Abstract: Aim of this project is to remove the oily effluent from the waste water. Pollution has created lot of problems in industries. By removing the oil from waste water, it becomes free of oil pollutions. Oil skimmers are commonly found in three types: weir, oleophilic and non-oleophilic. Oleophilic skimmers are distinguished not by their operation but by the component used to collect the oil (rope, disk, belt or drum). It can remove even a thin floating film of oil from the water. This is mainly due to the “oleophilic material” used in the belt. A free floating endless belt oil skimmer was developed as means of recovering spilled oil from surface water. The skimmer utilizes a unique high efficiency belt which is driven by motor. By removing oil we can preprocess water for other use. This can avoid water wastage and control pollution due to oil spillage. In current world scenario most of the oil from the industries goes wasted into ponds, rivers and sea. So, national and international environmental norms are getting strict day by day. It is economical to manufacture a low cost machine to meet these norms.
The document discusses fluid power symbols used in hydraulic and pneumatic diagrams. It describes common symbol groups like circles, rectangles, diamonds and their meanings. Circles generally represent devices that deliver or use fluid. Rectangles and squares direct and control fluid flow. Diamonds condition fluid through heating, cooling or filtering. Common symbols shown include pumps, motors, valves, cylinders, filters and other components. Valve symbols are classified by the number of ports and positions. Direction arrows indicate fluid flow.
Directional control valves (DCVs) determine the path of fluid flow in hydraulic systems. There are several types of DCVs classified by fluid path, design characteristics, control method, and construction of internal moving parts. DCVs include check valves, shuttle valves, two-way valves, three-way valves, and four-way valves. DCVs can be actuated manually, mechanically, with a solenoid, or with a pilot signal. The simplest DCV is a check valve, which allows uni-directional flow. A poppet check valve uses a spring-loaded poppet to control flow direction, while a pilot-operated check valve uses a pilot signal to control flow in the
The document discusses the hydraulic lubrication system of a SAG mill. It provides definitions and discusses the importance of lubrication in reducing friction and wear between moving parts. It describes the various components of the lubrication system including the motor, gearbox, trunnion bearings and pinion bearings. It also summarizes data collected from the lubrication system from April 9-12, 2013 including temperatures, pressures, and oil flows. The document concludes with recommendations to improve the oil storage room and lubrication system room such as widening the areas, improving cleanliness, drainage, and enclosing rooms.
1. Screw pumps are positive displacement rotary pumps that consist of three intermeshing helical screws housed inside a chamber with an inlet and outlet.
2. As the driver rotates, it causes packets of trapped liquid between the screws' threads to move axially through the chamber from the inlet to the outlet in a continuous stream.
3. Screw pumps have good efficiency between 80-85%, can handle flow rates of 10-1500 liters/minute, have high suction capability, and are self-priming, reliable, and used widely in machinery lubrication and fuel transport.
Presentations about Oil & Gas separators, fundamentals and how they work in the industry developed by Hector Nguema having Petroskills course as a reference
The document is a 54 page report authored by Gopalakrishnan.K of Vadakkinedath, Kerala dated October 30th, 2022. It discusses rotating equipment over 54 pages, with each page focusing on a different aspect or component of rotating equipment. The report provides detailed information and analysis of rotating equipment.
The document discusses fluid power symbols used in hydraulic and pneumatic diagrams. It describes common symbol groups like circles, rectangles, diamonds and their meanings. Circles generally represent devices that deliver or use fluid. Rectangles and squares direct and control fluid flow. Diamonds condition fluid through heating, cooling or filtering. Common symbols shown include pumps, motors, valves, cylinders, filters and other components. Valve symbols are classified by the number of ports and positions. Direction arrows indicate fluid flow.
Directional control valves (DCVs) determine the path of fluid flow in hydraulic systems. There are several types of DCVs classified by fluid path, design characteristics, control method, and construction of internal moving parts. DCVs include check valves, shuttle valves, two-way valves, three-way valves, and four-way valves. DCVs can be actuated manually, mechanically, with a solenoid, or with a pilot signal. The simplest DCV is a check valve, which allows uni-directional flow. A poppet check valve uses a spring-loaded poppet to control flow direction, while a pilot-operated check valve uses a pilot signal to control flow in the
The document discusses the hydraulic lubrication system of a SAG mill. It provides definitions and discusses the importance of lubrication in reducing friction and wear between moving parts. It describes the various components of the lubrication system including the motor, gearbox, trunnion bearings and pinion bearings. It also summarizes data collected from the lubrication system from April 9-12, 2013 including temperatures, pressures, and oil flows. The document concludes with recommendations to improve the oil storage room and lubrication system room such as widening the areas, improving cleanliness, drainage, and enclosing rooms.
1. Screw pumps are positive displacement rotary pumps that consist of three intermeshing helical screws housed inside a chamber with an inlet and outlet.
2. As the driver rotates, it causes packets of trapped liquid between the screws' threads to move axially through the chamber from the inlet to the outlet in a continuous stream.
3. Screw pumps have good efficiency between 80-85%, can handle flow rates of 10-1500 liters/minute, have high suction capability, and are self-priming, reliable, and used widely in machinery lubrication and fuel transport.
