Wireless sensors are used for various purposes now days. One of the best examples is temperature sensing at various geographical locations. This presentation is based on how to reduce energy consumption while using wireless sensors.
A Review of Energy Conservation
in Wireless Sensor Networks:
1.What are WSNs
2.Applications of WSNs
3.Advantages of using WSNs
4.Design Issues of WSNs
5.Power consumption in WSN
6.Sources of energy waste
7.General approaches to energy saving
8.Conclusion
sensors are what we experience the most in our life. they are even working in our body in different aspects. they may be as eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc. when we combine them they make a network. it may be a human sensor network. but i have shared something interesting about wireless sensor networks.
A Review of Energy Conservation
in Wireless Sensor Networks:
1.What are WSNs
2.Applications of WSNs
3.Advantages of using WSNs
4.Design Issues of WSNs
5.Power consumption in WSN
6.Sources of energy waste
7.General approaches to energy saving
8.Conclusion
sensors are what we experience the most in our life. they are even working in our body in different aspects. they may be as eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc. when we combine them they make a network. it may be a human sensor network. but i have shared something interesting about wireless sensor networks.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.
This powerpoint generally defines Wireless Sensor Networks, the advantages, disadvantages and the general types.
Wireless Sensor Networks lecture presented in the Fall of 2005. Covering the following: data-dissemination schemes, media access control schemes, distributed algorithms for collaborative processing, and architecture for a wireless sensor network.
Advanced Software Engineering course - Guest Lecture
A4WSN- Architecture 4 Wireless Sensor Networks
This presentation has been developed in the context of the Advanced Software Engineering course at the DISIM Department of the University of L’Aquila (Italy).
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Enhancing Energy Efficiency in WSN using Energy Potential and Energy BalancingAM Publications,India
There are many different energy aware routing protocols proposed in the literature, most of them focus only on energy efficiency by finding the optimal path to minimize energy consumption. These protocols should not only aim for energy efficiency but also for energy balance consumption. In this work, energy balanced data gathering routing algorithm is developed using the concepts of potential in classical physics [16]. Our scheme called energy balanced routing protocol, forwards data packets toward the sink through dense energy areas so as to protect the nodes with relatively low residual energy. This is to construct three independent virtual potential fields in terms of depth, energy density and residual energy. The depth field is used to establish a basic routing paradigm which helps in moving the packets towards the sink. The energy density field ensures that packets are always forwarded along the high energy areas. Finally, the residual energy field aims to protect the low energy nodes. An energy-efficient routing protocol, tries to extend the network lifetime through minimizing the energy consumption whereas energy balanced with efficiency routing protocol intends to prolong the network lifetime through uniform energy consumption with efficiently.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.
This powerpoint generally defines Wireless Sensor Networks, the advantages, disadvantages and the general types.
Wireless Sensor Networks lecture presented in the Fall of 2005. Covering the following: data-dissemination schemes, media access control schemes, distributed algorithms for collaborative processing, and architecture for a wireless sensor network.
Advanced Software Engineering course - Guest Lecture
A4WSN- Architecture 4 Wireless Sensor Networks
This presentation has been developed in the context of the Advanced Software Engineering course at the DISIM Department of the University of L’Aquila (Italy).
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Enhancing Energy Efficiency in WSN using Energy Potential and Energy BalancingAM Publications,India
There are many different energy aware routing protocols proposed in the literature, most of them focus only on energy efficiency by finding the optimal path to minimize energy consumption. These protocols should not only aim for energy efficiency but also for energy balance consumption. In this work, energy balanced data gathering routing algorithm is developed using the concepts of potential in classical physics [16]. Our scheme called energy balanced routing protocol, forwards data packets toward the sink through dense energy areas so as to protect the nodes with relatively low residual energy. This is to construct three independent virtual potential fields in terms of depth, energy density and residual energy. The depth field is used to establish a basic routing paradigm which helps in moving the packets towards the sink. The energy density field ensures that packets are always forwarded along the high energy areas. Finally, the residual energy field aims to protect the low energy nodes. An energy-efficient routing protocol, tries to extend the network lifetime through minimizing the energy consumption whereas energy balanced with efficiency routing protocol intends to prolong the network lifetime through uniform energy consumption with efficiently.
