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What is Policy?
Why create a Policy?
How to make a Policy?
What is Sustainability?
How does Energy Use Impact Sustainability?
What is Climate Change?
How does Energy Use Contribute to Climate Change?
The Energy Challenge?
Some thoughts on the Way Forward
Economics
Energy System Analysis, Fraunhofer ISE.
Dr. Christoph Kost, Head of Group Energy Systems and Energy
Prof. B. O’Galachoir, Chair ETSAP Executive Committee
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismKranav Sharma
This presentation provides a proper introduction to the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism in India; a possible tool for obligated entities to satisfy their Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) compliance. It includes the general background, need for, objectives, implementation and other key elements of the REC mechanism.
Introduction to the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismSpark Network
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism issued by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy of India to facilitate interstate transactions of Renewable Energy and to promote RE based projects. This report covers all the basic aspects of REC Mechanism along with the Operational Framewokr of the same.
What is Policy?
Why create a Policy?
How to make a Policy?
What is Sustainability?
How does Energy Use Impact Sustainability?
What is Climate Change?
How does Energy Use Contribute to Climate Change?
The Energy Challenge?
Some thoughts on the Way Forward
Economics
Energy System Analysis, Fraunhofer ISE.
Dr. Christoph Kost, Head of Group Energy Systems and Energy
Prof. B. O’Galachoir, Chair ETSAP Executive Committee
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Renewable Energy integration with grid,
Cost savings in hybrid for AC-AC & DC-DC coupling systems,
Case studies
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The electricity sector was unbundled in generation, transmission and distribution by the reforms carried out in the early 1990s. Generation occurs in a competitive and mostly liberalized market in which 75% of the generation capacity is owned by private utilities. In contrast, the transmission and distribution sectors are highly regulated and much less competitive than generation.
Private and state-owned companies carry out generation in a competitive, mostly liberalized electricity market, with 75% of total installed capacity in private hands. The share in public hands corresponds to nuclear generation and to the two bi-national hydropower plants: Yacyretá (Argentina-Paraguay) and Salto Grande (Argentina-Uruguay). The generation sector is highly fragmented with more than ten large companies, all of them providing less than 15% of the system's total capacity. Power generators sell their electricity in the wholesale market operated by the CAMMESA.
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n 2005, Argentina imported 6.38 TW·h of electricity while it exported 3.49 TW·h. Net energy imports thus were about 3% of consumption.
Argentina also imports electricity from Paraguay, produced by the jointly built Yaciretá Dam. On 18 September 2006 Paraguay agreed to settling its debt of $11,000,000,000 owed to Argentina for the construction of Yaciretá by paying in electricity, at the rate of 8,000 GWh per year for 40 years.
Total electricity coverage in Argentina was as high as 95% in 2003. However, about 30% of the rural population lacks access to electricity.
As more & more renewables get integrated into the Indian Grid, Energy Storage will play an important role in helping with Grid Management & smoothing out the peak curve created by Renewable Energy.
It is expected that Energy Storage will be a multi GW market in the years to come.
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Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Modeling Microgrids with HOMER: Capabilities and Benefits in the U.S. Grid-Connected Market, presented by John Glassmire, HOMER Energy, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
Key Drivers for Energy Storage
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Assessing the impact and representativeness of Dunkelflaute events in long te...IEA-ETSAP
Assessing the impact and representativeness of Dunkelflaute events in long term energy system planning in TIMES Belgium model.
Mr. Juan Correa, VITO NV (The Flemish institute for technological research), Belgium
Energy - Geostrategy and Geoeconomy - UNHAN - public.pptxSampe Purba
Collaborative and inclusiveness and fairness are the key to attack Climate Change
DS 592 dispute on NICKEL ... seems we still need long way journey for justice.
Part L and O 2021 – what these changes mean for designersIES VE
Presentation slides from Eric Roberts and Richard Tibenham of IES, from the 'Part L and O 2021 – what these changes mean for designers' webinar hosted by IES on 8th June 2022.
This presentation highlights on the following :
Need of wind-solar hybrid systems
Indian policy support to hybrid systems - MNRE & Gujarat State
Renewable Energy integration with grid,
Cost savings in hybrid for AC-AC & DC-DC coupling systems,
Case studies
The electricity sector in Argentina constitutes the third largest power market in Latin America. It relies mostly on thermal generation (54% of installed capacity) and hydropower generation (41%). The country still has a large untapped hydroelectric potential. The prevailing natural gas-fired thermal generation is at risk due to the uncertainty about future gas supply.