Presentations about Oil & Gas separators, fundamentals and how they work in the industry developed by Hector Nguema having Petroskills course as a reference
The document is a 54 page report authored by Gopalakrishnan.K of Vadakkinedath, Kerala dated October 30th, 2022. It discusses rotating equipment over 54 pages, with each page focusing on a different aspect or component of rotating equipment. The report provides detailed information and analysis of rotating equipment.
This document summarizes the different types of mechanical seals. It begins by introducing mechanical seals, packings, and gaskets which are used to prevent fluid leakage and foreign material penetration. Seals are selected based on factors like pressure, temperature, medium, environment, and shaft speed. Seals are classified as either static or dynamic. Static seals include gaskets, direct contact seals, and sealants. Dynamic seals include those used on rotating shafts like interfacial and interstitial seals, and those used on reciprocating shafts like packings, diaphragms, and rings. The document describes examples of different seal types and concludes with factors that influence the leakage rate of mechanical shaft seals.
This document provides troubleshooting guidance for common air compressor issues. It lists various problems air compressors may experience such as failing to operate, excessive noise, knocking, insufficient pressure, oil consumption issues and more. For each problem, it identifies potential causes and recommended solutions to resolve the issue. The document serves as an informative guide for technicians to diagnose and repair air compressor faults.
This document presents a process for recycling used lubricating oil through four stages: dehydration, solvent extraction, solvent stripping, and vacuum distillation. It evaluates technologies for pre-treating and finishing recycled oil. Several industrial re-refining projects in Saudi Arabia are discussed, along with their capacities and treatment methods. Material and energy balances are performed to analyze the recycling process and design a 5 ton/day plant.
A valve is a component of the piping network. It is a mechanical device, controlling or modifying the flow and pressure within a pipeline that convey liquids and gases. A valve stops, allows, control and modifies flow of a fluid media.
This is complete description of Hydraulic Accessories used consisting
1.Hydraulic Reservoir or tank- construction, mountings, Design
2.Heaters & coolers- Types
3.Sealing- introduction, classification, each type with diagram, materials, seal selection factors,
4.Piping- intro, sizing of pipe, Pipe Schedules, Threads, Fittings, materials, connectors,
5. Hoses- materials, selection criteria,
6. Accumulators- types, information of each type with diagram,
7. Hydraulic fluids- properties, types
8. Filters- types, specifications, materials
I hope you find this useful.
please comment if have any questions and like this.
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPSNamitha M R
The document discusses maintenance and troubleshooting of centrifugal pumps. It covers routine maintenance such as performance monitoring, alignment checks, and lubrication. Overhaul maintenance includes cleaning and replacing worn components like impellers, shafts, wearing rings and shaft sleeves. Troubleshooting addresses issues like insufficient or no water delivery, overloading of motors, and excessive vibration or heating, which could be due to problems like air leaks, worn parts, or improper speed. Proper maintenance and timely repairs are important to ensure efficient and reliable operation of centrifugal pumps.
This document discusses the stabilization and destabilization of crude oil emulsions. It describes the types of emulsions as oil-in-water and water-in-oil. Stabilization is achieved through surfactants, polymers, particles, and liquid crystals that form interfacial films or provide steric stabilization on oil or water droplets. Destabilization breaks the interfacial films through processes like flocculation, coalescence, and sedimentation. Crude oil emulsions are stabilized by asphaltenes, resins and wax that form interfacial films or increase viscosity. Destabilization methods include heating, adding demulsifiers, and applying electric fields to break interfacial films and promote water drop
This document discusses mechanical seals which are used to prevent leakage in pumps and other equipment. It describes the need for seals to minimize leakage and prevent toxic fluids from escaping. Both static seals, used between non-moving parts, and dynamic seals, used between moving parts, are covered. Common static seals include gaskets and O-rings, while dynamic seals include gland packings and mechanical contact seals. The document focuses on mechanical seals, explaining their design features such as seal faces, springs, and secondary seals. Different types are classified including single versus multiple spring seals, pusher versus non-pusher seals, and single versus double/tandem arrangements. Materials of construction and operating principles are also summarized.
Lubricant analysis is a key component of condition monitoring programs. It involves analyzing lubricant samples to monitor both lubricant condition and the condition of equipment. Key tests include particle counting to detect wear debris, spectroscopy to identify contaminants and wear metals, and ferrography to determine wear particle sizes, shapes, and causes of wear. Together, these tests provide early detection of equipment issues before failure occurs.
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure on a liquid using a reciprocating piston or rotating components. Dynamic pumps use centrifugal force to generate high rotational velocities and convert the kinetic energy of liquids into pressure energy. Common positive displacement pump types include piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Common dynamic pump types include centrifugal pumps which contain an impeller and casing. Proper consideration of factors like net positive suction head are important for pump selection and operation.
Mechanical seals are used to prevent leakage between a rotating pump shaft and casing. They have two flat surfaces, one rotating with the shaft and one stationary. Proper selection of seal type, materials, and cooling method is important for long seal life. The main types are single or multi-spring seals, bellow seals, and seals that are balanced or unbalanced. Factors like pressure, temperature, fluid properties, and available space must be considered.
Gear pumps use meshing gears to pump fluids through displacement. There are two main types: external gear pumps which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use one external and one internal spur gear. Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that pump a constant volume of fluid per revolution. External gear pumps are commonly used for lubrication and fuel transfer and internal gear pumps can handle high viscosity fluids like asphalt or chocolate. Both have advantages like precision and constant output, but also limitations like fixed flow rates and moderate pressure ranges.
