Endometriosis is a condition where functioning endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the abdominal cavity. It has a prevalence of around 10% in women between menarche and menopause. Common sites of endometriosis include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, bowel, and abdominal surgical scars. Risk factors include low parity, delayed childbearing, family history, and genetic factors related to cytokines and growth factors. Endometrial tissue can implant directly at sites through retrograde menstruation or develop somatically due to environmental mutations.

1. ENDOMETRIOSIS

2. DEFINITION
• Presence of functioning endometrium (gland
and stroma)in site other than uterine mucosa
is called endometriosis .
• It is not neoplastic condition , although
malignant transformation is possible .
• It is benign but it is locally invasive , cyclic
hormones stimulate growth but continue
hormone suppress it .

3. PREVALENCE
• The prevalence is about 10%of all women
between menarche and menopause
• The prevalence increase both in term of real
and apparent

4. SITE
• ABDOMINAL :- It can occur at any site but
mainly confined to the abdominal structure
below the level of umblicus.
• EXTRA –ABDOMINAL :- the common site are
abdominal scar of hysterotomy, CS, Episiotomy
scar , vagina and cervix.
• REMOTE :- umblicus , lungs , pleura, ureter ,
kidney ,arms , legs, nasal mucosa

6. RISK FACTOR
• Low parity
• Delayed child bearing
• Family history
• Genital tract obstruction
• Molecular defect
-cytokines - interlukin -1
- Tumor necrosis factor - vascular endothelial
-Estrogen growth factor
- Matrix metalloproteinase

11. • Direct implantation :-the endometiral tissues
start to grow in susceptible person when
implanted in new site like scar endometriosis .
• Environmental theory :-somatic mutation of
cell due to environmental factor . Ovarian
endometriosis

22. Bowel endometriosis

24. Umblical endometriosis

26. PERITONEAL