This document defines and describes different types of endurance. It discusses basic, speed, sprint, and strength endurance based on the nature of activity. It also discusses short, middle, and long time endurance based on duration. The document outlines factors that affect endurance capacity like aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity. It then describes various training methods to develop endurance like duration load method using constant, alternating and fartlek approaches as well as interval running, repetition training methods.
Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
This presentation introduced some of the foundational concepts of periodization to a live and online audience and was followed by an expert panel discussion.
Mean and Methods of Endurance DevelopmentMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses different types of endurance and training methods to build endurance. It defines endurance as the ability to resist fatigue during physical activity. There are four main types of endurance defined by the duration and nature of the activity: basic endurance for under 45 seconds, speed endurance from 45 seconds to 2 minutes, general endurance from 2 minutes to 11 minutes, and long time endurance over 11 minutes. The document also outlines several continuous, interval, repetition, and competition training methods that can be used at different intensities and durations to progressively improve endurance over time.
The document discusses six principles of sports training:
1. Specificity - training should mimic the specific demands of the sport.
2. Overload - training loads must gradually increase over time to continue adaptations.
3. Adaptation - the body adjusts to increased physical demands through repeated practice or training.
4. Progression - training demands must steadily increase as fitness levels improve.
5. Reversibility - fitness gains are lost if training stops but can be regained when training resumes.
6. Variation - training should include variations in intensity, duration, and exercises to prevent overuse and maintain interest.
Training plans can be classified based on duration and number of people involved. There are yearly plans, meso-cycle plans lasting 3-6 weeks, and micro-cycle plans forming the basis for meso-cycles. Training conception involves long-term principles and rules. Yearly plans lay out training details for one year. Meso-cycle plans have specific aims achieved through micro-cycles and tests after each meso-cycle. Micro-cycles systematically arrange the load over training sessions. Training sessions are the basic unit and plans can be individual or group-based.
This document discusses high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its benefits compared to endurance training. HIIT involves short bursts of intense exercise alternated with recovery periods. A typical HIIT session involves sprinting for 30 seconds followed by a 1 minute recovery period, repeated 4-6 times. Studies have shown that HIIT can improve aerobic capacity, fat metabolism, and endurance as much as longer endurance training, but with less time commitment - around 15 minutes for HIIT versus hours for endurance training. The intensity of HIIT places more stress on the body than endurance training, leading to more rapid adaptations in factors like mitochondria and fat burning.
This document defines and describes various training methods including continuous training, interval training, circuit training, cross training, weight training, and Zumba. Continuous training is designed to improve aerobic capacity and endurance through sessions lasting 20+ minutes at 70-85% maximum heart rate. Interval training alternates hard and easy periods to improve strength, power, and speed. Circuit training involves moving from one exercise to the next with minimal rest to build muscular endurance, definition, and aerobic capacity.
The document discusses the process of adaptation and recovery from exercise. It explains that continuous exercise leads to the buildup of lactic acid in muscles, causing fatigue. Recovery allows lactic acid levels to return to normal. There are several laws and factors that govern adaptation, including providing an optimal load and balance between load and recovery. Faster recovery can be achieved through proper training methodology, nutrition, physiotherapy, and psychological means.
Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
This presentation introduced some of the foundational concepts of periodization to a live and online audience and was followed by an expert panel discussion.
Mean and Methods of Endurance DevelopmentMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses different types of endurance and training methods to build endurance. It defines endurance as the ability to resist fatigue during physical activity. There are four main types of endurance defined by the duration and nature of the activity: basic endurance for under 45 seconds, speed endurance from 45 seconds to 2 minutes, general endurance from 2 minutes to 11 minutes, and long time endurance over 11 minutes. The document also outlines several continuous, interval, repetition, and competition training methods that can be used at different intensities and durations to progressively improve endurance over time.
The document discusses six principles of sports training:
1. Specificity - training should mimic the specific demands of the sport.
2. Overload - training loads must gradually increase over time to continue adaptations.
3. Adaptation - the body adjusts to increased physical demands through repeated practice or training.
4. Progression - training demands must steadily increase as fitness levels improve.
5. Reversibility - fitness gains are lost if training stops but can be regained when training resumes.
6. Variation - training should include variations in intensity, duration, and exercises to prevent overuse and maintain interest.
Training plans can be classified based on duration and number of people involved. There are yearly plans, meso-cycle plans lasting 3-6 weeks, and micro-cycle plans forming the basis for meso-cycles. Training conception involves long-term principles and rules. Yearly plans lay out training details for one year. Meso-cycle plans have specific aims achieved through micro-cycles and tests after each meso-cycle. Micro-cycles systematically arrange the load over training sessions. Training sessions are the basic unit and plans can be individual or group-based.
