There are many different energy aware routing protocols proposed in the literature, most of them focus only on energy efficiency by finding the optimal path to minimize energy consumption. These protocols should not only aim for energy efficiency but also for energy balance consumption. In this work, energy balanced data gathering routing algorithm is developed using the concepts of potential in classical physics [16]. Our scheme called energy balanced routing protocol, forwards data packets toward the sink through dense energy areas so as to protect the nodes with relatively low residual energy. This is to construct three independent virtual potential fields in terms of depth, energy density and residual energy. The depth field is used to establish a basic routing paradigm which helps in moving the packets towards the sink. The energy density field ensures that packets are always forwarded along the high energy areas. Finally, the residual energy field aims to protect the low energy nodes. An energy-efficient routing protocol, tries to extend the network lifetime through minimizing the energy consumption whereas energy balanced with efficiency routing protocol intends to prolong the network lifetime through uniform energy consumption with efficiently.
Load Balancing for Achieving the Network Lifetime in WSN-A SurveyAM Publications
Â
a wireless sensor network is network form of sense compute, and communication elements which helps to
observe, events in a specified environment. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor network are depends on battery power they
have limited transmission range thatâs why energy efficiency plays a vital role to minimize the overhead through which
the Network Lifetime can be achieved. The lifetime of network, depends on number of nodes, strength, range of area
and connectivity of nodes in the network. In this paper we are over viewing techniques which are used in wireless sensor
network for load balancing. Wireless sensor network having different nodes with different kind of energy which can be
improve the lifetime of the network and its dependability. This paper will provide the person who reads with the
groundwork for research in load balancing techniques for wireless sensor networks.
This document analyzes various approaches for making routing more energy efficient in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the need for energy efficiency in MANETs due to nodes having limited battery power. Several energy efficient routing methods are described, including modifying existing protocols like AOMDV to select routes with higher remaining node energy. Other approaches discussed vary the transmission range, prioritize routes with nodes that have sent fewer messages, use multiple route replies like in reverse AODV, and base routing decisions on received signal strength and battery levels. The document evaluates these different energy efficient routing techniques and their ability to increase network lifetime in MANETs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Mitigation of packet loss with end-to-end delay in wireless body area network...IJECEIAES
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The wireless body area network (WBAN) has been proposed to offer a solution to the problem of population ageing, shortage in medical facilities and different chronic diseases. The development of this technology has been further fueled by the demand for real-time application for monitoring these cases in networks. The integrity of communication is constrained by the loss of packets during communication affecting the reliability of WBAN. Mitigating the loss of packets and ensuring the performance of the network is a challenging task that has sparked numerous studies over the years. The WBAN technology as a problem of reducing network lifetime; thus, in this paper, we utilize cooperative routing protocol (CRP) to improve package delivery via end-to-end latency and increase the length of the network lifetime. The end-to-end latency was used as a metric to determine the significance of CRP in WBAN routing protocols. The CRP increased the rate of transmission of packets to the sink and mitigate packet loss. The proposed solution has shown that the end-to-end delay in the WBAN is considerably reduced by applying the cooperative routing protocol. The CRP technique attained a delivery ratio of 0.8176 compared to 0.8118 when transmitting packets in WBAN.
Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks IJECEIAES
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Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodesâ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocolâs functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are considered a promising solution to minimize multiuser interference (MUI) based on simple precoding techniques with a massive antenna array at a base station (BS). This paper presents a novel approach of beam division multiple access (BDMA) which BS transmit signals to multiusers at the same time via different beams based on hybrid beamforming and user-beam schedule. With the selection of users whose steering vectors are orthogonal to each other, interference between users is significantly improved. While, the efficiency spectrum of proposed scheme reaches to the performance of fully digital solutions, the multiuser interference is considerably reduced.
ENERGY EFFICIENT AGGREGATION WITH DIVERGENT SINK PLACEMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSO...ijasuc
Â
In WSN the data aggregation is a means for condensing the energy requirement by reducing number of
transmission by combining the data and sending the final required result to the base station. The lifetime
of the WSN can be improved by employing the aggregation techniques. During the process of aggregation
the numbers of transmission are reduced by combining the similar data from the nearby areas. By using
the clustering technique and aggregating the correlated data greatly minimize the energy consumed in
collecting and disseminating the data. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a novel energy
efficient cluster based aggregation protocol (EECAP) for WSN. The main focus in this proposed work is
to study the performance of our proposed aggregation protocol with divergent sink placements such as
when sink is at the centre of the sensing field, corner of the sensing field or at a location selected
randomly in the sensor field. We present experimental results by calculating the lifetime of network in
terms of number of sensing rounds using various parameters such as â average remaining energy of
nodes, number of dead nodes after the specified number of sensing rounds. Finally the performance of
various aggregation algorithms such as LEACH, SEP and our proposed aggregation protocol (EECAP)
are compared with divergent sink placements. The simulation results demonstrates that EECAP exhibits
good performance in terms of lifetime and the energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks and
which can be as equally compared with existing clustering protocols.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered Wireless Sensor Netw...IJECEIAES
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Energy efficiency is the most critical challenge in wireless sensor network. The transmission energy is the most consuming task in sensor nodes, specifically in large distances. Clustered routing techniques are efficient approaches used to lower the transmission energy and maximize the networkâs lifetime. In this paper, a hybrid clustered routing approach is proposed for energy optimization in WSN. This approach is based on KMeans clustering algorithm and LEACH protocol. The simulation results using MATLAB tool have shown that the proposed hybrid approach outperforms LEACH protocol and optimizes the nodes energy and the network lifetime.
