Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
Preterm labor is the labor that starts before the 37th completed week. In this presentation, we will discover causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, and management principles for preterm labor along with the most recent evidence.
In cases of Nulliparous prolapse or even patients deserving child bearing uterus preserving surgeries are done.
Recently even for prolapse if women want to preserve uterus for variety of reasons ,with newer minimally invasive methods it is now gaining popularity.Larger studies and longer followup is required.
Adherent placenta occurs when there is a defect in the decidua basalis, Resulting in an abnormal invasion of the placenta directly into the substance of the uterus
Blood loss of >/ 500 ml within 24 hours of vaginal birth or 1000 ml after caesarean section or any blood loss sufficient to compromise haemodynamic instability
MINOR PPH- 500- 1000ml blood loss
MAJOR PPH- > 1000ml Blood loss
MASSIVE PPH- >2000ml Blood loss
Preterm labor is the labor that starts before the 37th completed week. In this presentation, we will discover causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, and management principles for preterm labor along with the most recent evidence.
In cases of Nulliparous prolapse or even patients deserving child bearing uterus preserving surgeries are done.
Recently even for prolapse if women want to preserve uterus for variety of reasons ,with newer minimally invasive methods it is now gaining popularity.Larger studies and longer followup is required.
Adherent placenta occurs when there is a defect in the decidua basalis, Resulting in an abnormal invasion of the placenta directly into the substance of the uterus
Blood loss of >/ 500 ml within 24 hours of vaginal birth or 1000 ml after caesarean section or any blood loss sufficient to compromise haemodynamic instability
MINOR PPH- 500- 1000ml blood loss
MAJOR PPH- > 1000ml Blood loss
MASSIVE PPH- >2000ml Blood loss
While it is rare, women on dialysis have become pregnant. Of these pregnancies, about 20 percent will end in miscarriage. A full-term pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks; however, about 80 percent of dialysis pregnancies will only go about 32 weeks, resulting in a premature birth
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is common complication, seen in 1 out of every 5 pregnancies.Golden rule for management of MSAF is Foetal Heart Monitoring
Massive obstetric haemorrhage by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur...alka mukherjee
One of the most important causes of maternal mortality is major obstetric haemorrhage. Major haemorrhage can occur in parturients either during the antepartum period, during delivery, or in the postpartum period. Early recognition and a multidisciplinary team approach in the management are the cornerstones of improving the outcome of such cases. The management consists of fluid resuscitation, administration of blood and blood products, conservative measures such as uterine cavity tamponade and sutures, and finally hysterectomy. Blood transfusion strategies have changed over the last decade with emphasis on use of fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and fibrinogen. Point-of-care testing for treating coagulopathies promptly and interventional radiological procedures have further revolutionized the management of such cases.
Vaginal bleeding in placenta previa is classically painless and is usually seen in second or third trimester of pregnancy. Caesarean delivery is the procedure of choice in such cases with an increased risk of severe blood loss due to inadvertent incision through the placenta during surgery.
Abruptio placentae refers to the abnormal separation of the normally sited placenta; the bleeding occurs due to separation of the placental lining from the uterus. This bleeding may occur per vagina or may be concealed in the form of a retroplacental clot. Clinical features include abdominal pain, increased uterine tone, vaginal bleeding, and premature labor with signs of foetal distress. In case the bleeding is concealed, clinical presentation could be of haemorrhagic shock, acute renal failure, and foetal death.
Placenta accreta is a condition when the placenta is abnormally attached to the myometrium. Rarely blood vessels within the placenta or the umbilical cord traverse the foetal membranes overlying the lower uterine segment, and this condition is known as vasa previa.
One of the most devastating causes of APH is uterine rupture, and it is associated with a very high incidence of foetal and maternal mortality. Clinical features include abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, nonassuring foetal heart rate, and ultimately hypovolaemic shock, which could lead to maternal death. Maternal resuscitation along with emergency surgery is the only definitive treatment. Surgical procedures needed could vary from any of the following: foetal delivery with repair of the ruptured uterine wall, ligation of the uterine and internal iliac arteries, or hysterectomy.
