1. The document analyzes the performance of a 37 watt standalone solar photovoltaic system.
2. It provides the specifications of the system, methodology for testing, and evaluation indexes to analyze the system performance including I-V and P-V curves of the solar panel.
3. The analysis found that the panel characteristics matched theoretical performance curves and the maximum power output was 5.63 watts under halogen irradiation and 24.88 watts under solar irradiation.
Experimental study of the effects of tilt, shading, and temperature on photov...Colin Moynihan
The effect of tilt, temperature, and shading on the performance of PV panels was investigated. Dataloggers were used for real-time collection of solar radiation, temperature and power output data. Through the analysis of the PV panel design and collected data, optimal environmental conditions were determined.
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic module using Matlab/SimulinkIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents the circuit model of photovoltaic (PV) module. Simulation and modeling is done
using MATLAB/ Simulink software package. The proposed model is user friendly and can be used as a common
platform for both applied physics scientist and power electronics engineers. A detailed modeling procedure is
presented. The designed model is verified by using STP255-20/Wd PV module. The IV and PV characteristics
are simulated at different temperature and irradiance conditions and the results are verified. The proposed
model is very simple fast and accurate. The designed model can be used for analysis of PV characteristics and
for simulation of maximum power point tracking algorithms
Experimental study of the effects of tilt, shading, and temperature on photov...Colin Moynihan
The effect of tilt, temperature, and shading on the performance of PV panels was investigated. Dataloggers were used for real-time collection of solar radiation, temperature and power output data. Through the analysis of the PV panel design and collected data, optimal environmental conditions were determined.
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic module using Matlab/SimulinkIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents the circuit model of photovoltaic (PV) module. Simulation and modeling is done
using MATLAB/ Simulink software package. The proposed model is user friendly and can be used as a common
platform for both applied physics scientist and power electronics engineers. A detailed modeling procedure is
presented. The designed model is verified by using STP255-20/Wd PV module. The IV and PV characteristics
are simulated at different temperature and irradiance conditions and the results are verified. The proposed
model is very simple fast and accurate. The designed model can be used for analysis of PV characteristics and
for simulation of maximum power point tracking algorithms
Distributed energy resources (DER) based micro grid and Nano-grid framework is most technically viable bottom-top approach to sustainably meet ever-increasing demand of rural and urban communities. Recently the growth of DC operative home appliances like mobile and lap top chargers, ovens and hair dryer’s etc. are increasing and therefore a DC/DC converter is an efficient way to meet the electricity need from the local DER and helps in improving the system efficiency. This paper presents simulation results of a buck boost converter, MPPT algorithm (P & O method) for solar PV module and closed loop PI control system for obtaining constant 12 V and 24 V DC output voltage at DC bus. The proposed methodology is to extract maximum DC power from solar PV system and it is directly fed to DC load or DC Nano grid.
Partial Shade Detection for PV Solar Panels via CUSUM AlgorithmUzair Akbar
The quality of power supply from photovoltaic solar panels is very sensitive to shading effects of single or multiple cells. The energy yield of a partially shaded photovoltaic system is much lower than we could assume from the mean solar irradiance. Some of the power loss due to partial shading can however be reduced by removing any shading objects that might appear when shade is detected on the solar panels.
The present work studies a method for real-time detection of partial shade on solar panels by monitoring the output power. We use the sequential change point detection algorithm CUmulative SUM (CUSUM) to detect any sudden deviation in the output power time series, and to raise an alarm for the user.
The experimental results on the output power of real photovoltaic panels show that our proposed approach can detect partial shading with low delay and high accuracy.
Modeling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic Field for 13 KW IJECEIAES
In the future solar energy will be very important source of energy. More than 45% of needed energy in the world will be generated by photovoltaic module. Therefore it is necessary to concentrate our efforts in order to reduce the application costs .This work investigates on the modeling of a Stand Alone Power System focusing on Photovoltaic energy systems. We introduce the models of the system components Therefore a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to track the peak power in order to make full utilization of PV array output power under varying conditions. This paper presents two widely-adopted MPPT algorithms, perturbation & observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC).A complete characterization and simulation model was implemented in the MatlabSimulink environment. Design complete system is done to analyze its behavior for a typical year, with the aim to evaluate their energetic effectiveness.