This document discusses high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its benefits compared to endurance training. HIIT involves short bursts of intense exercise alternated with recovery periods. A typical HIIT session involves sprinting for 30 seconds followed by a 1 minute recovery period, repeated 4-6 times. Studies have shown that HIIT can improve aerobic capacity, fat metabolism, and endurance as much as longer endurance training, but with less time commitment - around 15 minutes for HIIT versus hours for endurance training. The intensity of HIIT places more stress on the body than endurance training, leading to more rapid adaptations in factors like mitochondria and fat burning.
This document defines and describes various training methods including continuous training, interval training, circuit training, cross training, weight training, and Zumba. Continuous training is designed to improve aerobic capacity and endurance through sessions lasting 20+ minutes at 70-85% maximum heart rate. Interval training alternates hard and easy periods to improve strength, power, and speed. Circuit training involves moving from one exercise to the next with minimal rest to build muscular endurance, definition, and aerobic capacity.
The document discusses the process of adaptation and recovery from exercise. It explains that continuous exercise leads to the buildup of lactic acid in muscles, causing fatigue. Recovery allows lactic acid levels to return to normal. There are several laws and factors that govern adaptation, including providing an optimal load and balance between load and recovery. Faster recovery can be achieved through proper training methodology, nutrition, physiotherapy, and psychological means.
The document summarizes the acute and chronic responses of the body to exercise. For acute responses, it describes how cardiovascular factors like heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure increase during exercise to deliver more oxygen to working muscles. Respiratory responses also increase oxygen uptake and ventilation. Chronic adaptations to training include increased maximum oxygen uptake and efficiency of oxygen delivery systems in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems over 6-8 weeks of regular aerobic training. Anaerobic training leads to increased muscle size, strength and power over the same duration.
The document discusses nutrition strategies for athletes before, during, and after intense exercise. It recommends that the pre-competition meal should be high in carbohydrates (150-300g), consumed 3-4 hours before exercise to replenish glycogen stores. During exercise, consuming about 60g of carbohydrates per hour benefits performance for long duration or high intensity exercise by sparing glycogen and stabilizing blood glucose. The strategies aim to provide steady fuel without large insulin responses that could impair performance.
Meaning, principles, causes, symptoms and remidies of over loadMAHABOOBJAN A
1. Overload occurs when the training load exceeds an individual's capacity, disturbing their physiological and psychological functions.
2. If overload continues for a long period, it can decrease performance as full recovery does not occur each day, leading to accumulated fatigue.
3. To improve performance, the training load must be progressively increased over time through methods like increasing intensity, volume, exercise variety, or training frequency while allowing for adequate adaptation to the increased load.
The document discusses various ergogenic aids used by athletes to enhance sports performance. It describes pharmacological agents like beta-blockers, amphetamines, alcohol, blood doping, erythropoietin, oxygen supplementation, bicarbonate, amino acids, creatine, L-carnitine, diuretics, caffeine, anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and phosphate loading. For each, it provides details on their physiological effects, potential performance benefits, and health risks.
Mean and Methods of Flexibility DevelopmentMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses flexibility, which is the range of motion of joints. It describes different types of flexibility including general, specific, active, passive, static, and dynamic flexibility. It also discusses factors that determine flexibility such as anatomical structure, ligaments, muscle stretchability, coordination, and strength. Finally, it outlines several methods for developing flexibility, including ballistic, slow stretching, slow stretching and holding, post isometric stretch, and PNF stretching techniques.
The document discusses overload in sports training. It defines overload as exceeding an individual's capacity, which can negatively impact physiological and psychological functions with long-term administration. It lists important causes of overload as improper training load, lifestyle factors, socio-environmental issues, and health problems. Symptoms of overload include changes in behavior, poor performance, and somatic issues like sleep/appetite loss. Tackling overload requires recognizing causes, modifying training, improving nutrition/therapy, and potentially changing environments.
This document discusses various physical fitness tests that can be used to assess athletes. It begins by defining physical fitness and its importance for athletes. It then describes different types of fitness tests that can evaluate body composition, flexibility, strength, speed, agility, repeat sprints, and aerobic capacity. Specific tests are outlined for each component, including descriptions of how they are performed and used to evaluate an athlete's fitness levels. The document provides a comprehensive overview of physical fitness assessment tools for coaches and trainers.
Mean, Methods and Development of Speed TrainingMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses different aspects of speed in sports. It defines various types of speed, including reaction speed, movement speed, sprinting speed, locomotor speed, and speed endurance. For each type of speed, it provides an example of the relevant sport or movement and recommends exercises to improve that particular speed ability. Exercises focus on practicing movements at high intensity and short rest intervals to build explosive power and the ability to maintain speed over longer durations while fatigued. The overall goal is to execute motor actions and complete movements in the shortest possible time.