Grease is a thickened lubricant that remains in contact with moving surfaces. It is formulated from a base oil thickened with a soap, clay, or polymer. Grease properties depend on the base oil viscosity and consistency grade determined by penetration testing. Additives provide oxidation resistance, extreme pressure properties, anti-wear performance, and other characteristics. Standard tests evaluate grease properties like dropping point, oil separation, load carrying capacity, and resistance to water and corrosion. Proper grease selection depends on application parameters like temperature, speed, and load.
Mechanical seals fail for two basic reasons: component damage or faces opening up. To analyze failures, one must carefully examine all components, the equipment, and application. There are various types of seals that differ in design and how they are balanced or unbalanced. Environmental controls like temperature regulation, fluid quality, and impurities removal can also affect seal life.
The study of hydraulics deals with system operated with hydraulic oil media to impart power or to control power.
• Hydraulicpoweristhepowerthatistransmittedbypressurizedoil.
• It may be used to power machines or to control or to regulate machines.
Mechanical seals are key components in centrifugal pumps that prevent fluid from leaking out of the pump casing. They consist of two faces, one stationary and one rotating, located between the impeller and rear casing. Pumps in harsh environments require more abrasion-resistant seals than regular pumps. Mechanical seals reduce leakage compared to gland packings, saving power. Proper flushing plans are needed to lubricate, cool, and clean the seal while removing particles to minimize abrasion and extend seal life. Common operational and maintenance errors that reduce seal life include dry running, suction choking, foreign materials, improper flushing plans, misalignment, stuffing box issues, and failed bearings.
This presentation discusses lubricants, including their composition, properties, functions, and different types. Lubricants are substances that reduce friction between surfaces. They typically contain 90% base oil and less than 10% additives. Additives can improve properties like oxidation resistance. Lubrication reduces wear, friction, heat, noise, and corrosion. Different lubrication methods include oil cans, grease packing, and circulation systems. Lubricant types include solid, semi-solid, liquid, synthetic, animal, vegetable, and mineral oils. Properties like viscosity, stability, volatility, and thermal stability were also covered.
IRJET- Review on Analysis of Oil SkimmerIRJET Journal
This document reviews oil skimmers and their belt materials. It discusses how oil spills from shipping accidents and industrial activities pollute the ocean and environment. Oil skimmers are important tools used to remove spilled oil. The performance of skimmers depends on the type and material of the belt used. The document analyzes different belt materials and past research on their oil removal effectiveness. It describes the construction, working principle, and methodology of testing an oil skimmer that uses a nylon-fiber belt. Testing found polyurethane belts removed the most oil per day, making them useful for efficient oil cleanup. The review concludes polyurethane belt skimmers are effective and suitable where low noise is required.
1) Oil spills have caused significant harm to ecological life in areas where spills have occurred. The document proposes an oil skimmer drone to help clean up oil spills.
2) The proposed oil skimmer drone would use a nylon belt to separate oil from water based on differences in density and surface tension. As the belt rotates at the surface of the water, oil would stick to the belt and be collected while water passes through.
3) Calculations were performed to analyze factors like float buoyancy, belt tensions, and the expected volume of oil recovered per minute of operation. Testing showed nylon fabric can effectively absorb oil while maintaining separation from water. The oil skimmer drone could recover over
This document summarizes the different types of mechanical seals. It begins by introducing mechanical seals, packings, and gaskets which are used to prevent fluid leakage and foreign material penetration. Seals are selected based on factors like pressure, temperature, medium, environment, and shaft speed. Seals are classified as either static or dynamic. Static seals include gaskets, direct contact seals, and sealants. Dynamic seals include those used on rotating shafts like interfacial and interstitial seals, and those used on reciprocating shafts like packings, diaphragms, and rings. The document describes examples of different seal types and concludes with factors that influence the leakage rate of mechanical shaft seals.
This document provides troubleshooting guidance for common air compressor issues. It lists various problems air compressors may experience such as failing to operate, excessive noise, knocking, insufficient pressure, oil consumption issues and more. For each problem, it identifies potential causes and recommended solutions to resolve the issue. The document serves as an informative guide for technicians to diagnose and repair air compressor faults.
This document presents a process for recycling used lubricating oil through four stages: dehydration, solvent extraction, solvent stripping, and vacuum distillation. It evaluates technologies for pre-treating and finishing recycled oil. Several industrial re-refining projects in Saudi Arabia are discussed, along with their capacities and treatment methods. Material and energy balances are performed to analyze the recycling process and design a 5 ton/day plant.
A valve is a component of the piping network. It is a mechanical device, controlling or modifying the flow and pressure within a pipeline that convey liquids and gases. A valve stops, allows, control and modifies flow of a fluid media.
This is complete description of Hydraulic Accessories used consisting
1.Hydraulic Reservoir or tank- construction, mountings, Design
2.Heaters & coolers- Types
3.Sealing- introduction, classification, each type with diagram, materials, seal selection factors,
4.Piping- intro, sizing of pipe, Pipe Schedules, Threads, Fittings, materials, connectors,
5. Hoses- materials, selection criteria,
6. Accumulators- types, information of each type with diagram,
7. Hydraulic fluids- properties, types
8. Filters- types, specifications, materials
I hope you find this useful.
please comment if have any questions and like this.
