he becomes tensed (pressured, stressed). This tension is often referred to as a drive.
spur- stimulate; urge
Goal or incentive is the objective (a condition or state) which the motivated organism seeks to attain in order to satisfy some need. The incentive then reduces the drive and satisfies the need and makes the organism less tense. Thus a hungry person will seek food which is the goal.
-also referred to as biological, organic, primary, or basic
Like the need for food, air, water, etc., thirst can be a powerful factor in controlling the direction of behavior.
Need for sleep and rest
Organisms respond to stimulation in the environment and from the elements as well as to insure them a regulated amount of temperature. The drive can be represented to be in proportion to the need. People in cold countries bundle themselves in clothing that will keep the body temperature warm.
Pain will lead to any behavior that reduces the discomfort- removing one's hand from a hot flat iron, taking off a shoe that causes pain due to a protruding nail in it, taking an analgesic to relieve a headache.
The common psychological or social motives that lead us to affiliate and interact with others are the need for security, social approval, affection, sex, and dependence.
-Love and affection are very powerful motives. This drive may develop from one or both of these souces: it may be an unlearned drive that emerges in the normal course of maturation; or it may, on the other hand, be learned through experiences with people who satisfy survival needs.
-An individual has a strong desire to be secure. The urge for security is one of the most powerful socializing forces.
-The individual who feels secure in his home, in his work, in his social relationship, and in his ability to cope with problem situations, develops attitudes of confidence that usually enable him to progress successfully in whatever he undertakes.
sense of belongingness
gregariousness- association; a state in which you enjoy the company of other people
We depend upon our parents for money, for our needs, and for advice.
-The desire for group approval is one of the strongest urges of man.
-We therefore, tend to avoid doing anything that will meet the disapproval of people around us. We want them to think well of us.
- They work hard to gain some measure of success, and if recognition is not forthcoming, they will eventually quit or try some other patter of behavior.
- Even a single pat on the back is often enough to reassure subordinate that his performance is appreciated.
For example, people in our country know that taking up courses that require passing the board or bar examination , having a big and beautiful house in their community, having a car, piano, and other expensive appliances are symbols of affluence and people having these are better recognized and highly regarded.
PRESTIGE - the respect and admiration that someone or something gets for being successful or important
Status is shown in the position or rank one has in the institution, agency r company one is connected with.
It is similar to prestige, but not the same in the sense that there are people who shun prestige and yet aspire for power.
-It also refers to the striving of an individual to succeed in what he undertakes.
-In our country, parents want their children to finish their studies and get a good and stable job. Seeing their children successful makes them feel happy for they have ddone something meritorious.
It also refers to the desire to do what one feels he is capable of doing.
censure- strong criticism
Abraham H. Maslow - social anthropologist
amoral- having or showing no concern whether behavior is morally right or wrong
-driven by pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state of anxiety or tension
-rules the infants as it is primitive and unconscious
rational- reasonable; justifiable
pragmatic- realistic
-According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.
Freud compared the id to a horse and the ego to the horse's rider. The horse provides the power and motion, yet the rider provides the direction and guidance.
Without its rider, the horse may simply wander wherever it wished and do whatever it pleased. The rider instead gives the horse directions and commands to guide it in the direction he or she wishes to go.
For example, imagine that you are stuck in a long meeting at work. You find yourself growing increasingly hungry as the meeting drags on. While the id might compel you to jump up from your seat and rush to the break room for a snack, the ego guides you to sit quietly and wait for the meeting to end. Instead of acting upon the primal urges of the id, you spend the rest of the meeting imagining yourself eating a cheeseburger. Once the meeting is finally over, you can seek out the object you were imagining and satisfy the demands of the id in a realistic and appropriate manner.
internalized- incorporated; made important
-corresponds to what is commonly referred to as conscience
compromise- to expose to risk or danger
Conflict within the mind: According to Freud, the job of the ego is to balance the aggressive/pleasure-seeking drives of the id with the moral control of the superego.
1. man is a pleasure-seeking animal; every act is motivated by the desire for pleasure
2. Man not only seeks pleasure but is likewise bound with the limits of reality which tell him that on certain occasions he must postpone an immediate pleasure in favor of more important future pleasures.
3.
Alfred Adler- a disciple of Freud
Adler presented 7 principles of human behavior. Superiosity and Inferiority are just few of them.
-he was able to identify 20 needs which he believes are present in alry individual although they may vary in strength and intensity.
-achievement, affiliation, aggression, autonomy, dependence, dominance, exhibition, avoidance
Example:
A man whose original motive for working is to earn a living but who may insist on staying on his job even though circumstanceo longer require him to do so. This may be due to the gradual emergence of new motives like the need for recognition and for activity.