Solar inverter with autosynchronization using microcontrollerDhaval Brahmbhatt
Main concept of our Presentation is to synchronization of solar inverter with AC mains to provide uninterrupted power supply to home appliances in power cut off situation and to provide power directly from solar power system where electricity is not present.
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
This paper proposes the design and development of Arduino based solar charge controller with sun tracking using PWM technique. This PWM technique is employed using ATmega328P on Arduino board. The Arduino is used to charge a 12V battery using 10W solar panel. The main feature of this charge controller is to control the load. During day time when load is not connected the battery gets charged from solar panel. When battery reaches peak value of 14.7V charging current & further charging is interrupted by Arduino. An inbuilt analogue to digital converter is used to determine voltage of battery, solar panel and current drawn by the load. A solar tracking system is also implemented such that panel is always kept at right angle to incident radiation.
Design Of Charge Controller Using MPPT AlgorithmIJRES Journal
Recently non-conventional sources are in huge demand than the conventional sources of energy. Solar energy, though it is in great demand but it has low efficiency. So, to increase the efficiency of the system, we need to find the exact MPP. For this we employ a tracker called MPPT. The main aim will be to track the maximum power from the photovoltaic and feed the extracted power to the load via buck-boost converter. The purpose of this converter is to maintain the required voltage magnitude necessary for the load. In this paper, I have used P&O Algorithm to get the maximum power point and for efficiently designing the charge controller.
The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery.
Distributed energy resources (DER) based micro grid and Nano-grid framework is most technically viable bottom-top approach to sustainably meet ever-increasing demand of rural and urban communities. Recently the growth of DC operative home appliances like mobile and lap top chargers, ovens and hair dryer’s etc. are increasing and therefore a DC/DC converter is an efficient way to meet the electricity need from the local DER and helps in improving the system efficiency. This paper presents simulation results of a buck boost converter, MPPT algorithm (P & O method) for solar PV module and closed loop PI control system for obtaining constant 12 V and 24 V DC output voltage at DC bus. The proposed methodology is to extract maximum DC power from solar PV system and it is directly fed to DC load or DC Nano grid.
Partial Shade Detection for PV Solar Panels via CUSUM AlgorithmUzair Akbar
The quality of power supply from photovoltaic solar panels is very sensitive to shading effects of single or multiple cells. The energy yield of a partially shaded photovoltaic system is much lower than we could assume from the mean solar irradiance. Some of the power loss due to partial shading can however be reduced by removing any shading objects that might appear when shade is detected on the solar panels.
The present work studies a method for real-time detection of partial shade on solar panels by monitoring the output power. We use the sequential change point detection algorithm CUmulative SUM (CUSUM) to detect any sudden deviation in the output power time series, and to raise an alarm for the user.
The experimental results on the output power of real photovoltaic panels show that our proposed approach can detect partial shading with low delay and high accuracy.
Modeling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic Field for 13 KW IJECEIAES
In the future solar energy will be very important source of energy. More than 45% of needed energy in the world will be generated by photovoltaic module. Therefore it is necessary to concentrate our efforts in order to reduce the application costs .This work investigates on the modeling of a Stand Alone Power System focusing on Photovoltaic energy systems. We introduce the models of the system components Therefore a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to track the peak power in order to make full utilization of PV array output power under varying conditions. This paper presents two widely-adopted MPPT algorithms, perturbation & observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC).A complete characterization and simulation model was implemented in the MatlabSimulink environment. Design complete system is done to analyze its behavior for a typical year, with the aim to evaluate their energetic effectiveness.
Solar inverter with autosynchronization using microcontrollerDhaval Brahmbhatt
Main concept of our Presentation is to synchronization of solar inverter with AC mains to provide uninterrupted power supply to home appliances in power cut off situation and to provide power directly from solar power system where electricity is not present.