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPSNamitha M R
The document discusses maintenance and troubleshooting of centrifugal pumps. It covers routine maintenance such as performance monitoring, alignment checks, and lubrication. Overhaul maintenance includes cleaning and replacing worn components like impellers, shafts, wearing rings and shaft sleeves. Troubleshooting addresses issues like insufficient or no water delivery, overloading of motors, and excessive vibration or heating, which could be due to problems like air leaks, worn parts, or improper speed. Proper maintenance and timely repairs are important to ensure efficient and reliable operation of centrifugal pumps.
This document discusses the stabilization and destabilization of crude oil emulsions. It describes the types of emulsions as oil-in-water and water-in-oil. Stabilization is achieved through surfactants, polymers, particles, and liquid crystals that form interfacial films or provide steric stabilization on oil or water droplets. Destabilization breaks the interfacial films through processes like flocculation, coalescence, and sedimentation. Crude oil emulsions are stabilized by asphaltenes, resins and wax that form interfacial films or increase viscosity. Destabilization methods include heating, adding demulsifiers, and applying electric fields to break interfacial films and promote water drop
This document discusses mechanical seals which are used to prevent leakage in pumps and other equipment. It describes the need for seals to minimize leakage and prevent toxic fluids from escaping. Both static seals, used between non-moving parts, and dynamic seals, used between moving parts, are covered. Common static seals include gaskets and O-rings, while dynamic seals include gland packings and mechanical contact seals. The document focuses on mechanical seals, explaining their design features such as seal faces, springs, and secondary seals. Different types are classified including single versus multiple spring seals, pusher versus non-pusher seals, and single versus double/tandem arrangements. Materials of construction and operating principles are also summarized.
Lubricant analysis is a key component of condition monitoring programs. It involves analyzing lubricant samples to monitor both lubricant condition and the condition of equipment. Key tests include particle counting to detect wear debris, spectroscopy to identify contaminants and wear metals, and ferrography to determine wear particle sizes, shapes, and causes of wear. Together, these tests provide early detection of equipment issues before failure occurs.
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure on a liquid using a reciprocating piston or rotating components. Dynamic pumps use centrifugal force to generate high rotational velocities and convert the kinetic energy of liquids into pressure energy. Common positive displacement pump types include piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Common dynamic pump types include centrifugal pumps which contain an impeller and casing. Proper consideration of factors like net positive suction head are important for pump selection and operation.
Mechanical seals are used to prevent leakage between a rotating pump shaft and casing. They have two flat surfaces, one rotating with the shaft and one stationary. Proper selection of seal type, materials, and cooling method is important for long seal life. The main types are single or multi-spring seals, bellow seals, and seals that are balanced or unbalanced. Factors like pressure, temperature, fluid properties, and available space must be considered.
Gear pumps use meshing gears to pump fluids through displacement. There are two main types: external gear pumps which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use one external and one internal spur gear. Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that pump a constant volume of fluid per revolution. External gear pumps are commonly used for lubrication and fuel transfer and internal gear pumps can handle high viscosity fluids like asphalt or chocolate. Both have advantages like precision and constant output, but also limitations like fixed flow rates and moderate pressure ranges.
Grease is a thickened lubricant that remains in contact with moving surfaces. It is formulated from a base oil thickened with a soap, clay, or polymer. Grease properties depend on the base oil viscosity and consistency grade determined by penetration testing. Additives provide oxidation resistance, extreme pressure properties, anti-wear performance, and other characteristics. Standard tests evaluate grease properties like dropping point, oil separation, load carrying capacity, and resistance to water and corrosion. Proper grease selection depends on application parameters like temperature, speed, and load.
Mechanical seals fail for two basic reasons: component damage or faces opening up. To analyze failures, one must carefully examine all components, the equipment, and application. There are various types of seals that differ in design and how they are balanced or unbalanced. Environmental controls like temperature regulation, fluid quality, and impurities removal can also affect seal life.
The study of hydraulics deals with system operated with hydraulic oil media to impart power or to control power.
• Hydraulicpoweristhepowerthatistransmittedbypressurizedoil.
• It may be used to power machines or to control or to regulate machines.
Mechanical seals are key components in centrifugal pumps that prevent fluid from leaking out of the pump casing. They consist of two faces, one stationary and one rotating, located between the impeller and rear casing. Pumps in harsh environments require more abrasion-resistant seals than regular pumps. Mechanical seals reduce leakage compared to gland packings, saving power. Proper flushing plans are needed to lubricate, cool, and clean the seal while removing particles to minimize abrasion and extend seal life. Common operational and maintenance errors that reduce seal life include dry running, suction choking, foreign materials, improper flushing plans, misalignment, stuffing box issues, and failed bearings.
This presentation discusses lubricants, including their composition, properties, functions, and different types. Lubricants are substances that reduce friction between surfaces. They typically contain 90% base oil and less than 10% additives. Additives can improve properties like oxidation resistance. Lubrication reduces wear, friction, heat, noise, and corrosion. Different lubrication methods include oil cans, grease packing, and circulation systems. Lubricant types include solid, semi-solid, liquid, synthetic, animal, vegetable, and mineral oils. Properties like viscosity, stability, volatility, and thermal stability were also covered.