Load Balancing for Achieving the Network Lifetime in WSN-A SurveyAM Publications
Â
a wireless sensor network is network form of sense compute, and communication elements which helps to
observe, events in a specified environment. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor network are depends on battery power they
have limited transmission range thatâs why energy efficiency plays a vital role to minimize the overhead through which
the Network Lifetime can be achieved. The lifetime of network, depends on number of nodes, strength, range of area
and connectivity of nodes in the network. In this paper we are over viewing techniques which are used in wireless sensor
network for load balancing. Wireless sensor network having different nodes with different kind of energy which can be
improve the lifetime of the network and its dependability. This paper will provide the person who reads with the
groundwork for research in load balancing techniques for wireless sensor networks.
This document analyzes various approaches for making routing more energy efficient in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the need for energy efficiency in MANETs due to nodes having limited battery power. Several energy efficient routing methods are described, including modifying existing protocols like AOMDV to select routes with higher remaining node energy. Other approaches discussed vary the transmission range, prioritize routes with nodes that have sent fewer messages, use multiple route replies like in reverse AODV, and base routing decisions on received signal strength and battery levels. The document evaluates these different energy efficient routing techniques and their ability to increase network lifetime in MANETs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Mitigation of packet loss with end-to-end delay in wireless body area network...IJECEIAES
Â
The wireless body area network (WBAN) has been proposed to offer a solution to the problem of population ageing, shortage in medical facilities and different chronic diseases. The development of this technology has been further fueled by the demand for real-time application for monitoring these cases in networks. The integrity of communication is constrained by the loss of packets during communication affecting the reliability of WBAN. Mitigating the loss of packets and ensuring the performance of the network is a challenging task that has sparked numerous studies over the years. The WBAN technology as a problem of reducing network lifetime; thus, in this paper, we utilize cooperative routing protocol (CRP) to improve package delivery via end-to-end latency and increase the length of the network lifetime. The end-to-end latency was used as a metric to determine the significance of CRP in WBAN routing protocols. The CRP increased the rate of transmission of packets to the sink and mitigate packet loss. The proposed solution has shown that the end-to-end delay in the WBAN is considerably reduced by applying the cooperative routing protocol. The CRP technique attained a delivery ratio of 0.8176 compared to 0.8118 when transmitting packets in WBAN.
Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks IJECEIAES
Â
Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodesâ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocolâs functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are considered a promising solution to minimize multiuser interference (MUI) based on simple precoding techniques with a massive antenna array at a base station (BS). This paper presents a novel approach of beam division multiple access (BDMA) which BS transmit signals to multiusers at the same time via different beams based on hybrid beamforming and user-beam schedule. With the selection of users whose steering vectors are orthogonal to each other, interference between users is significantly improved. While, the efficiency spectrum of proposed scheme reaches to the performance of fully digital solutions, the multiuser interference is considerably reduced.
ENERGY EFFICIENT AGGREGATION WITH DIVERGENT SINK PLACEMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSO...ijasuc
Â
In WSN the data aggregation is a means for condensing the energy requirement by reducing number of
transmission by combining the data and sending the final required result to the base station. The lifetime
of the WSN can be improved by employing the aggregation techniques. During the process of aggregation
the numbers of transmission are reduced by combining the similar data from the nearby areas. By using
the clustering technique and aggregating the correlated data greatly minimize the energy consumed in
collecting and disseminating the data. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a novel energy
efficient cluster based aggregation protocol (EECAP) for WSN. The main focus in this proposed work is
to study the performance of our proposed aggregation protocol with divergent sink placements such as
when sink is at the centre of the sensing field, corner of the sensing field or at a location selected
randomly in the sensor field. We present experimental results by calculating the lifetime of network in
terms of number of sensing rounds using various parameters such as â average remaining energy of
nodes, number of dead nodes after the specified number of sensing rounds. Finally the performance of
various aggregation algorithms such as LEACH, SEP and our proposed aggregation protocol (EECAP)
are compared with divergent sink placements. The simulation results demonstrates that EECAP exhibits
good performance in terms of lifetime and the energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks and
which can be as equally compared with existing clustering protocols.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered Wireless Sensor Netw...IJECEIAES
Â
Energy efficiency is the most critical challenge in wireless sensor network. The transmission energy is the most consuming task in sensor nodes, specifically in large distances. Clustered routing techniques are efficient approaches used to lower the transmission energy and maximize the networkâs lifetime. In this paper, a hybrid clustered routing approach is proposed for energy optimization in WSN. This approach is based on KMeans clustering algorithm and LEACH protocol. The simulation results using MATLAB tool have shown that the proposed hybrid approach outperforms LEACH protocol and optimizes the nodes energy and the network lifetime.
A Novel Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing With Hybrid Protocol in Wirele...IJERA Editor
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In wireless sensor network, lifetime of sensor nodes is the most essential parameters. sensor node's lifetime may be extended using LEACH and HEED scheme which is allowing to move the cluster head surrounded by the sensor nodes try to allocate the energy consumption over all nodes in the network. Energy efficiency is depends on the selection of cluster head. In this paper, we proposed the clustering algorithm to minimize the overhead of control packets by using LEACH and HEED and Efficient utilization of node near sink and to implements the hybrid protocol which would be better than the existing protocol.
AN OPTIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR XLN STRATEGIC DESIGN IN WSNâSIJCNCJournal
Â
In this paper, X-Layer protocol is originated which executes mobility error prediction (MEP) algorithm to calculate the remaining energy level of each node. This X-Layer protocol structure employs the mobility aware protocol that senses the mobility concerned to each node with the utilization of Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), which shares the information or data specific to the distance among individual nodes. With the help of this theory, the neighbour list will be updated only to those nodes which are mobile resulting in less energy consumption when compared to all (static/mobile) other nodes in the network. Apart from the MEP algorithm, clustering head (CH) election algorithm has also been specified to identify the relevant clusters whether they exists within the network region or not. Also clustering multi-hop routing (CMHR) algorithm was implemented in which the node can identify the cluster to which it belongs depending upon the distance from each cluster surrounding the node. Finally comprising the AODV routing protocol with the Two-Ray Ground method, we implement X-Layer protocol structure by considering MAC protocol in accordance to IEEE 802.15.4 to obtain the best results in energy consumption and also by reducing the energy wastage with respect to each node. The effective results had been illustrated through Network Simulator-II platform.