Tactics are specific actions and sequences used to fulfill a strategy. They aim to outwit an opponent by effectively using skills and talents. Tactics consist of actions and measures adopted before or during competition. Tactical preparation involves exercises, trials, and drills to instill competitive tactics. Tactics aim to hinder opponents through motor actions or influence judges. A tactical action has three phases: perception and analysis of the situation, mental solution, and motor solution. Tactics are used in both individual and team activities, depending on strengths, weaknesses, and performance.
Speed is the quickness of movement in sports and can be expressed as maximum speed, power, or speed endurance. Speed is influenced by factors like muscle structure, strength, technique, and energy systems. There are different types of speed like reaction speed, speed of movement, acceleration speed, sprinting speed, and speed endurance. Speed training involves drills, sprints of various distances, uphill and downhill running, and overcoming the speed barrier through indirect training when direct speed work plateaus. A sample speed training week alternates weight training, short speed workouts, and long speed workouts.
Mean and Methods to develop Co-ordinationMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses coordination and coordinative abilities in sports. It defines coordination as the ability to control and regulate movement through the central nervous system and sensory organs. It identifies seven specific coordinative abilities: orientation, coupling, differentiation, balance, rhythm, reaction, and adaptation. For each ability, it provides examples and explains how the ability depends on specific sensory functions. It concludes by outlining seven methods for improving coordinative abilities, such as performing varied physical exercises, correctly executing movements, and systematically increasing the difficulty of exercises.
Mean, Methods and Development of Strength TrainingMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses different types of strength and strength training. It defines muscular strength, dynamic strength, and static strength. The main types of strength are then described as maximum strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance. Maximum strength is the ability to overcome maximal resistance in a single contraction. Explosive strength is overcoming resistance with high speed. Strength endurance is the ability to execute movements at high speed under fatigue. The document provides examples for each type and discusses general, specific, static, and relative strength. It outlines training methods for strength improvements using weights, bodyweight, and conditioning exercises. Guidelines for load, intensity, repetitions, recovery, and sets are given for developing maximum strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance
The document discusses five methods of training: circuit training, interval training, fartlek training, continuous training, and weight training. It provides details on each method, including how they develop different fitness components and examples of exercises.
Ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performancewilleycoyote
This document discusses various ergogenic aids (performance-enhancing substances), including anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and erythropoietin. It describes the physiological effects of each substance, such as increased muscle growth, strength, and red blood cell count. It also identifies sports that may benefit from these effects, like sprinting, bodybuilding, and endurance sports. However, the document warns that long-term use of these banned substances can have serious health implications, including organ damage, cardiovascular disease, blood clots, and stroke.
Short term exercise increases breathing rate and depth to deliver more oxygen to the lungs and remove more waste products. It also increases tidal volume, which is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath. Long term exercise lowers resting respiratory rate and rate during exercise over time. It also increases lung volume and efficiency as well as blood supply to the lungs.
This document discusses the principles of periodization in training. It begins with an overview and background on periodization, noting that it aims to make training more measurable and planned. Key aspects discussed include supercompensation, where overload is followed by recovery and supercompensation. Periodization models from Matveyev and others are examined. Matveyev's approach bases periodization on supercompensation and organizes training into microcycles, mesocycles, and macrocycles within preparation, competition, and transition periods. The document provides guidance on applying periodization through constructing annual plans, periods and phases, mesocycles, and microcycles with examples for college football.
LT refers to the exercise intensity at which lactate production exceeds removal and begins to accumulate. It is an important determinant of endurance performance and provides a measure of metabolic fitness compared to VO2max as a measure of cardiovascular fitness. LT can be measured in various ways that are closely related. Factors like muscle mitochondria, fiber type, exercise mode determine LT. Training, especially continuous training around threshold, can significantly improve LT over a season in athletes. Interval training may also effectively raise LT.
The Cooper 12-minute run test was developed by Dr. Kenneth Cooper in 1968 to easily measure aerobic fitness through estimating VO2 max. The test involves running as far as possible in 12 minutes, with walking allowed. The total distance run can then be used to estimate VO2 max via established equations. The Cooper test remains a basic fitness assessment tool that provides valid and reliable measurements of cardiovascular endurance when properly administered and scored. It allows for evaluating fitness over time or comparing results across multiple clients.
The document discusses different methods of endurance training. It describes continuous methods like slow continuous, fast continuous, varied pace, and fartlek methods which involve uninterrupted training at medium to submaximal intensities. Interval methods involve repeated bursts of faster pace separated by recovery periods and can be classified as short, middle, or long intervals. Repetition methods use high intensity loads separated by complete recovery periods to develop speed endurance. Factors like intensity, density, duration, frequency, and recovery mode can be manipulated in interval training.