IRJET- Review on Analysis of Oil SkimmerIRJET Journal
This document reviews oil skimmers and their belt materials. It discusses how oil spills from shipping accidents and industrial activities pollute the ocean and environment. Oil skimmers are important tools used to remove spilled oil. The performance of skimmers depends on the type and material of the belt used. The document analyzes different belt materials and past research on their oil removal effectiveness. It describes the construction, working principle, and methodology of testing an oil skimmer that uses a nylon-fiber belt. Testing found polyurethane belts removed the most oil per day, making them useful for efficient oil cleanup. The review concludes polyurethane belt skimmers are effective and suitable where low noise is required.
1) Oil spills have caused significant harm to ecological life in areas where spills have occurred. The document proposes an oil skimmer drone to help clean up oil spills.
2) The proposed oil skimmer drone would use a nylon belt to separate oil from water based on differences in density and surface tension. As the belt rotates at the surface of the water, oil would stick to the belt and be collected while water passes through.
3) Calculations were performed to analyze factors like float buoyancy, belt tensions, and the expected volume of oil recovered per minute of operation. Testing showed nylon fabric can effectively absorb oil while maintaining separation from water. The oil skimmer drone could recover over
IRJET - Removal of Oil Spillage in Marine Environment using Grooved Type Cyli...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of an oil skimmer with a grooved cylindrical drum to improve oil recovery efficiency. It discusses how existing skimmer designs have low recovery rates and outlines the key parameters for an efficient skimmer. The proposed design uses a polypropylene drum with U-shaped grooves to maximize surface area and enable nearly 100% of adhered oil to be removed. Testing of a fabricated prototype in an oil/water tank demonstrated it could effectively recover oil and control slick thickness. Analysis showed recovery efficiency increased with drum rotation speed up to a point and higher groove depth allowed more oil collection.
Oil Remover from sea water , Oil Separator from water Chirag Koladiya
This document describes an oil removal device for removing oil from sea water. It discusses how oil spills from tankers damage marine wildlife and ecosystems. It then presents a proposed model that uses an aluminum sheet attached to a boat and rotated by a propeller to collect oil from the water's surface into a storage tank. Diagrams of the 2D and 3D technical designs are included, along with a list of the device's main components and their specifications.
IRJET-Study on Flexural Behaviour of Polymer Modified Ferrocement Beam ElementsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of an oil skimmer drone to address the problem of oil spills. Oil spills can have significant environmental impacts and cleaning them up effectively is important. The proposed oil skimmer drone uses a nylon belt rotated by a motor and gear system to separate oil from water based on differences in density and viscosity. Calculations are provided on topics like float balance, belt tensions, and recovery rate. Testing showed the nylon material was effective at absorbing oil and the drone design was capable of recovering over 90% of spilled oil. The oil skimmer drone provides an improved way to remediate oil spills and minimize environmental damage.
The document describes the design and development of a floating oil skimmer with remote control. It aims to improve the separation efficiency of oil from water to reduce pollution. The skimmer uses a polyurethane belt attached to pulleys that rotates through the water, absorbing oil on its surface. Nylon scrapers then scrape the oil off into a collection tank. The design aims to efficiently remove oil spills with a compact, inexpensive and self-operating mechanism.
These days, oil contamination is the most significant issue that have an perilous impact on marine life as well as on environment. Results of oil slick catastrophes from conduit mishaps, the oilrig, and the demonstrations of wanton vandalism normally influenced so genuinely the planet earth, water animals, plants, life of different creatures, and people in quite a while. Numerous Environmentalists went over huge and troublesome difficulties while acquiring oil slicks or oil sprinkle and finding a substitute arrangements having minimal effort. There are various kinds of answer for his, of which plate type oil skimmer is the simple one. This is since it is anything but difficult to work and amazingly high effectiveness of around 70 80 . The idea of utilizing this circle type oil recuperation framework to confront the emergency of oil slick is a productive and successful probability. It has huge number of points of interest over Chemical or Wipe attractions strategies which are being utilized these days for wiping the water surface from oil. Additionally by utilizing sun oriented vitality makes it exceptionally successful, affordable and condition well disposed. Likewise, the framework can be completely programmed which can control itself or can be managed by remote control. This spares heaps of labor also, henceforth diminishes the cost of activity. The basic circle skimmer component is henceforth could be changed over into such an viable weapon against the worldwide emergency of the oil slick. Naveen Kumar | Shivendra Singh | Kumar Adhish | Gaurav Singh | Mayank Yadav | Sachin Kishore "Oil Spill and Methods to Recover: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30935.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30935/oil-spill-and-methods-to-recover-a-review/naveen-kumar
2 ijaems sept-2015-2-experimental investigation of waste transformer oil as a...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper reports on the Waste transformer oil fuel is blended with diesel fuel in different percentage and the effects of their operational characteristics and performance and emission characteristics of the DI diesel engine. In this study, the tested fuels were obtained through catalytic cracking process. Experimental results showed that the flash points and cetane number of the WTO blended diesel have increased with higher concentration of WTO. Based on the experimental results, HC, CO and NOx emissions noticeably decrease, while smoke emissions dramatically increase with increasing the dosing level of WTO. At the full load, the magnitude of HC, CO and NOx emissions for the neat diesel was 120 ppm, 0.36 (%by volume) and 1130ppm, whereas it was 68 ppm, 0.17 (%by volume) and 410ppm for the WTO20 fuel, respectively. The results also showed a significant enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate due to the influence of the WTO20 in diesel blend.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining clean lubrication systems to prevent equipment failure and save costs. It notes that particle contamination as small as 10 microns can significantly increase wear on components like bearings and piston rings. Proper oil filtration and monitoring are key to controlling contamination levels and avoiding premature and expensive repairs. The document advocates adopting reliability engineering practices like predictive maintenance and fluid analysis to maximize equipment lifespan while minimizing total cost of ownership.