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
This paper proposes the design and development of Arduino based solar charge controller with sun tracking using PWM technique. This PWM technique is employed using ATmega328P on Arduino board. The Arduino is used to charge a 12V battery using 10W solar panel. The main feature of this charge controller is to control the load. During day time when load is not connected the battery gets charged from solar panel. When battery reaches peak value of 14.7V charging current & further charging is interrupted by Arduino. An inbuilt analogue to digital converter is used to determine voltage of battery, solar panel and current drawn by the load. A solar tracking system is also implemented such that panel is always kept at right angle to incident radiation.
Design Of Charge Controller Using MPPT AlgorithmIJRES Journal
Recently non-conventional sources are in huge demand than the conventional sources of energy. Solar energy, though it is in great demand but it has low efficiency. So, to increase the efficiency of the system, we need to find the exact MPP. For this we employ a tracker called MPPT. The main aim will be to track the maximum power from the photovoltaic and feed the extracted power to the load via buck-boost converter. The purpose of this converter is to maintain the required voltage magnitude necessary for the load. In this paper, I have used P&O Algorithm to get the maximum power point and for efficiently designing the charge controller.
The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery.
Gerry Jeffcott, of 360 Public Affairs, gave a presentation for the CCSN on the drug approval process in Canada on March 27, 2014. He outlines the divide between public and private networks, cost management, as well as the review and approval process for pharmaceuticals in Canada.
Presented by Bill Dempster and Gerry Jeffcott of 360 Public Affairs.
The presentation covers the following topics:
- An overview of Canada’s health technology assessment (HTA) system, including the national and provincial processes, which evaluate individual medications or therapeutic classes to inform funding decisions by governments and private payers
- How these systems have evolved to date to include patients’ experiences
- Attendees will also explore, together, how the HTA system could be improved to become more patient-centered in order to better meet the needs, expectations and values of patients, looking at a number of key questions, including:
- How and at what stage should patients be involved in HTA processes?
- What are the criteria for successful involvement of patients in HTA processes?
- How should patients’ perspectives be evaluated and factored into the formulary recommendations and, ultimately, coverage decisions?
- What are some of the current obstacles/barriers for successful patient involvement and what are the strategies/approaches to address them?
A Novel Approach on Photovoltaic Technologies for Power Injection in Grid Usi...IJERA Editor
The paper presents the simulation of the Solar Photovoltaic module using Matlab Simulink. This model is based on mathematical equations and is described through an equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, a diode, a series resistor and a shunt resistor. This paper presents integration of the grid distribution network in Indian scenario with solar power technology to meet the additional electrical energy demand of urban as well as rural sectors which are both rapidly expanding. First of all the data of a real life power plant having 24V, 230W Power PV module has been compared and analyzed with that of matlab program output for identical module and it has been find out that a variation in temperature affects the parameters values as well as the performance of the solar module. After the above analysis the design and Simulink implementation for single phase power grid connected PV system has been done. The system includes the PV array model, the integration of the MPPT with boost dc converter , dc to ac inverter, single phase series load connected to ac grid. It is demonstrated that the model works well at different temperature conditions and predicting the General behavior of single-phase grid- connected PV systems .
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper describes the Grid connected solar photovoltaique system using DC-DC boost converter and the DC/AC inverter (VSC) to supplies electric power to the utility grid. The model contains a representation of the main components of the system that are two solar arrays of 100 kW, boost converter and the grid side inverter. The paper starts with a system description, in this part we have given a definition and a short overview of every component used in this system and they are taken separately. The PV cell model is easy, accurate, and takes external temperature and solar radiation into consideration. It also proposes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The algorithm incorporated in a DC/DC converter is used to track the maximum power of PV cell. Finally, the DC/AC inverter (VSC) of three- level is used to regulate the ouput voltage of DC/DC converter and connects the PV cell to the grid. Simulation results show how a solar radiation’s change can affect the power output of any PV system, also they show the control performance and dynamic behavior of the grid connected photovoltaic system.