The document summarizes the acute and chronic responses of the body to exercise. For acute responses, it describes how cardiovascular factors like heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure increase during exercise to deliver more oxygen to working muscles. Respiratory responses also increase oxygen uptake and ventilation. Chronic adaptations to training include increased maximum oxygen uptake and efficiency of oxygen delivery systems in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems over 6-8 weeks of regular aerobic training. Anaerobic training leads to increased muscle size, strength and power over the same duration.
The document discusses nutrition strategies for athletes before, during, and after intense exercise. It recommends that the pre-competition meal should be high in carbohydrates (150-300g), consumed 3-4 hours before exercise to replenish glycogen stores. During exercise, consuming about 60g of carbohydrates per hour benefits performance for long duration or high intensity exercise by sparing glycogen and stabilizing blood glucose. The strategies aim to provide steady fuel without large insulin responses that could impair performance.
Meaning, principles, causes, symptoms and remidies of over loadMAHABOOBJAN A
1. Overload occurs when the training load exceeds an individual's capacity, disturbing their physiological and psychological functions.
2. If overload continues for a long period, it can decrease performance as full recovery does not occur each day, leading to accumulated fatigue.
3. To improve performance, the training load must be progressively increased over time through methods like increasing intensity, volume, exercise variety, or training frequency while allowing for adequate adaptation to the increased load.
The document discusses various ergogenic aids used by athletes to enhance sports performance. It describes pharmacological agents like beta-blockers, amphetamines, alcohol, blood doping, erythropoietin, oxygen supplementation, bicarbonate, amino acids, creatine, L-carnitine, diuretics, caffeine, anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and phosphate loading. For each, it provides details on their physiological effects, potential performance benefits, and health risks.
Mean and Methods of Flexibility DevelopmentMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses flexibility, which is the range of motion of joints. It describes different types of flexibility including general, specific, active, passive, static, and dynamic flexibility. It also discusses factors that determine flexibility such as anatomical structure, ligaments, muscle stretchability, coordination, and strength. Finally, it outlines several methods for developing flexibility, including ballistic, slow stretching, slow stretching and holding, post isometric stretch, and PNF stretching techniques.
The document discusses overload in sports training. It defines overload as exceeding an individual's capacity, which can negatively impact physiological and psychological functions with long-term administration. It lists important causes of overload as improper training load, lifestyle factors, socio-environmental issues, and health problems. Symptoms of overload include changes in behavior, poor performance, and somatic issues like sleep/appetite loss. Tackling overload requires recognizing causes, modifying training, improving nutrition/therapy, and potentially changing environments.
This document discusses various physical fitness tests that can be used to assess athletes. It begins by defining physical fitness and its importance for athletes. It then describes different types of fitness tests that can evaluate body composition, flexibility, strength, speed, agility, repeat sprints, and aerobic capacity. Specific tests are outlined for each component, including descriptions of how they are performed and used to evaluate an athlete's fitness levels. The document provides a comprehensive overview of physical fitness assessment tools for coaches and trainers.
Mean, Methods and Development of Speed TrainingMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses different aspects of speed in sports. It defines various types of speed, including reaction speed, movement speed, sprinting speed, locomotor speed, and speed endurance. For each type of speed, it provides an example of the relevant sport or movement and recommends exercises to improve that particular speed ability. Exercises focus on practicing movements at high intensity and short rest intervals to build explosive power and the ability to maintain speed over longer durations while fatigued. The overall goal is to execute motor actions and complete movements in the shortest possible time.
Tactics are specific actions and sequences used to fulfill a strategy. They aim to outwit an opponent by effectively using skills and talents. Tactics consist of actions and measures adopted before or during competition. Tactical preparation involves exercises, trials, and drills to instill competitive tactics. Tactics aim to hinder opponents through motor actions or influence judges. A tactical action has three phases: perception and analysis of the situation, mental solution, and motor solution. Tactics are used in both individual and team activities, depending on strengths, weaknesses, and performance.
Speed is the quickness of movement in sports and can be expressed as maximum speed, power, or speed endurance. Speed is influenced by factors like muscle structure, strength, technique, and energy systems. There are different types of speed like reaction speed, speed of movement, acceleration speed, sprinting speed, and speed endurance. Speed training involves drills, sprints of various distances, uphill and downhill running, and overcoming the speed barrier through indirect training when direct speed work plateaus. A sample speed training week alternates weight training, short speed workouts, and long speed workouts.
Mean and Methods to develop Co-ordinationMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses coordination and coordinative abilities in sports. It defines coordination as the ability to control and regulate movement through the central nervous system and sensory organs. It identifies seven specific coordinative abilities: orientation, coupling, differentiation, balance, rhythm, reaction, and adaptation. For each ability, it provides examples and explains how the ability depends on specific sensory functions. It concludes by outlining seven methods for improving coordinative abilities, such as performing varied physical exercises, correctly executing movements, and systematically increasing the difficulty of exercises.