This document discusses using centrifugal oil cleaners to improve energy efficiency in industrial applications. It begins by introducing the problem of increasing contamination of lubricating oils in industrial machinery from wear particles and soot, which reduces efficiency. It then describes how centrifugal oil cleaners work by spinning oil at high speeds to remove contaminants down to micron sizes. The document evaluates centrifugal oil cleaners in applications like diesel engines, aluminum wire drawing, and quenching oil systems. It finds that centrifugal filtration extends oil life, reduces maintenance costs, and improves surface finish, power usage, and component wear. Overall, centrifugal oil cleaning is presented as an effective technique for improving energy conservation in industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) The document discusses methods for cleaning up oil spills, including booms and skimmers. Booms are used to contain spilled oil and direct it, while skimmers are devices that remove oil from water surfaces.
2) There are different types of booms and skimmers. Booms include fence, round, and inflatable booms. Skimmers include weir, oleophilic, and non-oleophilic skimmers.
3) Proper oil spill cleanup depends on factors like oil type, water temperature, and shoreline. The document reviews how booms and different skimmer types work to help address oil spills.
Kleenoil Bypass Filtration System PresentationJason Lazaroff
The Kleenoil Bypass Filter System is a bypass oil filtration system that passes only a small portion of the total oil flow through a very dense filter cartridge at about 2 to 3 quarts per minute. At this speed, it is possible to remove particles down to 1 micron (3 absolute) and remove 99.95% of all water, greatly decreasing engine wear and prolonging oil life. Kleenoil can eliminate water and particle contamination, extend oil life up to 5 times and hydraulic oil up to 10 times, reduce engine wear and component wear, dramatically reduce downtime, remove particles down to 1 micron (3 absolute), and is applicable to engines as well as hydraulic systems.
Design and Fabrication of Paper Bailing MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and fabrication of a paper baling machine. It discusses the need to compress scrap materials like paper, plastic and cotton waste into compact bales to reduce storage space and make transportation easier. It describes the working principle of hydraulic presses based on Pascal's law. The document then provides detailed calculations for the design of key components of a 5-ton hydraulic press like the hydraulic cylinder, motor required, thickness of parts etc. Finally, it includes drawings of the designed parts and assemblies of the paper baling machine along with conclusions on the advantages of the optimized design.
Optimization of Rod String Design for the Sucker Rod Pumping System in Mann O...ijtsrd
This research aimed to present properly rod string design and to prevent rod failures in sucker rod pumping wells. The great majority of the world`s oil wells need some kinds of artificial lift methods to produce the oil to the surface. Sucker rod string should be properly designed to provide failure free pumping operation for an extended period of time. Rod string design usually aims at the determination of 1 the rod sizes to be used in the string, 2 the length of individual taper sections and 3 the rod material to be used and 4 the maximum allowable stress for rod string. If improper design of sucker rod string is employed and the working or actual stress is greater than the permissible stress, the rod string will be in premature rod failure. Detail calculations are performed with a proper consideration of actual well conditions by using geological configuration and the historical production data from Mann oil Field in Myanmar. In this research paper, some theories of the West's method, Neely's method and Equal Service Factor method are used to design by using of the well data to install the proper design and improve the production rate. San Win "Optimization of Rod String Design for the Sucker Rod Pumping System in Mann Oil Field" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27883.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/27883/optimization-of-rod-string-design-for-the-sucker-rod-pumping-system-in-mann-oil-field/san-win
This document describes a project report submitted by 4 students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report details the design of an oil extractor that collects oil from sea water using magnetic discs. It aims to save expensive oil and protect marine life from oil pollution. The report includes sections on the design considerations, calculations, materials required and future applications of the device.
Design and Development of Valve Lapping MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a valve lapping machine. Valve lapping is an important process in internal combustion engine maintenance that is currently done manually using tools like lapping sticks, which are inefficient and time-consuming. The authors developed a mechanical valve lapping machine to automate the process and reduce human involvement. The machine employs two automated motions to replace the manual motions used in traditional lapping. This is expected to improve efficiency by reducing the time taken for valve lapping compared to existing manual methods. The goal of the project was to design an efficient and effective machine for automating the valve lapping process in internal combustion engine maintenance.
