The document summarizes solar power solutions for commercial office buildings and cold storage facilities in India. It discusses the problems with unreliable electricity supply and high costs, and proposes battery-based solar systems as a solution. The systems can provide uninterrupted power when the grid is down using solar energy stored in batteries. Case studies of 30kW and 140kW solar installations for an office building and cold storage are presented, outlining the technical specifications and operational conditions under different scenarios. Financial analysis shows payback periods of 5-6 years for both projects.

1. TLA international Energy Conference
2016
Uninterrupted Efficient Energy Solutions through Solar
For
Urban Office Building And Cold Storage Applications
www.statconenergiaa.com MANOJ PANDE

2. ABOUT US
SOLAR
POWER RAILWAYS
DEFENSE
Manufacturing Facility of 1,24,000 square feet Near Noida ( Pilkhua ) with >200 personnel
currently working for the company .
Office Address: B-81 Sector
63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
www.statconenergiaa.com

3. •Erratic Supply and poor quality of Grid
•Ever increasing cost of diesel and maintenance of Diesel Generator Sets
•DG Set running at less than 30% rated capacity causing a decrease in its life
•Loss of productivity among employees
•A sun exposed terrace causes extra strain on the Air conditioners
•Frequent power cuts of 10 minutes to 4 Hours
•Increasing cost of electricity with Time-Of-Day (TOD)
•Very High fixed charges bringing the electricity bill to > ₹ 9.50 Per Unit ($ 0.14 per
unit)
•Typically the peak load does not end at 4 pm and electricity charges can be as high as
15-20% in this TOD of 5pm- 10pm regime.
Present Scenario of Electricity in India

4. THE PROBLEM
A very common pattern across all developing countries exists where :
a) The electricity is available daily for 12-18 hrs per day
b) the electricity fails/interrupts 4-5 times per day and the duration may differ from
5 minutes to 4 hours
To cater for such unplanned and unpredictable failures almost all users do the
following:
1. Run a higher rating DG Set at a power varying between 30% to 75% of its rated
capacity, and
2. Keep free running of their DG Set for 2 minutes before switching off the DG Set.

5. THE PROBLEM
This results in :
1. Very High electricity bills owing to the higher rates of electricity
2. Ever rising cost of diesel adds to the increased bill
On all such interruptions there is at least 20-30 seconds of blackouts.
While 1st one results into cost/unit being directly proportional to the
percentage of loading, the 2nd one results in a situation of burning fuel
at 0% load for 2 minutes every time the grid resumes.

6. Looking at the energy deficient scenario of our country , where
everyone is forced to use diesel generator ( DG Set) as backup source of
energy.
An obvious quick fix solution through renewable energy sources to be
driven by:
a) through Government subsidy or
b) Actual business models based on the usefulness and not mere
investment opportunity.
THE PROBLEM

7. THE SOLUTION
Battery Based Solar Solutions for Uninterrupted Energy
1. Can Draw upon the power whenever required
2. Lead Acid Batteries can last long up to 6-10 years if treated properly
3. Almost Zero Pollution
4. Hybrid Inverters can export to the grid during lean load periods and
bring down the payback period
5. No loss of productivity as the Battery + Inverter acts as a UPS
6. Best possible solution for developing countries
7. Grid Tie inverters unsuitable due to their ineffectiveness against
frequent power outages

8. THE SOLUTION: CASE STUDY
SOLAR SOLUTIONS FOR URBAN OFFICES

9. LOADS AND SYSTEM DETAILS
System Details:
•PV Panels: 30KWp
•Inverter: 100 KWp
•Type of Inverter System: HYBRID Grid Synchronised (ON GRID /OFF GRID)
•Battery Capacity: 240V/ 300Ah
67%6%
10%
17%
Distribution of loads
Air conditioners Light Loads
Computers Misc
Load Details:
•Air Conditioners: Cassette + Split Type
•Computers
•LED Lights
•Television
•Refrigerators
•Coffee Machines
•Fans
• Water Pump
•Misc. Load
Total Peak Load = 45 KWp