Nine Level Inverter with Boost Converter from Renewable Energy SourceIJERA Editor
A new single phase nine level multilevel inverter is proposed. The input to the proposed nine level multilevel inverter is obtained from solar panel . The solar energy obtained from the solar panel is not constant and it varies with times. In order to maintain the constant voltage obtained from the solar panel the boost converter is used to maintain the constant output voltage using MPPT ( Perturb and observe algorithm) algorithm. Then the buck boost converter output voltage is stored in the battery bank. Finally the battery energy is connected to the 9 level inverter circuits. The harmonics in the inverter is eliminated by using the fuzzy logic controller. The gate pulse for the multilevel inverter is given by the fuzzy logic controller which in turn reduces the harmonics in the inverter. Then the inverter output is connected to the grid are some application.
Modeling Combined Effect of Temperature, Irradiance, Series Resistance (Rs) a...IJLT EMAS
In this project a single solar cell performance is analysis with change in the various electrical and mechanical parameters. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current (I-V) and P-V of solar cell is varies with the influence electrical and mechanical parameters. In this project we analysis the solar cell with the following parameter such as temperature, irradiance and series resistance (R s) and shunt resistor (R sh). The analysis is done separate and combined effect of temperature and irradiance with series and shunt resistor. The single solar cell model is done by MATLAB-Simulink tool and the output under change in various parameters is verified.
Energy Storage Management in Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic SystemIJERA Editor
The penetration of renewable sources in the power system network in the power system has been increasing in the recent years. One of the solutions being proposed to improve the reliability and performance of these systems is to integrate energy storage device into the power system network. This paper discusses the modeling of photo voltaic and status of the storage device such as lead acid battery for better energy management in the system. The energy management for the grid connected system was performed by the dynamic switching process.
Modeling and Simulation of Fuzzy Logic based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MP...IJECEIAES
This paper presents modeling and simulation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar PV power systems. The Fuzzy logic algorithm is used to minimize the error between the actual power and the estimated maximum power. The simulation model was developed and tested to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT controller. MATLAB Simulink was employed for simulation studies. The proposed system was simulated and tested successfully on a photovoltaic solar panel model. The Fuzzy logic algorithm succesfully tracking the MPPs and performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. Simulation results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.
Simulation of grid connected photovoltaic system using MATLAB/ SimulinkIJAEMSJORNAL
In this paper, a whole simulation model of grid connected PV system with the practically of harmonics compensation is introduced during the simulation. The simulation model of grid connected PV system embrace a PV array, a dc to dc buck boost converter and a dc to ac inverter. Grid connected PV system is electricity generating solar system that is connected to the utility grid. Within the world, energy sources just like fossil fuels and nuclear reaction area unit wide used for electrical power generation. However burning fossil fuels and nuclear area unit wide used for electrical power generation. we tend to get I-V & P-V characteristics of the model. These are often desired by mathematical equation that is nonlinear.
Modelling and Simulation of Perturbation and Observation MPPT Algorithm for P...IJMTST Journal
Renewable energy has too much attention over past few years specially solar energy. Photovoltaic is a
technique in which solar energy is converted into electrical energy (DC). As we know conventional energy is
limited so we are trying to improve the uses of renewable energy like solar energy, hydel energy, and tidal
energy. A single cell of photovoltaic has still very low output so it is necessary to improve the performance
and reduce the cost. The model of photovoltaic presented in this paper can be used to visualize its output
characteristics which are I-V characteristics and P-V characteristics under different irradiation level and
temperature. In this paper MPPT- Maximum power point tracking is a method in which changing the ratio
between current and voltage delivered to get power by tracking one maximum power point from array input.
Here the system developed by combining (PV) photovoltaic module and DC-DC boost converter. There is a
detail discussion of DC-DC boost converter and perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm.
Perturbation and observation (P&O) principal is to create a perturbation by increasing or decreasing the duty
cycle of DC-DC boost converter and observe the change in PV output. Used algorithm is to track MPPs because
it performance very small control under rapid changes. This is experimentally verified by modelling the PV
system with MPPT algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink Software.
