The document discusses thermal insulation in buildings and energy audits. It covers topics such as: - Calculating U-values and the importance of thermal insulation - Examples of thermal insulation materials and their thermal conductivities - The Syrian building thermal insulation code and requirements on transmittance values - A German-Syrian cooperation project to implement building insulation standards - The STIBA 2010 software to help with thermal calculations and insulation design

1. Syrian Arab Republic
Ministry of Electricity
National Energy Research Centre
Syria
Thermal Insulation & Building Physics
Energy Audits in Buildings and the role of ESCOs
1-5 June 2010 in Tunisia
Prepared by
Eng. Ahmad Altubji & Eng. Rafee Alhallak
Scientific supervising
Dr. Eng. Saad Baradiy

2. Content:
Thermal insulation importance & U-value calculations
Thermal insulation in practice
Syrian German Cooperation project
STIBA 2010 software

3. Thermal Insulation effect
Heating load Cooling load
U_Value = 0.56 (W/m2.K) U_Value = 2.55 (W/m2.K)

4. Heat transfer
Radiation Conviction Conduction

5. Thermal resistances
Ti
Q Q
Te
R=d/λ
Rse Rsi
d

6. Calculate U-value
1
U = i=n
di
( Rsi +∑ + c + se )
R R
i=
1 λ
i
BS EN ISO 6946:1997
Rse
Velocity of wind
m2. K) / W)
Horizontal 0.13 Heat flow
m/s
thickness
down 0.17 )mm( horizontal down up 1 0.08
up 0.1 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.06
3 0.05
5 0.11 0.11 0.11
4 0.04
7 0.13 0.13 0.13
10 0.15 0.15 0.15 5 0.04
15 0.17 0.17 0.16 7 0.03
BS EN ISO 6946:1997 25 0.18 0.19 0.16 10 0.02
50 0.18 0.21 0.16
100 0.18 0.22 0.16
300 0.18 0.23 0.16
BS EN ISO 6946:1997 :‫المرجع‬

7. U-value for non-homogeneous
U =
∑A i
Ui
=
U 1 A1 + 2 A2 +
U .....
A A
1
2
3
4
5
6
A1 A2
A

8. Calculate U facade
Ufacade =
∑U d A d + ∑U w A w + ∑U win A win
A

9. U-value for windows
U f . A f + U g . Ag +ψL
U win =
Awin

10. 1
U = i=n
di
( Rsi +∑ + c + se )
i=
1 λ
R R
i

11. Thermal Insulation Materials
ρ <<
λ <<
d
R =
λ <<
1
U=
Rsi + ∑ R + Rc + Rse >>

12. Thermal Conductivity Comparison W /( m.K )
Polyurthan
Expanded Poly
Rock Wall
Wood
Cement Plaster
Hollow Block
Sand Stone
Normal Concrete
Granite

13. Example
d
R =═ 1.25 ( m 2 .K ) / W
λ
Polyurthan
Expanded Poly
Rock Wall
Wood
Cement Plaster
Hollow Block
Sand Stone
Normal Concrete
Granite

14. 12 9 8 7
6 5 4 3
Thickness 2.5 cm Thickness 5 cm

15. internal
external
internal
external
internal
Thermal Insulation systems
external

16. Heat Storage
ti QS = ρ.C P .V .∆T te
ti
te
ti te
te ti

17. condensation

19. Thermal Performance Building Envelope
improvement
• Last Roof
• Floor ( towards ground & repeated
ceiling )
• Facades ( opaque & windows )

20. Building Thermal insulation Code in Syria
(issued in 17 Nov 2007)
First: Thermal transmittance ( U- value)
W/m2.K
U= 0.5
if Aw > 0.2
if Aw ≤ 0.2
W/m2.K
U= 0.8
U= 1.5 W/m2.K
W/m2.K
W/m2.K
U= 1 W/m2.K
Or
U= 5.2
U= 3.5
U= 0.5 W/m2.K
Afacade
Afacade
U= 1 W/m2.K
Second: The amount of condensate Third: Avoidance Thermal
in the structural elements Bridges

21. Thank
you

22. Thermal bridges

26. (A)
(B)

27. (A)
500 mm
(B )

28. 500 ‫مم‬
A B

33. Windows
Glass
Frame
Thermal break

34. Uf =3.22 W/m².K

35. Uf =1.44 W/m².K

36. Uf =2.07W/m².K

37. Energy efficiency project which
has been implemented in
Ministry of Electricity

49. Thermal insulation installation mistakes

51. Thank you for
your interesting in our planet

53. Why this project ….?
In order to implement buildings thermal insulation Code in
Syrian,
“ practical application for Syrian buildings thermal
insulation Code”
with cooperation between NERC and IPROPLAN, Rostock
University and German Ministry for Economic Co-operation
and Development has been started in October 2009 which
will continue till October 2011

55. Syrian Thermal Insulation Buildings Atlas (STIBA) will
include:
•thermal calculations
•condensation calculations
•thermal insulation materials
•waterproof materials
•vapor barriers
•fenestrations
•suggestions for the perfect thermal designing for
structural elements

56. STIBA 2010 software