10. SPV present, Grid available.
Battery Charged through MPPT
charger + mains, Load supplied
through Grid.
P1
P2 P3
P = (P2+P3)
Hybrid Solar Power System
Condition # 1
GRID
INTERLOCK
DG SET
OPTIONAL
CHARGING
AC LOADS
(Priority)
AC LOADS
(Others)

11. SPV available, Grid available,
Battery almost charged,
surplus PV power used for
AC loads connected.
P1
P2 P3
P = (P2+P3)-P1
GRID
INTERLOCK
Saving of electricity bills.
DG SET
OPTIONAL
Condition # 2
Trickle Charging
Hybrid Solar Power System
AC LOADS
(Priority)
AC LOADS
(Others)

12. P3
P1
P2
P = P1-(P2+P3)
SPV available, Grid available,
Battery almost charged,
ZERO or very Little load:
EXCESS POWER TO GRID
Pays You Back!
Condition # 3
CHARGED
Trickle charging
Hybrid Solar Power System
GRID
INTERLOCK
DG SET
OPTIONAL
AC LOADS
(Priority)
AC LOADS
(Others)

13. P1
P2 P3
SPV available, Grid unavailable,
Battery almost charged,
surplus PV power+ Battery used for
AC loads (priority) connected.
Condition # 4
DISCHARGING
Hybrid Solar Power System
GRID
INTERLOCK
DG SET
OPTIONAL
AC LOADS
(Priority)
AC LOADS
(Others)

14. Low PV available (or absent)
Grid absent. AC Load (priority)
Supplied through stored battery
energy
P1=P2
P2 P3=0
P =0
Condition # 5
DISCHARGING
Hybrid Solar Power System
GRID
INTERLOCK
DG SET
OPTIONAL
AC LOADS
(Priority)
AC LOADS
(Others)

15. SPV not available. Grid available,
Battery charging through grid,
Load supplied through Grid
Optional Time based grid charging of
battery also available
P1
P2 P3
P= (P2+P3)+P1
Condition # 6
CHARGING
Hybrid Solar Power System
GRID
INTERLOCK
DG SET
OPTIONAL
CHARGING
AC LOADS
(Priority)
AC LOADS
(Others)

16. Condition # 7
SPV not available. Grid not available,
Battery charging through DG SET,
Load supplied through DG SET.
AC LOADS
(Priority)
P1
AC LOADS
(Others)
P2 P3
P= (P2+P3)+P1
Hybrid Solar Power System
GRID
INTERLOCK
DG SET
OPTIONAL
CHARGING

17. REMOTE MONITORING

18. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
• Initial Investment:
PV Panels: 250×120= 30KW= 12,42,400 ₹
Inverter: 100kVA= 10,00,000 ₹
Batteries: 2Vx120 /300Ah = 6,80,000 ₹
Mounting structure= 1,80,000 ₹
AJB=8,000 ₹
Wires=50,000 ₹
Installation and commissioning= 1,00,000 ₹
TOTAL= 22,60,000 ₹
• Savings & Payback Period
Per unit cost of electricity= 9.86 ₹
Per unit cost of DG, electricity=22.83 ₹
(Note: we are considering 70% from electricity and 30% from DG for per unit cost)
Total energy generated by solar per year (units) = 46530 units or KWH
Total savings per year ( in rupees) = 6,32,436 ₹
PAYBACK PERIOD
Payback period = 5.5 years

19. ACTUAL SITE PHOTOS

20. Details Of Solar Cold Storage
Location : ETAWAH | U.P. | India Months : Feb to Oct
PV capacity selected - 140 KWp Battery - 700AH/500V Lead Acid,
Inverters : Hybrid (can also be used as Grid
export)
* VFD 1 : 120 hp
* VFD 2 : 20 hp * VFD 3 : 10 hp

21. • Cold storage is a well known term which means a huge storing area for
vegetables/fruits ,Chocolates/ drugs etc. can be stored at a lower temperature in a
controlled environment for preservation of its qualities / flavor etc.
• So it does not need rocket science to understand the working
of a cold storage.
• Typically a cold storage uses big
compressor motor , water pump
motor , blower motor, lights, fans
and electricity for utility services.
WHAT IS A COLD STORAGE?