An energy-efficient cluster head selection in wireless sensor network using g...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
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Clustering is considered as one of the most prominent solutions to preserve theenergy in the wireless sensor networks. However, for optimal clustering, anenergy efficient cluster head selection is quite important. Improper selectionofcluster heads(CHs) consumes high energy compared to other sensor nodesdue to the transmission of data packets between the cluster members and thesink node. Thereby, it reduces the network lifetime and performance of thenetwork. In order to overcome the issues, we propose a novelcluster headselection approach usinggrey wolf optimization algorithm(GWO) namelyGWO-CH which considers the residual energy, intra-cluster and sink distance.In addition to that, we formulated an objective function and weight parametersfor anefficient cluster head selection and cluster formation. The proposedalgorithm is tested in different wireless sensor network scenarios by varyingthe number of sensor nodes and cluster heads. The observed results conveythat the proposed algorithm outperforms in terms of achieving better networkperformance compare to other algorithms.
International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems ( IJASSN )ijassn
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With the availability of low cost, short range sensor technology along with advances in wireless networking, sensor networks has become a hot topic of discussion. The International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems is an open access peer-reviewed journal which focuses on applied research and applications of sensor networks. While sensor networks provide ample opportunities to provide various services, its effective deployment in large scale is still challenging due to various factors. This journal provides a forum that impacts the development of high performance computing solutions to problems arising due to the complexities of sensor network systems. It also acts as a path to exchange novel ideas about impacts of sensor networks research.
On improvement of performance for transport protocol using sectoring scheIAEME Publication
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This document proposes a sectoring scheme to improve the performance of transport protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It aims to increase reliability by logically dividing the sensing area into sectors, with each sector having a sector head node near the sink. When an event occurs, only nodes in that sector will transmit data to the sector head to reduce energy consumption. The paper simulates the proposed scheme and finds it provides better packet delivery ratio, lower routing overhead, delay and energy consumption compared to not using sectoring. In conclusion, the sectoring method improves reliability and network lifetime for WSNs.
Clustering provides an effective method for
extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current
clustering methods selecting cluster heads with more residual
energy, and rotating cluster heads periodically to distribute the
energy consumption among nodes in each cluster. However,
they rarely consider the hot spot problem in multi hop sensor
networks. When cluster heads forward their data to the base
station, the cluster heads closer to the base station are heavily
burdened with traffic and tend to die much faster. To mitigate
the hot spot problem, we propose a Novel Energy Efficient
Unequal Clustering Routing (NEEUC) protocol. It uses residual
energy and groupsthe nodesinto clusters of unequal layers
A NODE DEPLOYMENT MODEL WITH VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DISTANCE FOR WIRELESS SENS...ijwmn
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The deployment of network nodes is essential to ensure the wireless sensor network's regular operation and affects the multiple network performance metrics, such as connectivity, coverage, lifetime, and cost. This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing network costs while meeting network requirements, and proposes a corona-based deployment method by using the variable transmission distance sensor. Based on the analysis of node energy consumption and network cost, an optimization model to minimize Cost Per Unit Area is given. The transmission distances and initial energy of the sensors are obtained by solving the model. The optimization model is improved to ensure the energy consumption balance of nodes in the same corona. Based on these parameters, the process of network node deployment is given. Deploying the
network through this method will greatly reduce network costs.
M-EPAR to Improve the Quality of the MANETsIJERA Editor
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In MANET, power aware is important challenge issue to improve the communication energy efficiency at individual nodes. We propose modified efficient power aware routing (M-EPAR), a new power aware routing protocol that increases the network lifetime of MANET. Designing a power aware routing algorithm or technique is one of the most important point considered in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. These nodes are driven by reactive protocols where broadcasting is mandatory to form a path between two nodes. So in case of death of the node resulting out of less battery calls for re-routing. Since many existing techniques focuses on energy aware routing this paper presents combination of energy aware routing merged with link quality determined by packet drop rate. The proposed scheme has outperformed the existing technique in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput and energy consumption.
This document discusses improving network lifetime in ad hoc networks through energy efficient routing. It proposes a routing mechanism that considers both the minimum hop count and residual energy of nodes to select paths for data transmission. The key points are:
1) Existing routing mechanisms only consider hop count and do not account for node energy levels, which can reduce network lifetime.
2) The proposed mechanism selects paths based on both minimum hop count and maximum residual energy of nodes. This avoids overusing certain nodes and depleting their energy.
3) It describes the routing procedure, energy efficient data transmission, and modules for calculating packet numbers, inserting values in routing lists, selecting paths, and handling residual routing when nodes have low energy.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Novel approach for hybrid MAC scheme for balanced energy and transmission in ...IJECEIAES
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Hybrid medium access control (MAC) scheme is one of the prominent mechanisms to offer energy efficiency in wireless sensor network where the potential features for both contention-based and schedule-based approaches are mechanized. However, the review of existing hybrid MAC scheme shows many loopholes where mainly it is observed that there is too much inclusion of time-slotting or else there is an inclusion of sophisticated mechanism not meant for offering flexibility to sensor node towards extending its services for upcoming applications of it. Therefore, this manuscript introduces a novel hybrid MAC scheme which is meant for offering cost effective and simplified scheduling operation in order to balance the performance of energy efficiency along with data aggregation performance. The simulated outcome of the study shows that proposed system offers better energy consumption, better throughput, reduced memory consumption, and faster processing in contrast to existing hybrid MAC protocols.
ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MAXIMIZING THE MINIMUM LIFETIME OF WIR...ijasuc
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In wireless sensor network, devices or nodes are generally battery powered devices. These nodes have
limited amount of initial energy that are consumed at different rates, depending on the power level. The
lifetime of the network is defined as the time until the first node fails (or runs out of battery). In this paper
different type of energy efficient routing algorithms are discussed and approach of these algorithms is to
maximize the minimum lifetime of wireless sensor network. Special attention has been devoted for
algorithms formulate the routing problem as a linear programming problem, which uses the optimal flow
path for data transmission and gives the optimum results. Advantages, limitations as well as comparative
study of these algorithms are also discussed in this paper.
The document discusses energy efficient routing protocols for clustered wireless sensor networks. It provides an overview of wireless sensor networks and discusses how clustering is commonly used to improve energy efficiency and scalability. The document reviews several existing clustering-based routing protocols and analyzes their approaches for prolonging network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks.
IRJET- Load Optimization with Coverage and Connectivity for Wireless Sensor N...IRJET Journal
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The document proposes a Maximum Connected Load Balancing Cover Tree (MCLCT) algorithm to optimize coverage and connectivity in wireless sensor networks. The MCLCT consists of two strategies: 1) A Coverage Optimizing Recursive heuristic that forms maximum disjoint cover sets to ensure full coverage of points of interest. 2) A Probabilistic Load Balancing strategy that determines routing paths in a way that balances energy load evenly among nodes. Simulation results show the MCLCT achieves longer network lifetime than previous algorithms by balancing energy consumption through dynamic cover tree construction and efficient power utilization among sensor nodes.
Energy Efficient Stable Election Protocol for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireles...IOSR Journals
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This document summarizes an energy efficient stable election protocol (EE-SEP) for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. EE-SEP modifies the existing SEP protocol to improve energy efficiency, stability period, and network lifetime. It does this by calculating the optimal threshold value for selecting cluster heads based on the initial energy of sensor nodes, rather than the weighted election probability used in SEP. Simulations show EE-SEP performs better than SEP by increasing the number of alive nodes over time, reducing energy consumption, and prolonging network lifetime.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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NEW APPROACH TO IMPROVING LIFETIME IN HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ...chokrio
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The major challenge for wireless sensor networks is energy consumption minimization. Wireless transmission consumes much more of energy. In the clustered network, a few nodes become cluster heads which causes the energetic heterogeneity. Therefore the behavior of the sensor network becomes very unstable. Hence, the need to apply the balancing of energy consumption across all nodes of the heterogeneous network is very important to prevent the death of those nodes and thereafter increase the
lifetime of the network. DEEC (Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering) is one of routing protocols
designed to extend the stability time of the network by reducing energy consumption. A disadvantage of
DEEC, which doesnât takes into account the cluster size and the density of nodes in this cluster to elect the
cluster heads. When multiple cluster heads are randomly selected within a small area, a big extra energy
loss occurs. The amount of lost energy is approximately proportional to the number of cluster heads in this
area. In this paper, we propose to improve DEEC by a modified energy efficient algorithm for choosing
cluster heads that exclude a number of low energy levels nodes due to their distribution density and their
dimensions area. We show by simulation in MATLAB that the proposed approach increases the number of
received messages and prolong the lifetime of the network compared to DEEC. We conclude by studying
the parameters of heterogeneity that proposed technique provides a longer stability period which increases
by increasing the number of nodes which are excluded from the cluster head selection.
This document discusses finding an optimum transmission range in a wireless sensor network to balance delay and energy consumption. It analyzes how transmission range, node deployment, number of hops, and forwarding techniques affect energy usage. The researchers deployed sensor nodes in a grid and evaluated greedy forwarding and residual energy forwarding under varying transmission ranges. They found that an optimal range exists that uses less energy per transmission while minimizing the number of hops needed to reach destinations.
Efficient energy, cost reduction, and QoS based routing protocol for wireless...IJECEIAES
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Recent developments and widespread in wireless sensor network have led to many routing protocols, many of these protocols consider the efficiency of energy as the ultimate factor to maximize the WSN lifetime. The quality of Service (QoS) requirements for different applications of wireless sensor networks has posed additional challenges. Imaging and data transmission needs both QoS aware routing and energy to ensure the efficient use of sensors. In this paper, we propose an Efficient, Energy-Aware, Least Cost, (ECQSR) quality of service routing protocol for sensor networks which can run efficiently with best-effort traffic processing. The protocol aims to maximize the lifetime of the network out of balancing energy consumption across multiple nodes, by using the concept of service differentiation, finding lower cost by finding the shortest path using nearest neighbor algorithm (NN), also put certain constraints on the delay of the path for real-time data from where link cost that captures energy nodes reserve, energy of the transmission, error rate and other parameters. The results show that the proposed protocol improves the network lifetime and low power consumption.
Advance in the WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WISENET) technology is energy efficient routing protocols that promises a wide range of potential applications in both civilian and military areas. In the WISNET the sensor node have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy sources are limited. So the Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol (ECHERP) and PEGASIS with Double Cluster Head (PDCH) pursues energy conservation through balanced clustering for Energy Efficiency. In WSN, energy efficient routing protocol is important to increase the network lifetime. ECHERP and PDCH both protocol claims to be energy efficient.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
A Novel Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing With Hybrid Protocol in Wirele...IJERA Editor
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In wireless sensor network, lifetime of sensor nodes is the most essential parameters. sensor node's lifetime may be extended using LEACH and HEED scheme which is allowing to move the cluster head surrounded by the sensor nodes try to allocate the energy consumption over all nodes in the network. Energy efficiency is depends on the selection of cluster head. In this paper, we proposed the clustering algorithm to minimize the overhead of control packets by using LEACH and HEED and Efficient utilization of node near sink and to implements the hybrid protocol which would be better than the existing protocol.