Productivity improvement is a key issue in today's mining industry. Here are some key solutions to unlocking the millions of dollars lost in conveyor 'downtime'
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
1. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (95-100), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 95
Paper Publications
Endless Belt Type Oil Skimmer
1
Tushar Pathare, 2
Mauli Zagade, 3
Rohan Pawar, 4
Priteshkumar Patil, 5
Prof. A.S. Patil
Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu School of Engineering And Research, Pune, India
Abstract: Aim of this project is to remove the oily effluent from the waste water. Pollution has created lot of
problems in industries. By removing the oil from waste water, it becomes free of oil pollutions. Oil skimmers are
commonly found in three types: weir, oleophilic and non-oleophilic. Oleophilic skimmers are distinguished not by
their operation but by the component used to collect the oil (rope, disk, belt or drum). It can remove even a thin
floating film of oil from the water. This is mainly due to the “oleophilic material” used in the belt. A free floating
endless belt oil skimmer was developed as means of recovering spilled oil from surface water. The skimmer utilizes
a unique high efficiency belt which is driven by motor. By removing oil we can preprocess water for other use. This
can avoid water wastage and control pollution due to oil spillage. In current world scenario most of the oil from the
industries goes wasted into ponds, rivers and sea. So, national and international environmental norms are getting
strict day by day. It is economical to manufacture a low cost machine to meet these norms.
Keywords: Oil Recovery, Oil Pollution, Oleophilic Skimmer, Operational Planning.
I. INTRODUCTION
Oil is one of the most important energy and raw material source for synthetic polymer and chemicals worldwide. As long
as oil is explored, transportred , stored and used their will be the risk of a spillage. Oil pollution , particularly of sea and
navigable water, has exited more public concerned than other water or spilt materials. Oil pollution of the sea has steadily
increased with the increase in oil comsumption.The bulk this in flux is due to transportation related activities spill from
tanker loading and unloading operations, pipeline rupture which may be due to industrial waste as leakage from engines,
incorrect operations of valves and discharge of oily wastages. Oil pollution of the shore in addition to the reduction of
amenity, also affects marine, shore life and vegetation. Crude oil consist of different hyadrocarbon that range from light
gas to heavy solids. When oil is spilled on water, the physical and chemical properties of oil change progressively. Spilled
oil has an undesirable taste and odour and causes sever environment damage on water fall, material life and affects
tourism economy.
The pollution increasing various sectors of the world, eg.
i. The increasing industrial activities using petroleum as a primary source of energy.
ii. The high consumption in the western countries. ie- Europe and US
iii. The increase in marine transportation of oil and other hazardous materials.
Thus various processes have been developed to remove oil from contaminated area by use of booms, dispersants and
skimmers, oil water separator or by use of different kinds of sorbent material. It is an efficient belt-skimmer which is
handy and portable. It is useful for small oil waste tanks in which it catches the oil floating on the surface of the tank. It is
a small machine which helps to solve the problem of oil pollution for small scale industries.
II. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
World has witnessed big oil spillage accidents into ocean and made huge impact to the environment. Apart this,
sometimes Oil is getting spillage through being the results of chronic and careless habits in the use of oil industries and oil
2. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (95-100), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 96
Paper Publications
products. It is estimated that approximately 706 million gallons of waste oil enters the ocean every year; whereas more
than half of that sourced from land drainage and waste disposal.
Offshore drilling & production operations and spills or leaks from ships or tankers are typically contributing less than 8%
of the total whereas routine maintenance of ships (nearly 20%), onshore air pollution & hydrocarbon particles (about
13%) and natural seepage from the sea floor (over 8%). This has caused ever lasting damage to aquatic life. To separate
the mixed oil from the water, industries wide various type of oil skimmers are getting used. Herewith, the objective of this
project is to design and conduct efficiency studies of belt type oil skimmer by using various materialed belts. The belts
absorb the oil from water which can be scooped out and collect into a vessel by providing piping arrangements. The
collected oil can be reused for many purposes.
III. COMPONENTS
A. Motor:
DC42 series motors are Dc motors (outsourced) that are used in combination with some Mechtex gearheads. Depending
on the application, output speed, load applied etc the type of gear head can be selected. Case hardened steel gears are used
due to the high torque generated by these motors. First pair of gears can be helical to damp the noise. All bearings arec
permanently lubricated and therefore require no maintenance.
A) Motor
B. Gear Box:
Gear box is mounted on motor shaft for reduction in speed of motor. one end of gear box shaft is attached to motor shaft
and other end is attached to the coupling. From all the calculation done it is seen that the required torque is 5.7324 N-m
with weight of 1 Kg. The whole assembly of the motor with gear box is mounted in the molded box. It reduces speed from
2400 to 30 rpm by using four stage reduction gear box. In this four stage the first stage is helical gear because the speed
reduction is maximum so compare to other gear it is effective. And other three stages are the spur gear.
B) Gear Box
3. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (95-100), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 97
Paper Publications
C. Belt:
It is made up of polymer material. It is endless type which has width of 154 mm. The material is so selected to stick oil to
belt. It is mounted on the aluminum pulley. Length of open belt is 1800 mm. It is immersed in liquid up to 100 mm. Belt
material has good oil removal rate and it can withstand high temperature up to 180 F hence we have selected polyurethane
belt. Tension to the belt is given by lower pulley with dead weight.
C) Belt
IV. WORKING PRINCIPAL
Specific gravity:
Most hydrocarbons have a lower specific gravity than water. Without agitation, oil separates from the water and floats to
the surface. These oils are known as LNAPL’s, Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid. Oils (and other compounds) that sink
in water have a higher specific gravity and are known as DNAPL’s, Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid.