22. In India we have generally three categories of cold storages
Type 1 : Urban/Cities areas with 24 hrs electric supply . 10-15%
Type 2: Areas with 16-18 hrs of Grid supply & 4-6 interruptions/ day. 50-65%
Type 3: Areas with 12-14 hrs of Grid supply & 4-6 interruptions/ day. 20-30%
COLD STORAGE COSTS
ELECTRICITY BILL BREAKDOWN IN COLD
STORAGES
GRID
DIESEL
MAINTENANCE
SALARIES
MISC
FIXED CHARGES

23. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
PV
Condition # 1
PV Present , Grid
available, Battery
charging + Motor & load
requirement shared by
both but with PV as
priority
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
CHARGING
COMPRESSOR
120HP
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
VFD 2
10HP
~
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~

24. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 2
PV Present, Grid
unavailable. Battery
charging + Motor &
load requirement met
by PV with as Battery as
buffer.
PV
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
CHARGING
COMPRESSOR
120HP
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
VFD 2
10HP
~
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~

25. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 3
PV present, Grid un-
available. Battery charging
+ Motors load
requirement met by PV.
With temperature
achieved by compressor
working in Energy saving
mode.
PV
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
CHARGING
COMPRESSOR
120HP
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
VFD 2
10HP
~
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~

26. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 4
PV present, Grid available.
Battery charged & Motors
load requirement is met by
PV. With temperature
achieved ,compressor works
in Energy saving mode.
EXCESS POWER
EXPORT TO GRID!!
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
CHARGED
COMPRESSOR
120HP
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
VFD 2
10HP
~
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~

27. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 5
PV & Grid un-available.
Battery charging + Motors load
requirement me by Battery
only. With temperature
achieved compressor working
in Energy saving mode.
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
DISCHARGING
COMPRESSOR
120HP
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
VFD 2
10HP
~
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~

28. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 6
PV & Grid un-available.
Battery loosing 30% capacity.
DG1 starts supplying Battery
+ Motors load
requirements.DG1 running at
90% Load.
Better DG set utilization
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
DISCHARGING
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
COMPRESSOR
120HP
VFD 2
10HP
~
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~
LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C

29. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 7
PV & Grid un-available.
Battery losing 50% capacity.
DG2 starts supplying Battery
+ Motors load requirements.
DG2 running at >60% Load.
After approx 2 hrs ,
changeover to DG1
anticipated.
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
CHARGING
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 2
10HP
~
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~
LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
COMPRESSOR
120HP

30. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 8
Grid resumes. Battery
charging + Motors load
requirement met by Grid
with Battery buffer .
COMPRESSOR
120HP
TEMPERATURE
PROBE
CHARGING
GRID
DG2 (320KW)
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
P L C
VFD 2
10HP
~
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~

31. Solar Power System for Cold Storage
DG1(40KW)
GRID
MPPT CHARGER
MAIN CHARGER
C1
C2
BATTERY
AC change-
over panel
Condition # 10
OFF SEASON
PV Present , Grid available .
PV Power EXPORT to Grid
under Net-Metering .
DG2 (320KW)
COMPRESSOR
120HP
VFD 2
10HP
~
VFD 3
20HP
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
VFD 1
120HP
~
PUMP 1X10HP
VFD
PANEL
BLOWERS 5X3 HP
SINE
WAVE
INV.
~
LIGHT & FANS
LOAD
TEMPERATURE
PROBEP L C

33. REAL TIME MONITORING OF DATA

34. -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
TOTAL PV POWER BC POWER KW BATTERY POWER LOAD POWER KW

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