AN OPTIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR XLN STRATEGIC DESIGN IN WSNâSIJCNCJournal
Â
In this paper, X-Layer protocol is originated which executes mobility error prediction (MEP) algorithm to calculate the remaining energy level of each node. This X-Layer protocol structure employs the mobility aware protocol that senses the mobility concerned to each node with the utilization of Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), which shares the information or data specific to the distance among individual nodes. With the help of this theory, the neighbour list will be updated only to those nodes which are mobile resulting in less energy consumption when compared to all (static/mobile) other nodes in the network. Apart from the MEP algorithm, clustering head (CH) election algorithm has also been specified to identify the relevant clusters whether they exists within the network region or not. Also clustering multi-hop routing (CMHR) algorithm was implemented in which the node can identify the cluster to which it belongs depending upon the distance from each cluster surrounding the node. Finally comprising the AODV routing protocol with the Two-Ray Ground method, we implement X-Layer protocol structure by considering MAC protocol in accordance to IEEE 802.15.4 to obtain the best results in energy consumption and also by reducing the energy wastage with respect to each node. The effective results had been illustrated through Network Simulator-II platform.
An energy-efficient cluster head selection in wireless sensor network using g...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Â
Clustering is considered as one of the most prominent solutions to preserve theenergy in the wireless sensor networks. However, for optimal clustering, anenergy efficient cluster head selection is quite important. Improper selectionofcluster heads(CHs) consumes high energy compared to other sensor nodesdue to the transmission of data packets between the cluster members and thesink node. Thereby, it reduces the network lifetime and performance of thenetwork. In order to overcome the issues, we propose a novelcluster headselection approach usinggrey wolf optimization algorithm(GWO) namelyGWO-CH which considers the residual energy, intra-cluster and sink distance.In addition to that, we formulated an objective function and weight parametersfor anefficient cluster head selection and cluster formation. The proposedalgorithm is tested in different wireless sensor network scenarios by varyingthe number of sensor nodes and cluster heads. The observed results conveythat the proposed algorithm outperforms in terms of achieving better networkperformance compare to other algorithms.
International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems ( IJASSN )ijassn
Â
With the availability of low cost, short range sensor technology along with advances in wireless networking, sensor networks has become a hot topic of discussion. The International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems is an open access peer-reviewed journal which focuses on applied research and applications of sensor networks. While sensor networks provide ample opportunities to provide various services, its effective deployment in large scale is still challenging due to various factors. This journal provides a forum that impacts the development of high performance computing solutions to problems arising due to the complexities of sensor network systems. It also acts as a path to exchange novel ideas about impacts of sensor networks research.
On improvement of performance for transport protocol using sectoring scheIAEME Publication
Â
This document proposes a sectoring scheme to improve the performance of transport protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It aims to increase reliability by logically dividing the sensing area into sectors, with each sector having a sector head node near the sink. When an event occurs, only nodes in that sector will transmit data to the sector head to reduce energy consumption. The paper simulates the proposed scheme and finds it provides better packet delivery ratio, lower routing overhead, delay and energy consumption compared to not using sectoring. In conclusion, the sectoring method improves reliability and network lifetime for WSNs.
Clustering provides an effective method for
extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current
clustering methods selecting cluster heads with more residual
energy, and rotating cluster heads periodically to distribute the
energy consumption among nodes in each cluster. However,
they rarely consider the hot spot problem in multi hop sensor
networks. When cluster heads forward their data to the base
station, the cluster heads closer to the base station are heavily
burdened with traffic and tend to die much faster. To mitigate
the hot spot problem, we propose a Novel Energy Efficient
Unequal Clustering Routing (NEEUC) protocol. It uses residual
energy and groupsthe nodesinto clusters of unequal layers
A NODE DEPLOYMENT MODEL WITH VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DISTANCE FOR WIRELESS SENS...ijwmn
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The deployment of network nodes is essential to ensure the wireless sensor network's regular operation and affects the multiple network performance metrics, such as connectivity, coverage, lifetime, and cost. This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing network costs while meeting network requirements, and proposes a corona-based deployment method by using the variable transmission distance sensor. Based on the analysis of node energy consumption and network cost, an optimization model to minimize Cost Per Unit Area is given. The transmission distances and initial energy of the sensors are obtained by solving the model. The optimization model is improved to ensure the energy consumption balance of nodes in the same corona. Based on these parameters, the process of network node deployment is given. Deploying the
network through this method will greatly reduce network costs.
M-EPAR to Improve the Quality of the MANETsIJERA Editor
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In MANET, power aware is important challenge issue to improve the communication energy efficiency at individual nodes. We propose modified efficient power aware routing (M-EPAR), a new power aware routing protocol that increases the network lifetime of MANET. Designing a power aware routing algorithm or technique is one of the most important point considered in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. These nodes are driven by reactive protocols where broadcasting is mandatory to form a path between two nodes. So in case of death of the node resulting out of less battery calls for re-routing. Since many existing techniques focuses on energy aware routing this paper presents combination of energy aware routing merged with link quality determined by packet drop rate. The proposed scheme has outperformed the existing technique in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput and energy consumption.
This document discusses improving network lifetime in ad hoc networks through energy efficient routing. It proposes a routing mechanism that considers both the minimum hop count and residual energy of nodes to select paths for data transmission. The key points are:
1) Existing routing mechanisms only consider hop count and do not account for node energy levels, which can reduce network lifetime.