This presentation has a complete description of Vulvo-Vaginal hematoma, its causes , clinical features and management strategy. Hematoma can happen in case of episiotomy given during childbirth
Case Report on Invasive Mole. Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) encom...Niranjan Chavan
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) encompasses a suite of rare but significant gynecological malignancies arising from aberrant placental trophoblast cells. As medical professionals and researchers, our comprehension of GTN's complexities is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This introduction serves to illuminate the key features, diagnostic procedures, and treatment protocols associated with GTN, helping to navigate the intricate landscape of this disease.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare form of heart failure that occurs during the last month of pregnancy or within the first five months postpartum. It presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its overlap with symptoms of normal pregnancy and postpartum changes. This condition varies in incidence across different racial groups and geographical locations, with a notable occurrence in the United States and southern India.
DR. NNC LAPAROSCOPY IN PREGNANCY IAGE VARANASI, 17TH MARCH 2024.pptxNiranjan Chavan
Our journey will navigate the evolution of laparoscopy in the context of pregnancy, detailing key milestones, breakthroughs, and advancements in technology and techniques. The presentation highlights how laparoscopy has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts and other gynecological disorders during pregnancy.
Optimising Delivery Of 1kg Fetus - Special Considerations.pptxNiranjan Chavan
After an uncomplicated vaginal birth in a health facility, healthy mothers and newborns should receive care in the facility for at least 24 hours after birth.
VACCINE IN WOMEN TOWARDS SDG 2030 DR.N N CHAVAN 10012024 AICOG HYDERABAD.pptxNiranjan Chavan
In our presentation today, we will unravel the transformative power of vaccines in women, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030. By exploring the pivotal role of vaccinations, we aim to elucidate how they contribute to women's health, empowerment, and overall well-being. Through this lens, we envision a future where widespread vaccine access propels us closer to achieving the SDGs and ensures a healthier, more equitable world for women globally.
RRRR IN OBSTETRIC HEMORRHAGE 09012024 AICOG 2024 HEYDERABAD.pptxNiranjan Chavan
This presentation focuses on a critical aspect of maternal care: "Reducing Maternal Mortality through Rapid Response in Obstetric Haemorrhage" (RRRR). As we navigate through this presentation, let us collectively work towards advancing our understanding and application of RRRR in obstetric care to safeguard the well-being of mothers during childbirth.
Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells and/OR their oxy...Niranjan Chavan
Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells and/OR their
oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet the body’s physiological needs.
HELLP syndrome is a pregnancy complication. It is a type of preeclampsia. It ...Niranjan Chavan
HELLP syndrome is a pregnancy complication. It is a type of preeclampsia. It usually occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. But it also can develop in the first week after childbirth
Guidelines & Identification of Early Sepsis DR. NN CHAVAN 02122023.pptxNiranjan Chavan
Here is a highly informative session on guidelines and identification of early sepsis as it is critical for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.
PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE IN OBGYN INFECTIONS 01102023.pptxNiranjan Chavan
Today, we face new infectious threats; but also benefit from advanced diagnostics and treatments. Looking ahead, it’s crucial to continue
adapting to emerging pathogens, implement stringent preventive measures, and
leverage cutting-edge technologies to ensure the safety and well-being of our patients in the ever-evolving landscape of obstetrics and gynecology.
Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial to protect both the mother and the developing baby. It helps prevent serious complications and ensures a healthier start in life. #VaccinateForTwo 🤰💉
Explore a comprehensive presentation on Invasive Cervical Carcinoma, shedding light on its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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2. Dr. Niranjan Chavan
MD, FCPS, DGO, DFP, MICOG, DICOG, FICOG
Professor and Unit Chief, L.T.M.M.C & L.T.M.G.H
Chairperson, FOGSI Oncology and TT Committee (2012-2014)
Treasurer, MOGS (2017- 2018)
Chair and Convener, FOGSI Cell- Violence against Doctors (2015-2016)
Chief Editor, AFG Times (2015-2017)
Editorial Board, European Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
Editor of FOGSI FOCUS, MOGS, AFG & IAGE Newsletters
Member, Managing Committee, IAGE (2013-2017)
Member , Oncology Committee, AOFOG (2013 -2015)
Recipient of 6 National & International Awards
Author of 15 Research Papers and 19 Scientific Chapters
Course Co-Ordinator, of 11 batches, of MUHS recognized Certificate Course of
Basic Infertility Management Including Endoscopy (BIMIE) at LTMGH
3. INTRODUCTION
• Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)
• World’s leading cause of maternal
mortality
• 1/3rd of all maternal deaths
worldwide PPH
• 60% of all maternal deaths in
developing countries
Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival, WHO, 2012
4. INTRODUCTION
• Majority of these deaths occur within 4
hours of delivery.