Modeling of Photo Voltaic Module under Partial Shaded Conditions Using PSO MP...IJMTST Journal
In this paper a modified BOOST converter is presented for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with PI
controller to improve the performance of PV system. SEPI converter is proposed as interface between load and
PV module array as DC-DC converter. Whichis more advantageous over boost converter for step up and step
down operations. The P&O and PSO based BOOST converter proposed are main key factors for high
efficiency output at foul weather conditions. The MATLAB/SIMULINK power system tool box will be used to
stimulate the proposed system.
Simulation Model for PV Array & Its CharacteristicsIJEEE
This paper presents the implementation of a photovoltaic model using Matlab software, which can be representative of PV cell module, and array for easy use on simulation. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block libraries. This makes the PV model easily simulated and analyzed in conjunction with power electronics for a maximum power point tracker.
Performance Enhancement of MPPT Based Solar PV System using Neural Networkijtsrd
In this paper, using artificial neural network ANN for tracking of maximum power point is discussed. Error back propagation method is used in order to train neural network. Neural network has advantages of fast and precisely tracking of maximum power point. In this method neural network is used to specify the reference voltage of maximum power point under di erent atmospheric conditions. By properly controlling of dc dc boost converter, tracking of maximum power point is feasible. To verify theory analysis, simulation result is obtained by using MATLAB SIMULINK. Rakesh Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Performance Enhancement of MPPT Based Solar PV System using Neural Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50540.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50540/performance-enhancement-of-mppt-based-solar-pv-system-using-neural-network/rakesh-kumar
Performance Enhancement of MPPT Based Solar PV System using Neural Network
mohan.final
1. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
37 WATT STANDALONE
SPV SYSTEM
Under theGuidanceof :-
Dr. Arbind Kumar
(Mechanical Department)
Presented by :-
ChandraMohan Kumar
MT/ET/10013/2012
2. OUTLINE
Introduction
Objectiveof thesiswork
System under consideration
Labeled Diagram of thesystem
Specification of theSystem
Methodology
PerformanceEvaluation Index
Conclusion
References
3. INTRODUCTION
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about
shortage of conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues
have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources. Dependence on
these fossil fuel resources is still on the incline due to high load growth
and high rateof industrialization and economic development.
The Solar energy is one of the most significant sources of renewable
energy. In one hour the Earth receives enough energy from the Sun to
meet itsneedsfor nearly ayear.
Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is often described as the direct
conversion of solar radiation into electricity, by means of the photovoltaic
4. Photovoltaic cell - isasemiconductor devicethat directly
convertsthe solar energy into electric energy.
Photovoltaic module -A solar PV modulecan beconsider as
an array of several solar cell connected in seriesand parallel
with largevoltageand current output than asinglesolar cell.
5. Stand-alone photovoltaic powersystems areelectrical
power systemsenergized by photovoltaic panelswhich are
independent of theutility grid.
Stand-alonePV systemsarealso called autonomousPV
systemswhich areindependent Photovoltaic systems. They
arenormally used in remoteor isolated placeswherethe
electric supply from thepower-grid isunavailable.
Element included in stand alonesystem
Solar panel
Chargecontroller
Battery
inverter
6. ObjECTIVE OF ThE PRESENT WORk
Objectiveof my thesiswork isto validate
thePerformanceof 37 watt SPV modulefor
usein standaloneSPV system.
9. SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM
Rated power 37 watt
Voltage at maximum power
( Vmp)
16.56 V
Current at maximum power
(Imp)
2.25 A
Open circuit current (Isc) 2.55 A
Total number of cells in series 36
Total number of cells in
parallel
1
10. METHODOLOGY
Halogen light used for radiation instead of sun radiation.
Radiation from halogen isequivalent to sun radiation1000 w/m^2.
Radiation arefalling on solar panels.
Solar panelsareconnected to control board .