2) The proposed mechanism selects paths based on both minimum hop count and maximum residual energy of nodes. This avoids overusing certain nodes and depleting their energy.
3) It describes the routing procedure, energy efficient data transmission, and modules for calculating packet numbers, inserting values in routing lists, selecting paths, and handling residual routing when nodes have low energy.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Novel approach for hybrid MAC scheme for balanced energy and transmission in ...IJECEIAES
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Hybrid medium access control (MAC) scheme is one of the prominent mechanisms to offer energy efficiency in wireless sensor network where the potential features for both contention-based and schedule-based approaches are mechanized. However, the review of existing hybrid MAC scheme shows many loopholes where mainly it is observed that there is too much inclusion of time-slotting or else there is an inclusion of sophisticated mechanism not meant for offering flexibility to sensor node towards extending its services for upcoming applications of it. Therefore, this manuscript introduces a novel hybrid MAC scheme which is meant for offering cost effective and simplified scheduling operation in order to balance the performance of energy efficiency along with data aggregation performance. The simulated outcome of the study shows that proposed system offers better energy consumption, better throughput, reduced memory consumption, and faster processing in contrast to existing hybrid MAC protocols.
ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MAXIMIZING THE MINIMUM LIFETIME OF WIR...ijasuc
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In wireless sensor network, devices or nodes are generally battery powered devices. These nodes have
limited amount of initial energy that are consumed at different rates, depending on the power level. The
lifetime of the network is defined as the time until the first node fails (or runs out of battery). In this paper
different type of energy efficient routing algorithms are discussed and approach of these algorithms is to
maximize the minimum lifetime of wireless sensor network. Special attention has been devoted for
algorithms formulate the routing problem as a linear programming problem, which uses the optimal flow
path for data transmission and gives the optimum results. Advantages, limitations as well as comparative
study of these algorithms are also discussed in this paper.
The document discusses energy efficient routing protocols for clustered wireless sensor networks. It provides an overview of wireless sensor networks and discusses how clustering is commonly used to improve energy efficiency and scalability. The document reviews several existing clustering-based routing protocols and analyzes their approaches for prolonging network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks.
IRJET- Load Optimization with Coverage and Connectivity for Wireless Sensor N...IRJET Journal
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The document proposes a Maximum Connected Load Balancing Cover Tree (MCLCT) algorithm to optimize coverage and connectivity in wireless sensor networks. The MCLCT consists of two strategies: 1) A Coverage Optimizing Recursive heuristic that forms maximum disjoint cover sets to ensure full coverage of points of interest. 2) A Probabilistic Load Balancing strategy that determines routing paths in a way that balances energy load evenly among nodes. Simulation results show the MCLCT achieves longer network lifetime than previous algorithms by balancing energy consumption through dynamic cover tree construction and efficient power utilization among sensor nodes.
Energy Efficient Stable Election Protocol for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireles...IOSR Journals
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This document summarizes an energy efficient stable election protocol (EE-SEP) for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. EE-SEP modifies the existing SEP protocol to improve energy efficiency, stability period, and network lifetime. It does this by calculating the optimal threshold value for selecting cluster heads based on the initial energy of sensor nodes, rather than the weighted election probability used in SEP. Simulations show EE-SEP performs better than SEP by increasing the number of alive nodes over time, reducing energy consumption, and prolonging network lifetime.
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NEW APPROACH TO IMPROVING LIFETIME IN HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ...chokrio
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The major challenge for wireless sensor networks is energy consumption minimization. Wireless transmission consumes much more of energy. In the clustered network, a few nodes become cluster heads which causes the energetic heterogeneity. Therefore the behavior of the sensor network becomes very unstable. Hence, the need to apply the balancing of energy consumption across all nodes of the heterogeneous network is very important to prevent the death of those nodes and thereafter increase the
lifetime of the network. DEEC (Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering) is one of routing protocols
designed to extend the stability time of the network by reducing energy consumption. A disadvantage of
DEEC, which doesnât takes into account the cluster size and the density of nodes in this cluster to elect the
cluster heads. When multiple cluster heads are randomly selected within a small area, a big extra energy
loss occurs. The amount of lost energy is approximately proportional to the number of cluster heads in this
area. In this paper, we propose to improve DEEC by a modified energy efficient algorithm for choosing
cluster heads that exclude a number of low energy levels nodes due to their distribution density and their
dimensions area. We show by simulation in MATLAB that the proposed approach increases the number of
received messages and prolong the lifetime of the network compared to DEEC. We conclude by studying
the parameters of heterogeneity that proposed technique provides a longer stability period which increases
by increasing the number of nodes which are excluded from the cluster head selection.
This document discusses finding an optimum transmission range in a wireless sensor network to balance delay and energy consumption. It analyzes how transmission range, node deployment, number of hops, and forwarding techniques affect energy usage. The researchers deployed sensor nodes in a grid and evaluated greedy forwarding and residual energy forwarding under varying transmission ranges. They found that an optimal range exists that uses less energy per transmission while minimizing the number of hops needed to reach destinations.
Efficient energy, cost reduction, and QoS based routing protocol for wireless...IJECEIAES
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Recent developments and widespread in wireless sensor network have led to many routing protocols, many of these protocols consider the efficiency of energy as the ultimate factor to maximize the WSN lifetime. The quality of Service (QoS) requirements for different applications of wireless sensor networks has posed additional challenges. Imaging and data transmission needs both QoS aware routing and energy to ensure the efficient use of sensors. In this paper, we propose an Efficient, Energy-Aware, Least Cost, (ECQSR) quality of service routing protocol for sensor networks which can run efficiently with best-effort traffic processing. The protocol aims to maximize the lifetime of the network out of balancing energy consumption across multiple nodes, by using the concept of service differentiation, finding lower cost by finding the shortest path using nearest neighbor algorithm (NN), also put certain constraints on the delay of the path for real-time data from where link cost that captures energy nodes reserve, energy of the transmission, error rate and other parameters. The results show that the proposed protocol improves the network lifetime and low power consumption.