Increasing the Network life Time by Simulated Annealing Algorithm in WSN wit...ijasuc
Since we are not able to replace the battery in a wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the issues
of energy and lifetime are the most important parameters. In asymmetrical networks, different sensors
with various abilities are used. Super nodes, with higher power and wider range of communication in
comparison with common sensors, are used to cause connectivity and transmit data to base stations in
these networks. It is crucial to select the parameters of fit function and monitoring sensors optimally in a
point covering network. In this paper, we utilized an algorithm to select monitoring sensors. The
selection is done by using a novel algorithm that used by simulated annealing. This selection takes
remained energy into consideration. This method increases lifetime, decreases and balances energy
consumption as confirmed by simulation results.
A WSN primary outline issue for a sensor system is protection of the vitality accessible at every sensor node. We propose to convey different, versatile base stations to delay the lifetime of the sensor system. We split the lifetime of the sensor system into equivalent stretches of time known as rounds. Base stations are migrated toward the begin of a round. Our strategy utilizes a whole number straight program to focus new areas for the base stations and in view of steering convention to guarantee vitality proficient directing amid every round. We propose four assessment measurements and look at our answer utilizing these measurements. Taking into account the reproduction results we demonstrate that utilizing various, versatile base stations as per the arrangement given by our plans would altogether expand the lifetime of the sensor system.
Low-power Innovative techniques for Wearable ComputingOmar Elshal
A presentation i did for the Ubiquitous and Wearable Computing seminar during my senior year in university.
The presentation introduces many research papers on the field then discusses one of them thoroughly.
Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A ReviewIOSR Journals
Abstract: A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes which are deployed over an
area to perform local computations based on information gathered from the surroundings. Each node in the
network consists of a battery, but it is very difficult to change or recharge batteries. So the question is how to
enhance the lifetime of the network to such a long time. Therefore, in order to maximize the lifetime of the
network, the consumption of energy must be minimized. This is an important challenge in sensor networks as
sensors can not be easily replaced or recharged due to their ad-hoc deployment in hazardous environment. In
this paper, the main techniques used for energy conservation in sensor networks are discussed which include
duty cycling scheme, data driven approaches, mobility-based schemes, energy efficient MAC protocols and node
self scheduling scheme. These schemes can be used to improve the energy efficiency of the wireless sensor
network so that the network can work with greater efficiency and high battery lifetime.
Keywords : Energy conservation, energy consumption, sensor nodes, wireless sensor networks
Advance Data Mining - Analysis and forecasting of power factor for optimum el...Shrikant Samarth
Task: Execute a research project using data mining techniques
Approach: The topic chosen was ‘Analysis and Forecasting of Power Factor for Optimum Electric Consumption in a Household.’ Research question – What can be the best short term range of forecast for power factor patterns so that optimum energy consumption can be achieved for a household?
To answer the question, CRISM- DM method was used. The ARIMA machine learning model was developed using R.
Findings: The best short term range of forecasts for the power factor was achieved for 6 months and 12 months duration using the ARIMA model. The MAPE value for the ARIMA model was around 1.83.
Tools: Rstudio
Communication Cost Reduction by Data Aggregation: A SurveyIJMTST Journal
Wireless Sensor Networks have gained wide popularity in the recent years for its high-ranking applications such as remote environment monitoring, target tracking, safety-critical monitoring etc. However Wireless Sensor Networks face many constraints like low computational power, small storage, and limited energy resources. One of the important issues in wireless sensor network is to increase the network lifetime to keep the network operational as long as possible. In this survey paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on techniques and protocols for data aggregation to reduce communication cost and increase network lifetime in wireless sensor networks.
Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm Using t...ijmnct
Wireless Sensor Networks are consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, one of the most important issues that need to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this demerit many research have been done. The clustering is the one of the representative approaches. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic clustering algorithm using Fuzzy Logic and genetic algorithm. In fact, using fuzzy system design and system optimization by genetic algorithm is presented approach to select the best cluster head in sensor networks. Using random data set has been addressed to evaluate of fuzzy-genetic system presented in this paper and finally, MSE rate or mean error of sending the messages using proposed fuzzy system in comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The results of evaluations is representative of a reduction the MSE metric in proposed method in comparison with LEACH method for select the cluster head. Reduce of MSE directly is effective on energy consumption and lifetime of wireless sensor network and can cause the reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
A New Method for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks usin...Editor IJCATR
Nowadays, wireless sensor networks, clustering protocol based on the neighboring nodes into separate clusters and fault
tolerance for each cluster exists for sensors to send information to the base station, to gain the best performance in terms of increased
longevity and maintain tolerance than with other routing methods. However, most clustering protocols proposed so far, only
geographical proximity (neighboring) cluster formation is considered as a parameter. In this study, a new clustering protocol and fault
tolerance based on the fuzzy algorithms are able to clustering nodes in sensor networks based on fuzzy logic and fault tolerance. This
protocol uses clustering sensor nodes and fault tolerance exist in the network to reduce energy consumption, so that faulty sensors
from neighboring nodes are used to cover the errors, work based on the most criteria overlay neighbor sensors with defective sensors,
distance neighbor sensors from fault sensor and distance neighbor sensors from central station is done. Superior performance of the
protocol can be seen in terms of increasing the network lifetime and maintain the best network tolerance in comparison with previous
protocols such as LEACH in the simulation results.