• A Practice Bulletin from the ACOG 2011,
places the estimate at 140,000 maternal
deaths per year or 1 woman every 4
minutes due to postpartum haemorrhage.
5. POST PARTUM HEMORRHAGE
• Blood loss
• Vaginal deliveries > 500mL (3-5%)
• Caesarean section deliveries >1000mL (5-
7%)
• For clinical purposes, any blood loss that has the
potential to produce hemodynamic compromise
should be considered a PPH.
6. TYPES OF PPH
• Primary (immediate) postpartum
haemorrhage
• Excessive bleeding that occurs within the
first 24 hours after delivery
• 70% due to uterine atony (failure of the
uterus to contract adequately after the
child is born)
7. TYPES OF PPH
• Secondary (late) postpartum haemorrhage
• Excessive bleeding occurring between 24
hours after delivery of the baby and 6 weeks
postpartum
• Due to retained products of conception, or
infection, or both combined.
11. ETIOLOGICAL CAUSE CLINICAL RISK FACTORS
ABNORMALITY OF
UTERINE
CONTRACTION (70%)
Over distended uterus Polydramnios
Multiple gestation
Macrosomia
Uterine muscle exhaustion Prolonged labor
Precipitate labour
High parity
Intra-amniotic infection Fever
Prolonged rupture of membranes
Functional or anatomic distortion
of the uterus
Fibroid uterus
Placenta previa or abruptio
Uterine anomalies
Distended bladder may prevent
contraction of the uterus
Uterine-relaxing medications Halogenated anaesthetics,
nitroglycerin, magnesium sulphate
12. ETIOLOGICAL CAUSE CLINICAL RISK FACTORS
RETAINED PRODUCTS OF
CONCEPTION (20%)
•Retained products
•Abnormal placentation
•Retained cotyledon or
succenturiate lobe
•Incomplete placenta at delivery
•Previous uterine surgery
•High parity
•Abnormal placenta on ultrasound
•Retained blood clots
•Atonic uterus
13. ETIOLOGICAL CAUSE CLINICAL RISK FACTORS
GENITAL TRACT TRAUMA (10%)
•Tears (lacerations) of the cervix,
vagina, or perineum
•Ruptured vulval varicosities
•Precipitous delivery
•Operative delivery
•Mistimed or inappropriate use of
episiotomy
•Extensions, lacerations at
caesarean section
•Malposition
•Deep engagement
•Uterine rupture •Previous uterine surgery
•Uterine inversion •High parity
•Fundal placenta
14. ETIOLOGICAL CAUSE CLINICAL RISK FACTORS
ABNORMALITIES OF
COAGULATION (<1%)
Pre-existing states
- haemophilia A
-von Willebrand‘s disease1
History of hereditary
coagulopathies
• History of liver disease
Acquired in pregnancy
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic
purpura2
- Thrombocytopenia with
preeclampsia
- Disseminated intravascular
coagulation
- Preeclampsia
- Dead foetus in utero
- Severe infection/sepsis
- Placental abruption
- Amniotic fluid embolus
•Bruising
•Elevated BP
•Elevated BP
•Foetal demise
•Fever
•Elevated white blood cells
•Antepartum hemorrhage
•Sudden collapse
Therapeutic anticoagulation History of thrombotic disease
17. IMMEDIATE RESUSCITATION
• The primary treatment of PPH is to control the source
of bleeding as soon as possible and to replace fluid.
• Maintain airway, breathing and circulation
• Large bore IV Line: Fluid replacement
• O2 Inhalation
• Crystalloid is the first fluid of choice for resuscitation.
Immediately administer 2 L of isotonic sodium chloride
solution or lactated Ringer’s solution in response to
shock from blood loss
• Blood transfusion
Crystalloids restore
volume in a 3:1 ratio
Colloids restore
volume in a 1:1 ratio
19. MANAGEMENT OF PPH
• External and internal bi-manual uterine massage
• Aortic compression
• Umbilical vein injection (injection of uterotonic into the
umbilical cord attached to the undelivered placenta)
• Manual exploration of the uterus and manual removal of the
placenta
• Repair of perineal trauma including repair of episiotomy
• Repair of cervical and high vaginal tears
21. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PPH
• Uterine compression sutures
• Systematic pelvic devascularization
• Uterine artery embolization
• Total or sub-total hysterectomy
22. SYSTEMATIC PELVIC DEVASCULARIZATION
• Uterine and utero-ovarian artery ligation followed
by internal iliac artery ligation.