D) Cad diagram of actual working
4. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (95-100), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 98
Paper Publications
Surface tension and affinity:
Normally, oil bonds more tightly to itself and other materials than to water. This affinity and differences in surface tension
between oil and water, cause oils to adhere to a skimming medium.
The basic principle of oil skimmer is that when oil absorbing material is moved in the contaminated water then it will
attract oil in water and it will be further removed with the help of suitable means.
In belt type oil skimmer the belt of polymer material is used.
As belt rotates at 30 rpm which is driven by motor through gear box in contaminated water, oil sticks to belt and
moves up with belt.
The oil is then removed with the help of thin scrapper which is made up of sheet metal of thickness 2 mm.
Scrapper is mounted on tray at 45° angle in inclined position for smooth flow of oil over it.
Removed oil is then collected in the container which is placed near to the setup.
This oil is then used for further process.
Design Calculations:
Design of Gearbox [ Final Stage]
G4 [Gear Ratio] = 5
Assume Zp [ No. of teeth on pinion] = 10
b= 10 m, mm
Tooth system= 200
full depth involutes
G4= Zg/Zp; Zg=50;
Np/Ng = Zg/Zp; 150/Ng = 50/10
Ng = 30 rpm.
dp = 10m, mm
Levis form factor –
Yp = 0.1975 Yg = 0.4084
As material is same hence pinion is weaker than gear because Levis form factor is lesser for pinion
Fb = bending strength of tooth
= δ b × b × m × Yp
Fb = 381.83 m2
, N
Fw =Wear strength of tooth
= (dp × b × Q × K)
= 426.496m2
, N
As Fw > Fb so, design the pinion on bending.
Feff = Ka Km Ft
Kv
= 1×1.2 × (239.6/m)
3/(3+0.0785m)
5. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (95-100), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 99
Paper Publications
Fb = FS × Feff
619.44m
2
= FS × 1×1.2 × (239.6/m)
3/(3+0.0785m)
m [Module] = 1.051mm
Pulley Diameter = 50 mm
Belt Width = 154 mm
T2 = 146.98 N ..(Tension at Slack side)
T1 = 376.27 N …(Tension at tight side)
Design of Pulley Shaft
Me = (π/32) × σallo × d3
d = 13.58 mm
= 20 mm
Bearing selected 6204.
V. EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS
i. Four wheeler transmission oil has high viscosity of 90 Ns/m2 hence it requires less time for oil removal.
ii. Engine oil has viscosity of 30 Ns/m2 hence it requires more time than four wheeler transmission oil.
iii. Pamolein oil has less viscosity than others hence requires more time than others
As viscosity increases time for oil removal decreases.
VI. FUTURE SCOPE
Speed of the belt cannot vary so it is to be improved by providing multispeed arrangement.Scrapper plate arrangement
may be improved. Oil resisting belt can be fitted to improve life and strength of belt. Solar panel can be attached to run
the DC motor so improving the energy efficiency. The belt slips slightly on the drum due to the collection of the oil.
Water drops are collected simultaneously with oil and this is to be reduced for better performance.Stirrer mechanism can
be used to improve oil removal rate.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
250 500 750 1000
TIMEINMIN
OIL QUANTITY IN ML
PAMOLEIN OIL
ENGINE OIL
FOUR WHEELER
TRANSMISSION OIL
6. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (95-100), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 100
Paper Publications
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our privilege to express deep gratitude to everyone who has rendered valuable help in presenting this project work.
First and foremost, we take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our guide Prof. A.S.Patil. for whom we
have great amount of respect and admiration. He has not only afforded us the opportunity to work on this topic but also
provided valuable guidance and support throughout our time as a student in Mechanical Engineering Department, Rajarshi
Shahu School of Engineering and Research, Narhe, Pune. His enthusiasm, interest and inspiration, was a constant source
of motivation for our encouragement. We are greatly thanking him for sparing his precious time, help and patience in the
betterment of our dissertation work.
We are sincerely thankful to Dr. D. V. Yadav, Director and Dr. M.L.Kulkarni, Head of Mechanical Engineering
Department, for their kind guidance and support which helped us in completing this task.
REFERENCES
[1] M.Husseien; A.Amer, A.Ei Maghoraby, N.A. Toha,” Availability of barley straw application on oil spill clean up”
Int. J.Environ, Sci.Tech, 6(1), 123-130, winter 2009.
[2] V.Broje, A.Keller “ Improved mechanical oil spill recovery using an optimized Geometry for skimmer surface”
Donald Brenschool of Environment and Management, University of California 93106-5131
[3] M.Patel, “Design and efficiency of various belt type oil skimmers,” International Journal of Science and Research.
2319-7036
[4] N.Ventikes, E.Vergetis, N. Psarafits, G. Triantafyylloy, “ A high level synthesis of oil spill response equipment ant
countermeasures” Journal of Hazardous materials 107(2004)51-58.
[5] P.Grills, F.Linde, “ oil skimming” Bussiness potential and Strategic options facing a marginalized Bussiness
segments at Sandvik process systems.
[6] “ A Free Floating Endless Belt type oil skimmer”, Journal of United States Environmental Protection Agency Aug-
1972.
[7] R.S.Khurmi, J.K.Gupta, “Machine Design”.
[8] V.B.Bhandari, “Design of Machine Elements”.