Mean, Methods and Development of Strength TrainingMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses different types of strength and strength training. It defines muscular strength, dynamic strength, and static strength. The main types of strength are then described as maximum strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance. Maximum strength is the ability to overcome maximal resistance in a single contraction. Explosive strength is overcoming resistance with high speed. Strength endurance is the ability to execute movements at high speed under fatigue. The document provides examples for each type and discusses general, specific, static, and relative strength. It outlines training methods for strength improvements using weights, bodyweight, and conditioning exercises. Guidelines for load, intensity, repetitions, recovery, and sets are given for developing maximum strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance
The document discusses five methods of training: circuit training, interval training, fartlek training, continuous training, and weight training. It provides details on each method, including how they develop different fitness components and examples of exercises.
Ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performancewilleycoyote
This document discusses various ergogenic aids (performance-enhancing substances), including anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and erythropoietin. It describes the physiological effects of each substance, such as increased muscle growth, strength, and red blood cell count. It also identifies sports that may benefit from these effects, like sprinting, bodybuilding, and endurance sports. However, the document warns that long-term use of these banned substances can have serious health implications, including organ damage, cardiovascular disease, blood clots, and stroke.
Short term exercise increases breathing rate and depth to deliver more oxygen to the lungs and remove more waste products. It also increases tidal volume, which is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath. Long term exercise lowers resting respiratory rate and rate during exercise over time. It also increases lung volume and efficiency as well as blood supply to the lungs.
This document discusses the principles of periodization in training. It begins with an overview and background on periodization, noting that it aims to make training more measurable and planned. Key aspects discussed include supercompensation, where overload is followed by recovery and supercompensation. Periodization models from Matveyev and others are examined. Matveyev's approach bases periodization on supercompensation and organizes training into microcycles, mesocycles, and macrocycles within preparation, competition, and transition periods. The document provides guidance on applying periodization through constructing annual plans, periods and phases, mesocycles, and microcycles with examples for college football.
LT refers to the exercise intensity at which lactate production exceeds removal and begins to accumulate. It is an important determinant of endurance performance and provides a measure of metabolic fitness compared to VO2max as a measure of cardiovascular fitness. LT can be measured in various ways that are closely related. Factors like muscle mitochondria, fiber type, exercise mode determine LT. Training, especially continuous training around threshold, can significantly improve LT over a season in athletes. Interval training may also effectively raise LT.
The Cooper 12-minute run test was developed by Dr. Kenneth Cooper in 1968 to easily measure aerobic fitness through estimating VO2 max. The test involves running as far as possible in 12 minutes, with walking allowed. The total distance run can then be used to estimate VO2 max via established equations. The Cooper test remains a basic fitness assessment tool that provides valid and reliable measurements of cardiovascular endurance when properly administered and scored. It allows for evaluating fitness over time or comparing results across multiple clients.
The document discusses different methods of endurance training. It describes continuous methods like slow continuous, fast continuous, varied pace, and fartlek methods which involve uninterrupted training at medium to submaximal intensities. Interval methods involve repeated bursts of faster pace separated by recovery periods and can be classified as short, middle, or long intervals. Repetition methods use high intensity loads separated by complete recovery periods to develop speed endurance. Factors like intensity, density, duration, frequency, and recovery mode can be manipulated in interval training.
This document discusses aerobic and anaerobic training principles for different sports. It begins by explaining how the energy requirements of a sport determine the necessary training. There are three energy systems - ATP-PCr, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Training must develop the specific capabilities required for a sport through principles of specificity, progression, overload, and reversibility. Aerobic training enhances cardiovascular and pulmonary function while anaerobic training improves intramuscular substrates and enzyme activity. Guidelines are provided for prescribing aerobic and anaerobic training intensities, frequencies, durations and methods.
This document discusses various physiological tests used to assess fitness and performance in athletes. It describes tests that measure cardiorespiratory endurance like VO2 max, lactate threshold, and anaerobic capacity. Muscular strength, power, and flexibility are also assessed using tests like 1RM, vertical jump, and sit-and-reach. The tests discussed include both laboratory and field tests and provide objective measures of an athlete's abilities to help design optimal training programs. Regular testing allows evaluation of training effectiveness and identification of strengths and weaknesses.
Anil Dahiya XII chapter -10 Training in sports physical educationANIL DAHIYA
This document provides an overview of different components of sports training including strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities. It defines each component and describes various methods to improve each one. For strength, it discusses isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic exercises. For endurance, it covers continuous training, interval training, and fartlek training. For speed, it mentions acceleration runs and pace runs. And for flexibility, it lists static, ballistic, dynamic, and PNF stretching methods. The document serves as a reference for understanding the key aspects of training for sports.
The document provides guidance on performance training for football referees. It outlines various types of training including warm-ups, high-intensity interval training, speed and agility training, recovery sessions, and strength training. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring heart rate zones and perceiving exertion during different training intensities. Training should follow a periodic cycle and plan to induce supercompensation effects while preventing overtraining.