Advance in the WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WISENET) technology is energy efficient routing protocols that promises a wide range of potential applications in both civilian and military areas. In the WISNET the sensor node have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy sources are limited. So the Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol (ECHERP) and PEGASIS with Double Cluster Head (PDCH) pursues energy conservation through balanced clustering for Energy Efficiency. In WSN, energy efficient routing protocol is important to increase the network lifetime. ECHERP and PDCH both protocol claims to be energy efficient.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document summarizes several energy-efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. It begins by introducing the basic components and architecture of wireless sensor networks. It then categorizes routing protocols based on network structure (flat, hierarchical, location-based) and operation (multipath, query-based, etc.). The majority of the document focuses on reviewing hierarchical protocols, including LEACH, PEGASIS, Hierarchical PEGASIS, and HEED. It provides brief overviews of how these protocols work to reduce energy consumption and extend network lifetime through clustering and data aggregation approaches.
This document provides a literature review of various methods proposed by researchers to improve energy efficiency and security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It summarizes several key energy efficient routing protocols like LEACH, PEGASIS and TEEN, as well as security threats like denial of service attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. The document reviews several studies that have developed algorithms and schemes to reduce energy consumption through techniques like dynamic clustering, mobile agent clustering, and randomized routing. It also discusses schemes to prevent security issues like false data injection and improve data authentication. The conclusion states that future work needs to focus on improving battery power and providing better fault tolerance and protection from severe security threats in WSNs.
Energy Proficient and Security Protocol for WSN: A Reviewtheijes
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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
This document summarizes research on energy efficient multipath routing techniques in wireless sensor networks. It reviews 24 related works that propose and evaluate various multipath routing protocols to increase network lifetime and balance energy consumption. The routing protocols are categorized based on path establishment, network structure, and protocol operation. Key goals of multipath routing include minimizing total energy consumption, extending network lifetime, improving load balancing, and providing reliable and efficient data transmission.
E FFICIENT E NERGY U TILIZATION P ATH A LGORITHM I N W IRELESS S ENSOR...IJCI JOURNAL
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With limited amount of energy, nodes are powered by
batteries in wireless networks. Increasing the lif
e
span of the network and reducing the usage of energ
y are two severe problems in Wireless Sensor
Networks. A small number of energy utilization path
algorithms like minimum spanning tree reduces tota
l
energy consumption of a Wireless Sensor Network, ho
wever very heavy load of sending data packets on
many key nodes is used with the intention that the
nodes quickly consumes battery energy, by raising t
he
life span of the network reduced. Our proposal work
aimed on presenting an Energy Conserved Fast and
Secure Data Aggregation Scheme for WSN in time and
security logic occurrence data collection
application. To begin with, initially the goal is m
ade on energy preservation of sensed data gathering
from
event identified sensor nodes to destination. Inven
tion is finished on Energy Efficient Utilization Pa
th
Algorithm (EEUPA), to extend the lifespan by proces
sing the collecting series with path mediators
depending on gene characteristics sequencing of nod
e energy drain rate, energy consumption rate, and
message overhead together with extended network lif
e span. Additionally, a mathematical programming
technique is designed to improve the lifespan of th
e network. Simulation experiments carried out among
different relating conditions of wireless sensor ne
twork by different path algorithms to analyze the
efficiency and effectiveness of planned Efficient E
nergy Utilization Path Algorithm in wireless sensor
network (EEUPA)
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks An Assessmentijtsrd
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In the past decades, Wireless Sensor Network WSN has become a wide area of research. In WSN, numerous sensor nodes are randomly setup with different energy level. Energy acts as power source and is available to each sensor node in limited quantity. The limiting factor is that sensor nodes are energy constrained and recharging or replacing battery is costly and complex process. This paper explores the different energy consumption factors which effect the lifetime and performance of the WSN's. The main factors which effect the energy consumption in WSN's are scalability, load balancing, reliability, communication, collision, over hearing, ideal listing and latency. Researchers have proved that the node near to sink node discharge very fastly. Apart from these, most of the energy is consumed during the transfer of data from sender to receiver. In this paper effort is made to analyze the effect of different factors on energy consumption in WSN's. Anupam Jain | Prof. Madhuvan Dixit ""Analysis of Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Assessment"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22789.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/22789/analysis-of-energy-in-wireless-sensor-networks-an-assessment/anupam-jain
CUTTING DOWN ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING DUTY CYCLE TECHNI...ijwmn
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A wireless sensor network is composed of many sensor nodes, that have beengiven out in a
specific zoneandeach of them hadanability of collecting information from the environment and
sending collected data to the sink. The most significant issues in wireless sensor networks,
despite the recent progress is the trouble of the severe limitations of energy resources.Since that
in different applications of sensor nets, we could throw a static or mobile sink, then all aspects of
such networks should be planned with an awareness of energy.One of the most significant topics
related to these networks, is routing. One of the most widely used and efficient methods of
routing isa hierarchy (based on clustering) method.
CUTTING DOWN ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING DUTY CYCLE TECHNI...ijwmn
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The document summarizes an algorithm proposed to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks using duty cycling and multi-hop routing. The key aspects of the algorithm are:
1) Layering the network environment based on size and identifying the optimal number of cluster heads in each layer.
2) Selecting the first layer closest to the sink as the "gateway layer" and stopping energy usage in half of these sensors to extend the network lifespan.
3) Using multi-hop routing whereby cluster heads send data to heads in the above layer until the gateway layer, which then sends to the static or mobile sink.