Through control board (logger device)
i. Voltage
ii. current
iii. DC load
iv. AC load
v. Inverter I/P,I/Pcurrent and power
vi. Battery current , voltageand power
11. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF
SYSTEM
I-V and P-V characteristicsof moduleat different and radiation
and Temperature.
I-V and P-V characteristics of two modules are connected in
and Seriesand parallel
Effect of shading on I-V & P-V characteristic of module
Working of Bypass diode when two 37 watt module are
connected in series.
Power flow of stand-alonePV system of DC load with battery.
Power flow calculation of SPV system of AC load with battery.
Calculation of inverter efficiency
Evaluate the Fill factor, Maximum power output And efficiency
of module.
12. EVALUATION INDEX
P-V characteristics of 37 watt module in Halogen irradiation
Irradiation - 550W/m2 , Temperature- 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 0.44 0
5.9 0.43 2.53
16.1 0.35 5.635
19.3 0.21 4.05
19.6 0.15 2.94
19.7 0.11 2.16
20 0 0
13. EVALUATION INDEX
I-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Halogen light
Irradiation – 550 W/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 0.44 0
5.9 0.43 2.53
16.1 0.35 5.635
19.3 0.21 4.05
19.6 0.15 2.94
19.7 0.11 2.16
20 0 0
14. EVALUATION INDEX
P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation
Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 2.37 0
17.6 1.39 24.881
18.8 0.86 16.168
19 0.69 13.11
19.5 0.21 4.095
19.6 0.14 2.744
19.6 0.1 1.96
19.6 0 0
15. EVALUATION INDEX
P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation
Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 2.37 0
17.6 1.39 24.881
18.8 0.86 16.168
19 0.69 13.11
19.5 0.21 4.095
19.6 0.14 2.744
19.6 0.1 1.96
19.6 0 0
16. EVALUATION INDEX
P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37
watt PV module , Halogen irradiation, Radiation – 550w/m2 ,
Temperature - 33 c̊
Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp
0.39 0 0 0.88 0.2 0.176
0.37 7.8 2.886 0.63 18.2 11.466
0.34 20.5 6.97 0.31 19.1 5.921
0.3 31.4 9.42 0.22 19.2 4.224
0.26 37 9.62 0.16 19.3 3.088
0.22 37.8 8.316 0.14 19.3 2.702
0 38.1 0 0 19.4 0
17. P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected
module :Intensity 550 w/m^2
18. I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL
AND SERIES CONNECTED
MODULE
19. EVALUATION INDEX
P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37
watt PV module , Sun irradiation, Radiation – 1200w/m2 ,
Temperature - 33 c̊
Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp
2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0
1.23 36.3 44.649 3.43 14.5 49.73
0.85 37.4 31.79 0.55 19.3 10.61
0.43 38.8 16.512 0.3 19.5 5.85
0.25 38.8 9.7 0.13 19.5 2.53
0 39 0 0 19.6 0
2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0
20. P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected
module :Intensity 1200 w/m^2
21. I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES
CONNECTED MODULE
22. TErmINOLgy cONTD…
Effect of shading on P-V curve of module
Irradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33 c̊
No cell shaded Two cell shaded Nine cell shaded
Voltage Current Power Voltage current power Voltage current power
19.4 0.08 1.552 6.7 0.02 0.134 2.8 0 0
19.3 0.13 2.509 5.4 0.03 0.162 2 0 0
19.1 0.17 3.247 4.6 0.03 0.138 1.6 0 0
18.7 0.23 4.301 4 0.03 0.129 1.1 0 0
17 0.31 5.27 3.2 0.04 0.125 0.8 0 0
11.5 0.33 3.795 2.3 0.05 0.115 0.8 0 0
6.7 0.36 2.412 1.2 0.06 0.072 0.5 0 0
0 0.38 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0
26. without bypass diode with diode
I V P I V P