PowerPoint presentation for Stage 6 HSC PDHPE Core 2 unit.
PowerPoint to be used in conjunction with class teacher website for activity resources and additional Prezi presentation for student-led learning.
http://ratusaupdhpe.weebly.com/
The document discusses how different types of training can affect performance, including aerobic training, anaerobic training, flexibility training, and strength training. It provides details on continuous training, fartlek training, aerobic intervals, circuits, anaerobic intervals, static stretching, ballistic stretching, dynamic stretching, PNF stretching, and the different types of muscle contractions including isotonic, eccentric, and isometric. The document emphasizes applying the principles of overload and progression to continually improve performance through training.
This document defines aerobic exercise as any activity that uses large muscle groups continuously and rhythmically, such as walking, jogging, running, dancing, skiing, bicycling or swimming. It oversees three main energy systems and explains how aerobic exercise relies on the aerobic system for long-term, lower-intensity efforts. The document also summarizes the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic adaptations that occur from regular aerobic training, including increased endurance, heart size, lung capacity and fat burning. Finally, it outlines different aerobic training principles, parameters, methods and provides examples of continuous, interval, circuit and cross training.
This document discusses the physiology of training distance runners. It covers the biological law of training, where the structure and performance of organs is determined by genetics and the quality and quantity of work. It states that the more demand placed on an organ within physiological limits, the more it will adapt and become efficient. It also discusses objectives of physiological testing, training goals, variables of endurance performance, training intensities and zones, methods for measuring VO2 max, predictive time charts, and the major mechanisms for optimal distance running performance.
The document discusses various components of sports training including strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities. It defines each component and describes different types. For strength, it outlines isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic exercises and their advantages and disadvantages. For endurance, it discusses continuous training, interval training, fartlek training, and circuit training methods. For speed, it covers pace runs and acceleration runs. For flexibility, it explains active, passive, and static flexibility as well as stretching techniques. Finally, it lists types of coordinative abilities such as reaction, balance, and adaptation.
This document discusses aerobic capacity and factors that affect it. Aerobic capacity is the ability of the body to take in, transport, and use oxygen during prolonged submaximal exercise. It depends on the efficiency of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems. VO2 max is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption during maximal exercise and is a measure of aerobic endurance. Aerobic training can improve VO2 max by 10-20% through adaptations to these body systems that enhance oxygen intake, transport, and utilization.
The document discusses various aspects of training and sports including strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordinative abilities, and circuit training. It defines these terms and describes different types as well as methods to develop each component. For example, it explains that strength includes static, dynamic, and explosive types and can be improved through isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic exercises. Circuit training is described as a method that combines various exercises performed back-to-back with minimal rest in between.
The document discusses different swimming practice methods and their effects on developing speed and endurance. It describes slow and fast periodical practice, repetition practice, sprint practice, and their typical sets and rest times. The main goal of these methods is to improve areas like aerobic endurance, speed, muscle power, lactate tolerance, and nerve-muscle coordination through varied training paces, distances, repetitions, and rest periods.
Aerobic fitness refers to the ability of the cardiovascular system to efficiently deliver oxygen to cells during prolonged physical activity. It is the most important component of physical fitness and is indicative of overall health. Regular aerobic exercise can increase cardiorespiratory endurance by improving the body's ability to take in, transport, and utilize oxygen. Benefits include increased maximum oxygen uptake, decreased resting heart rate, lower blood pressure, and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Aerobic exercise should be performed 3-7 days per week, targeting a moderate to vigorous intensity for 20-60 minutes per session.
1. High-intensity interval training involves short bursts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with recovery periods and can be effective for improving endurance performance when properly programmed.
2. There are different HIT formats that vary based on work interval duration, intensity, and recovery duration and intensity which influence time spent at VO2max, anaerobic contribution, and neuromuscular load.
3. Long interval training generally allows for the greatest time spent at VO2max while sprint interval training allows only brief periods at VO2max. Recovery duration and intensity also impact physiological response.
4. Proper programming of HIT considers the athlete's fitness level and training status as well as injury risk to maximize
Pete Pfitzinger presented "Marathon Training: How to optimize your training program to reach your potential" on Wednesday, January 18, 2012.
Pete Pfitzinger, a two-time Olympic marathoner, exercise physiologist, coach and co-author of Advanced Marathoning, provided insights on how to develop your marathon training program to reach your potential. In this free webinar, Pete provided details on the right balance of training to optimize your marathon performance, including long runs, tempo runs, marathon pace runs, VO2 max training, speed training and recovery runs. The session wrapped up with a discussion of how to taper your marathon training over the last few weeks so you are fit and fresh for a personal best. This archived webinar will be useful for any marathoner who wants to improve their performance.