4) Simulation results showed the proposed algorithm performs better than LEACH and ELEACH in terms of
Survey on sensor protocol for information via negotiation (spin) protocoleSAT Publishing House
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This document summarizes a survey on the Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and describes the basic operation of the SPIN protocol. It then discusses several extensions and improvements made to the SPIN protocol, including M-SPIN, SPIN-pi, and SPIN-I, noting problems or limitations with each. It proposes a new solution that combines the M-SPIN protocol with "plug-in" nodes to improve reliability and network lifetime. The proposed solution is described along with an algorithm and network topology. The document concludes by acknowledging references used in the survey.
Survey on sensor protocol for information via negotiation (spin) protocoleSAT Journals
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This document summarizes a survey on the Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and describes the basic operation of the SPIN protocol. It then discusses several extensions and improvements made to the SPIN protocol, including M-SPIN, SPIN-pi, and SPIN-I, noting problems or limitations with each. It proposes a new solution that combines the M-SPIN protocol with the use of "plug-in" nodes to improve reliability and network lifetime. The proposed solution is described along with an algorithm and network topology. The document concludes by acknowledging references used in the survey.
A Review of Sensor Node in Wireless Sensor Networksijtsrd
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Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are collection of tiny sensor nodes capable of sensing, processing and broadcasting data correlated to some occurrence in the network area. The sensor nodes have severe limitation, such as bandwidth, short communication range, limited CPU processing facility, memory and energy. Enhancing the lifetime of wireless sensors network and efficient utilizations of bandwidth are essential for the proliferation of wireless sensor network in different applications. We provide an in depth study of applying wireless sensor networks WSNs to real world habitat monitoring. A set of system design requirements were developed that cover the hardware design of the nodes, the sensor network software, protective enclosures, and system architecture to meet the requirements of biologists. Although researchers anticipate some challenges arising in real world deployments of WSNs, many problems can only be discovered through experience. We present a set of experiences from a four month long deployment on a remote island. We analyze the environmental and node health data to evaluate system performance. The close integration of WSNs with their environment provides environmental data at densities previously impossible. We show that the sensor data is also useful for predicting system operation and network failures. Based on over one million data readings, we analyze the node and network design and develop network reliability profiles and failure models. Jobanputra Paresh Ashokkumar | Prof. Arun Jhapate ""A Review of Sensor Node in Wireless Sensor Networks"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23620.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23620/a-review-of-sensor-node-in-wireless-sensor-networks/jobanputra-paresh-ashokkumar
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An efficient routing approach for aggregated data transmission along with per...eSAT Publishing House
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Data Aggregation & Transfer in Data Centric Network Using Spin Protocol in WSNrahulmonikasharma
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The advancement in the wireless communications and electronics has led to the growth of low-cost sensor networks. Due to which the sensor networks is part of different application areas now. Low-cost, low-power and multifunctional small-sized sensor devices are the great end-products of wireless sensor network technologies. These sensor nodes together in a group form a sensing network. A sensor network can offer access to data anytime, anywhere by gathering, processing, evaluating and distributing data. The evolution of information sending in wireless sensor networks is boosting to devise newer and more advanced routing strategies. Many strategies have considered data collection and data dissemination. In this project, the data produced by the sensor nodes is aggregated and provide the further guaranteed data transmission to sink node/ base station using clustering mechanism and node concentration with SPIN protocol. The proposed scheme provides increased network lifetime, better data gathering and period of stability as compared to M-LEACH protocol.
IRJET- Studies on Lifetime Enhancement Techniques for Wireless Sensor NetworkIRJET Journal
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1) Wireless sensor networks consist of small autonomous sensor nodes that monitor environmental conditions and communicate wirelessly. Battery power is limited so increasing node lifetime is important.
2) Techniques to enhance lifetime include clustering nodes so cluster heads can aggregate data and reduce transmissions, relocating the data sink to balance energy usage, and using energy-efficient routing protocols.
3) Neural networks can also be used to help manage the fuzzy nature of wireless sensor networks and account for various factors that influence node operations.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an energy efficient clustering approach for wireless sensor networks. The approach uses a corona-based model where the monitoring area is divided into concentric circles. Nodes calculate their virtual concentric circle band index to determine eligibility as cluster heads. Eligible nodes use a backoff timer approach where the timer is proportional to the node's distance from the center of its band. The first node's timer to expire advertises itself as the cluster head. This balances energy usage. The paper also describes adding and removing nodes from clusters to provide scalability without affecting the existing infrastructure. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed clustering method.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an energy efficient clustering approach for wireless sensor networks. The approach uses a corona-based model where the area is divided into concentric circles and nodes calculate their virtual concentric circle band index to determine eligibility as a cluster head. Eligible nodes use a back-off timer approach where the node closest to the center of its band will become the cluster head. This balances energy usage and helps form stable clusters. Simulation results show the approach can prolong network lifetime by efficiently selecting cluster heads and allowing addition or removal of nodes without affecting the existing structure.
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Microsoft has added an excellent new extension in PostgreSQL on their Azure Platform. This session, presented at Posette 2024, covers what Query Store is and the types of information you can get out of it.
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French start-up Malibou raised a âŹ3 million Seed Round to develop its payroll and human resources
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Regarding mobile operating systems, two major players dominate our thoughts: Android and iPhone. With Android leading the market, software development companies are focused on delivering apps compatible with this OS. Ensuring an app's functionality across various Android devices, OS versions, and hardware specifications is critical, making Android app testing essential.
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Project management is a crucial aspect of any organization, ensuring that projects are completed efficiently and effectively. One of the key tools used in project management is the project dashboard, which provides a comprehensive view of project progress and performance. In this article, we will explore the role of project dashboards in project management, highlighting their key features and benefits.Â