Faced with rising electricity demand (over 6% annually) and declining reserve margins, the government of Argentina is in the process of commissioning large projects, both in the generation and transmission sectors. To keep up with rising demand, it is estimated that about 1,000 MW of new generation capacity are needed each year. An important number of these projects are being financed by the government through trust funds, while independent private initiative is still limited as it has not fully recovered yet from the effects of the Argentine economic crisis.
The electricity sector was unbundled in generation, transmission and distribution by the reforms carried out in the early 1990s. Generation occurs in a competitive and mostly liberalized market in which 75% of the generation capacity is owned by private utilities. In contrast, the transmission and distribution sectors are highly regulated and much less competitive than generation.
Private and state-owned companies carry out generation in a competitive, mostly liberalized electricity market, with 75% of total installed capacity in private hands. The share in public hands corresponds to nuclear generation and to the two bi-national hydropower plants: Yacyretá (Argentina-Paraguay) and Salto Grande (Argentina-Uruguay). The generation sector is highly fragmented with more than ten large companies, all of them providing less than 15% of the system's total capacity. Power generators sell their electricity in the wholesale market operated by the CAMMESA.
CAMMESA S.A., a wholesale electricity market administrator offers operation and dispatch of generation; price calculation in the spot market; and the administration of the commercial transactions in the electricity market. The company also purchases and sells electric power from abroad and to other countries. CAMMESA S.A. offers consulting services. The company was founded in 1992 and is based in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
n 2005, Argentina imported 6.38 TW·h of electricity while it exported 3.49 TW·h. Net energy imports thus were about 3% of consumption.
Argentina also imports electricity from Paraguay, produced by the jointly built Yaciretá Dam. On 18 September 2006 Paraguay agreed to settling its debt of $11,000,000,000 owed to Argentina for the construction of Yaciretá by paying in electricity, at the rate of 8,000 GWh per year for 40 years.
Total electricity coverage in Argentina was as high as 95% in 2003. However, about 30% of the rural population lacks access to electricity.
As more & more renewables get integrated into the Indian Grid, Energy Storage will play an important role in helping with Grid Management & smoothing out the peak curve created by Renewable Energy.
It is expected that Energy Storage will be a multi GW market in the years to come.
Demand Side Management” means the actions of a Distribution Licensee, beyond the customer's meter, with the objective of altering the end-use of electricity
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Modeling Microgrids with HOMER: Capabilities and Benefits in the U.S. Grid-Connected Market, presented by John Glassmire, HOMER Energy, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
Key Drivers for Energy Storage
Technological advancements and decrease in costs
Evolution of utility needs (rise of variable renewable generation)
Increasing customer choice and engagement
Policy and regulatory shifts
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Major cyber events in 2024
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Energy efficiency program for the state of kuwait
1. Energy Efficiency Program for the
State of Kuwait
Ahmad Al-Mulla, Ph.d, CEM
Associate Research Scientist
Energy Efficiency Technologies Program
Energy and Building Center
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
2. Presentation Outline
• Energy Scenario in Kuwait
• Energy Code of Practice
• Energy Auditing Program and Peak Power Reduction
Strategies.
• Centralized Demand Side Management (DSM)
• Energy Efficiency Technologies (EET) Program
• Conclusions
3. Kuwait’s Energy Scenario
• Weather is extremely hot and summer season is very long.
– Air-conditioning is must for all types of buildings.
– Higher yearly consumption of electricity (kWh/year).
• A/C and lighting account for 85% of annual peak load & 65% of
yearly electricity consumption.
• Consumer pays around 5% of actual cost of energy.
• Energy conservation code of practice is applied for all new and
retrofitted building since 1983.
4. Kuwait’s Energy Scenario
• 2011/2012 fuel bill to generate electricity was KD2.5 billion.
• Since 1999, energy and power are growing 5.4% & 5.1%
annually.
5. Relevance of Energy Conservation to Kuwait
• Kuwait’s only resources of primary energy are oil and natural
gas.
• These resources are major sources of revenue, including
foreign exchange.
• They are non-renewable and are associated with generation
of greenhouse
• Presently, local energy consumption, excluding feedstock for
refineries, is around 15% and it is increasing continuously.
• Buildings are biggest consumer of primary energy and
electricity.
7. Energy Conservation Program Code of Practice (MEW/R-6)
MEW/R6/1983 MEW/R6/2010
Thermal insulation of walls and roofs
excluded columns and beams.
Thermal insulation of exposed columns and
beams is to be made mandatory.
A common glazing-to-wall area ratio was
specified regardless of building class.