The document discusses the principles of exercise training and their application, including definitions of key terms like training and exercise. It outlines the principles of individuality, specificity, periodization, overload, and reversibility. It provides examples of how to implement progressive overload through increasing frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise over time. Clinical application of training principles and guidelines from organizations for different populations are also reviewed.
Similar to Endurance (endurance training) and their factor affecting the endurance (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. WHAT IS ENDURANCE ?
◦ “Endurance is characterized by the maintenance of working capacity and by the degree of resistance of the
organism against fatigue and against the influence of unfavorable environment conditions”.
◦ It is also characterized by the pace of recovery after a tiresome activity.
◦ Endurance is the resistance ability to fatigue.
◦ Endurance load causes numerous changes in the function and structure of the organism.
◦ Changes refers to performance of heart, circulation, respiration, and bio-chemical changes in the muscles.
◦ Endurance performance does not depend only on physiological factors but also on the will qualities of the
sportsperson.
3. Forms of Endurance
Endurance can be classified based on the nature of the activity and duration of the activity.
Based on the nature of the activity:
1. Basic Endurance
2. Speed Endurance
3. Sprint Endurance
4. Strength Endurance
Based on the duration of the activity:
1. Short Time Endurance
2. Middle Time Endurance
3. Long time endurance
4. Types of Endurance
Basic Endurance:
It is the ability of the organism to resist against fatigue in the case of endurance loads of medium intensity of
stimulus and mainly aerobic muscular metabolism.
Speed Endurance:
It is the ability of the organism to resist against fatigue in the case of endurance loads of sub-maximum
intensity of stimulus and mainly anaerobic gaining of energy and maximum loss of oxygen.
5. Sprint Endurance:
It is the ability of the organism to resist against fatigue during endurance load of maximum intensity and
maximum motor frequency.
Strength Endurance:
It is the ability of the muscle to get over resistance in the case of loads of medium intensity of stimulus for as
long time as possible.
6. Short Time Endurance:
This ability is required for cyclic activities which last from 45 seconds to two minutes. E.g.; 400 meters run,
800 meters run, few events of swimming, complete performance of few elements in gymnastics, selected
combative sports namely wrestling, judo etc.
Middle Time Endurance:
This ability is needed for cyclic activities continuing between 2 to 8 minutes. E.g.; 1500 meters run, 3000
meters run, few events in swimming, selected combative activities etc.
Long Time Endurance:
This ability is essential for all games and sports and activities continuing for more than eight minutes. E.g.;
Long distance events in track and field and swimming, Ball Games, Racket Games, Kabaddi, KhoKho etc.
7. Factor Affecting Endurance
Endurance capacity:
To enable a person to continue an activity for a prolonged period, continuous flow of oxygen has to be
ensured to the working muscle for liberation of energy. The aerobic capacity of a person can be measured by
the maximum amount of oxygen consumed by the working muscles in one minute (VO2 max)
aerobic capacity:
The aerobic capacity (V02 max) of a person depends upon the following factors:
(a) Amount of oxygen which can be extracted by the blood from the atmosphere.
(b) Amount of oxygen that can be transported from the lungs to the working muscle.
(c) Amount of oxygen taken up by the muscle cells from the blood.
(d) Amount of glycogen stores in the muscles and Liver
8. Anaerobic Capacity:
Anaerobic capacity is the ability of the organism to perform an activity in the absence of oxygen.
For these activities energy production comes either from breakdown of phosphagen (ATP and CP) or from
glycolysis of muscle glycogen.
The process of production of energy due to breakdown of ATP and CP is termed as a lactic acid mechanism
and production of energy due to glycolysis of muscles glycogen is called lactic acid mechanism.
The amount of phosphagen stores in the muscles is limited and can supply oxygen for high intensity activity
lasting for 8 to 10 seconds.
Hence lactic acid mechanism supports continuance of high speed activities
9. Anaerobic capacity depends upon the following factors:
(a) Adenosine Triphosphate and Creative Phosphate stores in the body (Phosphagen Stores).
(b) Ability of the alkali reserves of the body to neutralize lactic acid (Butter Capacity).
(c) Ability of the individual to tolerate high concentration of lactic acid in the blood and muscles (Lactic Acid
Tolerance).
(d) Amount of oxygen consumed by the working of muscles per minute (V02 max)
10. Economy of Movement:
◦ All the movements are to be efficiently executed and unwanted movements are to be avoided so that
activities are performed with minimum expenditure of energy.
◦ To achieve this, complete technical efficiency is to be ensured.
◦ A sportsperson who can perform an activity with less expenditure of energy can continue with same speed
for longer duration.
Psychological Factors:
In addition to physiological factors, certain psychological factors namely motivation, will power, ability to
tolerate pain and discomfort etc are also important in enabling a sportsperson to continue activity for a
prolonged period.
11.