0 0 0 0.39 0 0
0 0 0 0.36 9.3 3.348
0 0 0 0.28 17 4.76
0 0 0 0.18 17.8 3.204
0 0 0 0.13 18 2.34
0 0 0 0.11 18.1 1.991
0 0 0 0.09 18.2 1.638
0 0 0 0 18.2 1.456
27. P-V curve of module in Halogen light
Irradiation- 550w/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
28. without bypass diode with diode
I V P I V P
0 0 0 2.37 0 0
0 0 0 1.39 17.6 24.881
0 0 0 0.86 18.8 16.168
0 0 0 0.69 19 13.11
0 0 0 0.21 19.5 4.095
0 0 0 0.14 19.6 2.744
0 0 0 0.1 19.6 1.96
0 0 0 0 19.6 0
29. P-V curve of module in solar
Irradiation-1200w/m2
, Temperature - 43 c̊
30. POWER FLOW OF STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM OF
DC LOAD WITH BATTERY
Module
Array
current
Array
voltage
Array
power
Load
current
Load
voltage
Load
power
Battery
current
Battery
voltage
Battery
power
Single
module
0.33 12.4 5.991 0.403 12.5 5.037 0.076 12.5 0.95
Parallel
module
0.85 13.1 10.708 0.404 13.1 5.2924 0.44 12.2 5.368
Array power = DC Load power + Battery power + power loss by charge
controller
= 5.037 + 0.95 + 0.0484
= 5.991watt (Single module)
And from table,
For parallel connected module = 10.708 watt
31. POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF SPV SYSTEM
OF AC LOAD WITH BATTERY
Module
Array
current
Array
voltage
Array
power
Inverter
i/p
current
inverter
i/p
voltage
Inverter
i/p
power
Battery
current
Battery
voltage
Battery
power
Single
module
0.14 12.1 10.246 0.695 12 8.34 0.546 12.1 6.606
Parallel
module
0.31 12.1 12.442 0.665 12.1 8.0465 0.36 12.2 4.392
Array power = Inverter input power + Battery power + loss due to charge
controller
= 8.046 + 4.392 + 0.048
= 12.48 watt
32. CALCULATION OF INVERTER EFFICIENCY
Module
Configuration
Inverter
I/P
current
Inverter
I/P
voltage
Inverter
I/P
power
AC Load
current
AC Load
voltage
AC
Load
power
Inverter
efficiency
Single
Module 0.726 11.8 8.5668 0.023 232 5.336 62.28
Parallel
connected
Module 0.656 12.1 7.9376 0.022 234 5.148 64.85
Inverter efficiency = (AC load power* 100) / inverter input power
= (5.148* 100) / 7.937
= 65%
33. CONCLUSION
1. Themodulecharacteristicsi.e. I-V and P-V curveobtained for the
modulesampleisin accordancewith thetheoretical characteristicsof
PV module.
2. Theseriesand parallel combination of PV moduleand their
characteristicsisalso found in accordancewith thestandard
performancecurveof areferencemodule.
3. TheFF factor – 60%,Maximum power output of modulein halogen
irradiation- 5.63watt , and Maximum power output in solar irradiation -
24.88 watt,
Efficiency of modulein halogen irradiation – 5.10% and in
Solar radiation -12%.
4.Theeffect of shading on SPV modulealso justified thestandard
pattern.
5.Theefficiency of inverter is 65% ,which isclosed to theefficiency of
astandard inverter considering thesameintensity of radiation.
34. REFERENCES
.Solanki C. S.,”Solar Photovoltaic Fundamental Technology
and Application”,PHI Pvt Ltd.2009.
.Khan.B.H., “ Non-conventional energy resources”, Pvt
Ltd.2009.
.S. Haykins , “Neural Networks: A comprehensive
Foundation”, Prentice Hall International 1999.
.Seizing and designing a stand alone pv electricity generation
system, ISBN-978-1-4577-1280-7, BY-P.SUNDRAM
Editor's Notes
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.
SPV systems are vital for rural Electrification.
Since the weather conditions vary according to seasons of the year, geological areas and the time of the day.
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about shortage conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources.
For a stand-alone configuration with high performance we need to perform various climatic and experimental tests.