Maximum glazing-to-wall area ratios are
specified for each class of glazing.
Three-dimensional thermal bridging due to
window frames was not considered.
Thermal breaks for window frames are
mandatory to prevent thermal bridging.
Limits for U-value, SHGC and visible
transmittance for windows were not
specified.
Acceptable ranges of U-values, SHGC and
visible transmittance for whole window
assemblies are specified for different types
of glazing.
One set of design weather conditions was
specified for the entire state of Kuwait.
Separate design weather conditions are
defined for Kuwait’s coastal and interior
zones.
Application of water-cooled A/C systems
was mandatory for capacities higher than
1,000 RT.
The capacity for mandatory use of water-
cooled A/C systems is reduced to 500 RT for
interior areas while 1,000 RT for coastal
areas to be continued.
ASHRAE’s 1979 standard ventilation rate of
5 CFM/person was used.
The higher of ASHRAE’s latest ventilation
rate of 20 CFM/person or 0.5 ACH + exhaust
air is used.
8. Major Differences Cont’d …
MEW/R6/1983 MEW/R6/2010
Application of thermal storage systems was
not considered.
Cool storage systems are mandatory for
buildings with partial occupancy.
Thermal insulation of exposed floors was
not considered.
Thermal insulation for exposed floors with
R-value of 10 is mandatory.
No rigorous analysis on the application of
cooling recovery units (CRUs) was made.
Use of CRUs for recoverable exhaust air of
more than 940 L/s, taking into account
weather zone and building type, is
mandatory.
Application of programmable thermostats
for A/C control was not considered.
Clear recommendations for the application
of programmable thermostats, including
recommended pre-cooling levels.
No rigorous analysis on the application of
variable speed drives (VSDs) was made
Use of VFDs in cooling tower are mandatory
for all sizes and locations.
Application of seawater for condenser
cooling was not considered
Use of seawater for condenser cooling for
W/C plants of 5,000 RT or more is
mandatory for coastal zone.
More than KD 4.5 billions has been saved from the Code
9. KISR Achievements in
Energy Auditing in Buildings
Building Year
Peak Power
Reduction (%)
Energy Saving
(%)
Kuwait Port Authority 1996 20 30
KISR Main Building 2000 20 21
MEW and MPW buildings in
South Surra 2004 38 20
Public Authority for Civil
Information 2004 5 12
Al-Fanar Shopping Mall 2004 15 8
10. Peak Power Reduction through Implementation of Smart Operation
Strategies
Building
Peak Power
Demand
(kW)
Reduction in
Power Demand
(kW)
Percentage Savings
(%)
Ministries Complex 12,000 610 ~6,800 5 ~ 79
Justice Palace 3,600 510 ~ 825 7 ~ 24
Liberation Tower
3,400 200 ~ 890 5 ~ 26
Public Institution for Social
Securities
2,600 300 ~570 11 ~ 25
Ministry of Health 2,200 530 ~ 680 24 ~ 39
Chamber of Commerce 2,000 160 ~ 460 12 ~ 31
State Audit Bureau 1,450 240 ~ 570 11 ~ 40
Public Authority for Youth
and Sports
930 150 ~ 300 16 ~ 42
Total 28,180 3,700 ~ 9750 13 ~ 42
11. Centralized DSM Pilot Project
A/C Controller
Thermostat
Building Server
Internet
Central Server
Remote Monitoring
and Control
Power line
A/C
Power Meter
Building #1
Building #2 Building #3 Building #4
12. Estimated National Savings from Centralized DSM
System
Type of building
Peak
load
Daily
Energy
No. Units
Expected savings National Savings
Peak
Power
Daily
Energy
Peak
Power
Daily
Energy
kW kWh/d/unit % % MW MWh/d
Villas 50 840 108,000 10 5 540 4,536
Villas - Holiday 40 720 27,000 15 25 162 4,860
Schools 320 4,608 1,000 75 20 240 922
Mosques 90 1,728 1,000 0 15 0 259
Government
buildings 200 2,880 900 60 20 108 518
Total 1,050 11,095
13. Integrated Demand Side Management and Photovoltaic
System for schools in Kuwait
• After successful commissioning and testing
of the Kuwait DSM pilot project, a road map
was proposed to implement the DSM
strategies from a centralized remote control
for all schools in Kuwait, through a five-year
proposal as a first step towards a
comprehensive national plan.
• the Ministry of Education assigned KISR to
implement the DSM system in 90 schools in
Mubarak Al-Kabir Educational Area.
14. Objectives of the Current Project
• To design, develop and install a DSM system for
energy management and water-monitoring through
centralized remote control feature.