12. Duration Load Method
This training means includes those methods of endurance training in which uninterrupted
medium to sub-maximum intensity loads are maintained for a relatively longer period of time.
a). Constant Method
This method involves continuous loads administered for a prolonged period of time. In as much
as the loads are continued for a long time, the intensity of running is low. This method has three
variations.
Slow Constant Method
Intensity of running such that HR increase from normal to 140 to 160 beats/minute.
Order to best result, volume of load not be less than 30 minutes.
Max. duration up to 120 min for trained person.
Method also enhance will power and determination of the sportsperson.
13. Fast Constant Method
Intensity of running such that HR increase from normal to 160 to 180 b/m.
Order to best result, volume of load not be less than 20 min.
Method is effective for enhancing vo2 max, oxygen extraction ability of the muscles, increased
number and size of mitochondria.
Method also brings changes in the heart and lungs efficiency.
Varied Pace Method
Changes in pace is pre plan.
Duration may last up to 15 to 90 minutes.
Application of uninterrupted loads but with changes of pace and speed.
Sportsperson start with fast constant method first and continue for about 15 minutes.
Then switch over to slow constant method for the remaining 45 minutes.
Intensity of running such that HR maintained between 140 to 160 beats/minute.
Beneficial for improving both aerobic and anaerobic capacities.
14. b. Alternating Method
In this method of endurance training also the load is uninterrupted but the intensity of running is
changed.
The change of intensity is fixed by the coach.
In view of the fact that intensity of running and its change is planned by the coach, this method has not
become popular.
Invariably sportspersons are unable to maintain intensity of running planned by the coach.
c. Fartlek Method
Fartlek term meaning “speed play”
It is used to describe cross country runs where the steady speed of ordinary cross country running into
mixture of faster and slower pace.
Change of intensity depends upon the surface of running, surroundings, condition of the sportsperson,
climate.
Running of different surfaces, running through the woods, running by the river or sea side, running up
and down the hills.
Beneficial for improving both aerobic and anaerobic capacities
15. Change in pace is not pre planned.
Improve aerobic and anaerobic endurance.
Intensity 140 to 180 B/Min
Duration 15 to 90 Min
1. Warm up by jogging for 5 to 10 minutes followed by free hand exercise for different parts of the
body for about 4 to 6 minutes.
2. Run at fast steady pace over a distance 800m to 1200 m.
3. Brisk walking for 5 minutes.
4. Perform easy running, separated by 40 to 50 meters sprints, repeating until symptoms of
fatigue appear.
5. Slow jogging for about 3 to 5 minutes.
An example of training schedule using Fartlek Method
16. 6. Run up the hill with full speed up to 80 to 100 meters. Run down the hill at a jogging pace after
each repetition.
7. Walk for 5 minutes.
8. Run at fast pace for about one minute.
9. Jog about 1 to 1.5 km to limber down.
10. End with stretching exercise
Interval Running Method
It is the most versatile method of endurance of endurance training.
Involves repeated efforts at relatively faster pace, separated by measured intervals of
incomplete recovery.
Intensity of running should be such that the heart rate increase from normal to 170-180
beats/minute.
Repeated again when HR comes down to 120 beats/minute.
Training load in this method is best maintained by repeatedly checking the HR.
17. The interval method can be classified as follows:
a. Short Time Interval Method
Load is between 15 seconds to 2 minutes.
b. Middle Time Interval Method
Load is between 2 minutes to 8 minutes.
c. Long time interval method
Load is between 8 minutes to 15 minutes.
The above three variations of interval method can be categorized into intensive internal running (dominated by
high intensity 80% to90%) method and extensive interval running method (dominated by volume of stimulus and
intensity is comparatively less 60% to 80%).
Factors of interval running method:
Intensity of stimulus (Speed of work).
Density of stimulus (Interval of recovery).
Duration of stimulus (Duration of work).
Frequency of stimulus (Number of repetitions).
Mode of recovery (Nature of recovery).
Above factors can be manipulated to increase or decrease the load (Only one or even all the factors).
Important point to be recognized is the mode of performing recovery.
18. Repetition Training Method
Methods involves load of high intensity (90 to 100%).
Separated by interval of complete recovery.
Best method for developing speed endurance and pace judgment.
Enhances anaerobic endurance, improving phosphagen stores, lactic
acid tolerance and non oxidative enzymes.
Duration 3 to 8 seconds/ 20 to 70 meters.
Recovery 2 to 3 min between repetition.
19. Competition and Test Method
This method is also effective for improving specific endurance and
several psychological characteristics important for good endurance
performance.
In this method games and sports are played for the actual duration at
competitive intensity.
Games are also played for slightly longer and shorter duration.
With the increase and decrease in duration, the intensity is slightly
adjusted to make the load effective.
Actual, over and under distance are also covered at high intensity in
track and field and swimming.