An Energy Efficient Mobile Sink Based Mechanism for WSNs.pdfMohammad Siraj
Network lifetime and energy efficiency are crucial performance metrics used to evaluate
wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Decreasing and balancing the energy consumption of nodes can be
employed to increase network lifetime. In cluster-based WSNs, one objective of applying clustering
is to decrease the energy consumption of the network. In fact, the clustering technique will be
considered effective if the energy consumed by sensor nodes decreases after applying clustering,
however, this aim will not be achieved if the cluster size is not properly chosen. Therefore, in this
paper, the energy consumption of nodes, before clustering, is considered to determine the optimal
cluster size. A two-stage Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the optimal interval of
cluster size and derive the exact value from the interval. Furthermore, the energy hole is an inherent
problem which leads to a remarkable decrease in the network’s lifespan. This problem stems from
the asynchronous energy depletion of nodes located in different layers of the network.
Wireless sensor networks, clustering, Energy efficient protocols, Particles S...IJMIT JOURNAL
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is composed of a large number of small nodes with limited functionality.
The most important issue in this type of networks is energy constraints. In this area several researches have
been done from which clustering is one of the most effective solutions. The goal of clustering is to divide
network into sections each of which has a cluster head (CH). The task of cluster heads collection, data
aggregation and transmission to the base station is undertaken. In this paper, we introduce a new approach
for clustering sensor networks based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm using the optimal
fitness function, which aims to extend network lifetime. The parameters used in this algorithm are residual
energy density, the distance from the base station, intra-cluster distance from the cluster head. Simulation
results show that the proposed method is more effective compared to protocols such as (LEACH, CHEF,
PSO-MV) in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption.
A Fault tolerant system based on Genetic Algorithm for Target Tracking in Wir...Editor IJCATR
In this paper, we explored the possibility of using Genetic Algorithm (GA) being used in Wireless Sensor Networks in general with
specific emphasize on Fault tolerance. In Wireless sensor networks, usually sensor and sink nodes are separated by long communication
distance and hence to optimize the energy, we are using clustering approach. Here we are employing improved K-means clustering algorithm to
form the cluster and GA to find optimal use of sensor nodes and recover from fault as quickly as possible so that target detection won’t be
disrupted. This technique is simulated using Matlab software to check energy consumption and lifetime of the network. Based on the
simulation results, we concluded that this model shows significant improvement in energy consumption rate and network lifetime than other
method such as Traditional clustering or Simulated Annealing
Similar to Energy efficiency in wireless sensor network(ce 16 aniket choudhury) (20)
This topic is covered under Data modelling and implementation. This project looks after an efficient billing management in a medical store. it includes a flow chart, data flow diagram, normalization etc.
Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) by ANIKET CHOUDHURYअनिकेत चौधरी
Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) is a registry record or data base where publishers publish there service and consumers can search for the desired service.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
2. • INTRODUCTION
• COMPONENT OF SENSOR NODE
• ARHITECTURE OF SENSOR NODE
• GENERAL APPROACHES TO ENERGY CONSERVATION
• ENERGY CONSERVATION SCHEMES
• DUTY CYCLING
4. CONT…
DATA PREDICTION[1]
•Data prediction techniques build a model describing the
sensed phenomenon, so that queries can be answered
using the model instead of the actually sensed data.
•There are two instances of a model in the network, one
residing at the sink and the other at source nodes.
•The model at the sink can be used to answer queries
without requiring any communication, thus reducing
the energy consumption.
•Source nodes is used to ensure the model effectiveness.
5. CONT…
Stochastic approaches[1]
• Techniques belonging to the first class derive a
stochastic characterization of the phenomenon, i.e. in
terms of probabilities and/or statistical properties.
• Two main approaches of this kind are the following.