• To develop optimal control operation strategies for
individual school.
• To study the use of rooftop PV system for one
school.
• To evaluate power and energy savings of different
Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs).
• To develop a certification program for engineers and
technicians for the proposed DSM system.
• To prepare a draft national policy for implementing
DSM system in other buildings.
15. EET Program - Background
• National challenge
– “To reduce per capita energy consumption without impacting the
quality of life”
• Program Rationale
– Kuwait’s only sources of primary energy, oil and natural gas, are non-
renewable resources that generate greenhouse gases
– power stations and industry consume 55% and 25% respectively of
Kuwait’s primary energy.
– Buildings account for 85% of peak power and 80% of Kuwait’s
electricity use, and 37% of the primary energy consumption in the
country.
– EET program is directed to improve the efficiency of power stations
and to reduce demand for power through energy efficient technologies
in buildings and industrial sector.
16. Background Cont’d
• Program Vision
• Pursue innovative solutions for reducing the per capita energy
consumption through implementing energy efficiency technologies
program in buildings, power stations and industries
• Program Aims to
– Improve the energy efficiency of Kuwait’s power stations by 5%.
– Reduce energy consumption by 10% in existing buildings and
industries.
– Reduce energy consumption by 30% in new buildings from the
current level.
17. Background Cont’d
Energy efficient design and
construction - new buildings
Incorporation of sustainable
features - new buildings
Incorporation of sustainable
features - district level
Indoor Environmental
Quality
Control and operation of
systems (new and existing
buildings)
Energy Performance of Existing
Buildings
Industrial Energy Efficiency
Technologies
Energy Efficiency Enhancement
in Power Stations
Power
generation
The built
environment
Industry
Energy
Efficiency
Technologies
Reduce
demand
for
primary
energy
and
electricity
Program’s Logic tree
18. S. No. Title
1 Develop and Update Building energy code and design guidelines
2 Performance Verification of Fenestration Products
3 Cool Roofs and Urban Heat Islands Mitigation
4 Development of National Code for Lighting Systems in Buildings
5 Updating of MEW Electrical Codes
6 Optimum thermal resistance for walls, roof and floor of buildings
7 Minimum energy efficiency for different air-conditioning systems
8
Effect of Alternative Refrigerants on the Performance of Air-Conditioning Units in High
Ambient
9 Minimum energy efficiency for domestic and office appliances
10
Guidelines and recommendations for installation and maintenance of air-conditioning
systems.
11 Guidelines for Verification of Building Energy Code Compliance and Energy Labelling
12 Design of a Sustainable Traditional Kuwaiti Villa
Projects under the EET Program
Legend
Ongoing
Projects
MEW Projects
19. S. No. Title
13 Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Sustainable Traditional Kuwaiti Villa
14 Establishment and Performance Assessment of A Sustainable Model Building in Kuwait
15 Performance Assessment of Encapsulated Latent Ice Storage System
16 Assessment of Geo-thermal Heat Pump Application
17
Assessment of the Electromagnetic Field around the electrical Secondary transformers in
schools And residential area
18
Development of Design Guidelines of District Cooling System for Al-Khairan New
Residential City
19 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Assessment and Development of codes
20 Integrated Demand Side Management and Photovoltaic Systems for Schools in Kuwait
21 Green Building Certification for the oil Sector Complex Building
22
Implementation of Energy Efficient Retrofits for Five Existing Private Office Building
and Shopping Malls
23
The Potential of Energy Conservation and Peak Power Reduction in the Residential
Sector
Legend
Ongoing
Projects
MEW Projects
Projects under the EET Program
20. S. No. Research Laboratories
1 Building Energy Simulation
2 Fenestration Laboratory
3 Cool Roof Laboratory
4 Lighting Laboratory
5 Electrical Systems Laboratory
6 Environmental Chambers and Hot Box
7 HVAC and A/C Performance Rating Laboratory
8 Energy Labelling Laboratory
9 Thermal Energy Storage Laboratory
10 Indoor Environmental Quality and Air Filtration Laboratory
11 Energy Systems Laboratory
Research Laboratories to be established
21. Conclusions
• It is very important to ensure proper implementation of the Energy
Code of Practice, which saved the country more than KD 4.4
billions up to date.
• Energy auditing program and peak power reduction strategies
saved tremendous amount of power and energy in existing
buildings.
• Centralized DSM system offers a very good tool for power and
energy management for the State of Kuwait.
• EET program will further help to reduce the demand for primary
energy and electricity in Kuwait.