• One of several uterus-conserving techniques.
• Relatively simple and effective procedure should
be taught during Obstetric and Gynaecologic
training.
23. UTERINE ARTERY LIGATION
• Expose the lower part of the broad ligament.
• Feel for pulsations of the uterine artery near the junction of the
uterus and cervix.
• Pass a needle loaded with Catgut No 1-0 around the artery and
through 2–3 cm of myometrium (uterine muscle) at the level
where a transverse lower uterine segment incision would be
made. Tie the suture securely.
• Place the sutures as close to the uterus as possible because the
ureter is generally only 1 cm lateral to the uterine artery.
• Repeat on the other side.
24. UTERINE ARTERY LIGATION
• 1ST Step in systematic pelvic
devascularisation.
• uterine arteries which provide
approximately 90% of uterine blood flow.
• Ligation of uterine arteries alone has
success rate of 80% in controlling PPH
26. UTERO OVARIAN ANASTOMOSIS
• If the artery has been torn, clamp and tie the bleeding ends.
• Ligate the utero-ovarian artery just below the point where the ovarian
suspensory ligament joins the uterus.
• Repeat on the other side.
• Observe for continued bleeding or formation of hematoma.
• Close the abdomen in layers.
27. INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY LIGATION
• Experiments in the 1960’s by Burchell,
ascertained that ligating the hypogastric
artery turned the pelvic circulation like a
venous system, thereby aiding clotting and
controlling PPH.
• It is effective in Uterine atony, midline
perforation, large broad ligament or lateral
pelvic wall haematoma, multiple cervical tears
and lower segment bleeding.
28. INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY LIGATION
• Bilateral ligation results in 85% reduction in
pulse pressure and 50% reduction in blood
flow in the arteries distal to the ligation.
• Internal iliac artery ligation also helps the
vaginal bleeding as the vagina is supplied by
the vaginal branch of internal iliac.
• The reported success rate of bilateral internal
iliac artery ligation varies widely from 42% to
93%.
31. AUTHORS YEAR METHOD NO. OF
WOMEN
SUCCESS RATES
Evans et al 1985 Internal iliac artery ligation 14 6/14 (42.8%)
Clark et al 1985 Bilateral hypogastric artery ligation 19 8/19 (42.1%)
Fahmy 1987 Uterine artery ligation 25 20/25 (80%)
Fernandez et al 1988 Internal iliac artery ligation 8 8/8 (100%)
Chattopadhyay et al 1990 Bilateral hypogastric aretry ligation 29 19/29 (65%)
AbdRabbo 1994 Step-wise uterine devascularisation 103 103/103 (100%)
Ledde et al 2001 Bilateral hypogastric artery ligation 48 43/48 (89.5%)
Hebisch et al 2002 Vaginal & uterine artery ligation 13 12/13 (92.3%)
Pennet et al 2004 Bilateral uterine artery ligation 5 2/5 (40%)
TOTAL 264 83.7%
32. CONCLUSION
• Blood loss is consistently underestimated.
• Underestimation may result in inadequate treatment
resulting in complications or death.
• Ongoing trickling can lead to significant blood loss.
• Anaemia and other underlying health conditions may
profoundly affect a woman‘s ability to tolerate any amount
of blood loss.
33. CONCLUSION
• Systematic pelvic devascularisation is an effective and uterus
conserving surgical method to control PPH.
• All health care providers providing maternity care require to
learn this life-saving skill to enable them to make a significant
contribution to reducing maternal deaths and to promote safe
motherhood.
34. REFERENCES
• Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival, WHO, 2012
• Lu M C, Fridman M, Korst L M. et al. Variations in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage
across hospitals in California. Matern Child Health J. 2005;9:297–306.
• Sivan E, Spira M, Achiron R, Rimon U, Golan G, Mazaki-Tovi S, et al. Prophylactic pelvic artery
catheterization and embolization in women with placenta accreta: can it prevent cesarean
hysterectomy? Am J Perinatol 2010;27:455–61
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