On the one hand, it is possible to map data into a
6. random process described in terms of a probability
density function (pdf). Data prediction is then
obtained by combining the computed pdfs with
the observed samples.
• On the other hand, a state space representation of
the phenomenon can be derived, so that
forthcoming samples can be guessed by filtering
out a non-predictable component modeled as
noise.
7. CONT…
TIME SERIES FORECASTING[1]
•A typical method to represent time series is given by
Moving Average (MA), Auto-Regressive (AR) or a Auto-
Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) models.
•These models are quite simple, but they can be used in
many practical cases with good accuracy.
• More sophisticated models have been also developed
(as ARIMA and GARCH), but their complexity does not
make them suitable for WSN.
8. CONT…
ALGORITHMIC APPROCH
• Finally, the last class of data prediction techniques
relies on a heuristic or a state-transition model
describing the sensed phenomenon.
• Such algorithmic approaches drive methods or
procedures to build and update the model on the
basis of the chosen characterization.
10. • An emerging class of applications is actually
sensing constrained. This is in contrast with the
general assumption that sensing in not relevant
from the energy consumption standpoint.
• In fact, the energy consumption of the sensing
subsystem not only may be relevant, but it can
also be greater than the energy consumption of
the radio or even greater than the energy
consumption of the rest of the sensor node . This
can be due to many different factors.
11. ADAPTIVE SAMPLING[1]
• As measured samples can be correlated, adaptive
sampling techniques exploit such similarities to
reduce the amount of data to be acquired from the
transducer. For example, data of interest may change
slowly with time.
• In this case, temporal correlations (i.e. the fact that
subsequent samples do not differ very much
between each other) may be exploited to reduce the
number of acquisitions.
12. • A similar approach can be applied when the
investigated phenomenon does not change
sharply between areas covered by neighbouring
nodes. In this case, energy due to sampling (and
communication) can be reduced by taking
advantage from spatial correlations between
sensed data.
• Clearly, both temporal and spatial correlations
may be jointly exploited to further reduce the
amount of data to be acquired.
13. HIERARCHICAL SAMPLING[1]
• The hierarchical sampling approach assumes
that nodes are equipped with different types
of sensors. As each sensor is characterized by
a given resolution and its associated energy
consumption, this technique dynamically
selects which class to activate, in order to get
a trade off between accuracy and energy
conservation.
14. MODEL-BASED SAMPLING[1]
• Model-based active sampling takes an approach
similar to data prediction. A model of the sensed
phenomenon is built upon sampled data, so that
future values can be forecasted with a certain
accuracy. Model-based active sampling exploits
the obtained model to reduce the number of data
samples, and also the amount of data to be
transmitted to the sink – even though this is not
their main goal.
16. CONT…
• Solar cell works on the principle of photovoltaic
effect[2]. Sunlight is composed of photons, or
"packets" of energy.
• These photons contain various amounts of
energy corresponding to the different
wavelengths of light.
• When a photon[2] is absorbed, the energy of the
photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of
the cell.
19. CONT…
Specifications Of Charger[3]
• Uses high-efficiency mono crystalline silicon.
• Solar panel: 5.5V/1000mA
• Output voltage: 5.5V
• Output current: 300-550 mA
• Time taken to charge mobile phone using the
charger : about 60mintues for typical mobile.
21. CONT…
• In the above diagram it is given that the charger is
connected to the 5V regulator which in turn is
connected to the solar panel.
• The charger is connected to the cells all the time
which powers the sensors.
• By doing this the cells of the sensors will be
charged constantly.
22. CONT…
• This will help the cells of the sensors to last long
before being dead.
• There are various advantages of using solar
panels which are as follows:
• Solar chargers will offer more Battery life as high
voltages are not developed.
• Adaptability is high.
• Flexibility of Solar mobile charger is high.
23. CONT…
• After reviewing 5 listed papers we can say that
the battery life of the wireless sensors can be
improved by Data Driven Approach and by
connecting solar panels, so that the battery of the
sensor can be continuously charged.
• How ever as ever coin has two sides there are
some flaws in these methods as solar panels can
increase the cost of the panel.
• Solar panels are inefficient during winters and
monsoon time.
24. CONT…
1. DATA DRIVEN PERFORMANCE EVOLUATION OF WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORK.
2. SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER FOR NIMH BATTERY.
3. SOLAR POWERED BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM.
4. SOLAR POWER FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK.
5. SOLAR POWERED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK.