This document discusses using centrifugal oil cleaners to improve energy efficiency in industrial applications. It begins by introducing the problem of increasing contamination of lubricating oils in industrial machinery from wear particles and soot, which reduces efficiency. It then describes how centrifugal oil cleaners work by spinning oil at high speeds to remove contaminants down to micron sizes. The document evaluates centrifugal oil cleaners in applications like diesel engines, aluminum wire drawing, and quenching oil systems. It finds that centrifugal filtration extends oil life, reduces maintenance costs, and improves surface finish, power usage, and component wear. Overall, centrifugal oil cleaning is presented as an effective technique for improving energy conservation in industry.
Project thesis Refining of used motor oil using Solvent ExtractionSyed Waqas Haider
It is thesis of my final year project at the completion of my BE Chemical Engineering Degree
Project Title: Refining Of Used Motor Oil
Technique Used: Solvent Extraction technique was used for refining
Analytical Method: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
Used and Waste Recycling Plant by Arslan Enginery Ltd.Arbaaz Malik
Used / Waste Oil Recycling with no clay with new WFE & Solvent Extraction Technology which 100% safe for environment give optimal production and quality base oil.
Project thesis Refining of used motor oil using Solvent ExtractionSyed Waqas Haider
It is thesis of my final year project at the completion of my BE Chemical Engineering Degree
Project Title: Refining Of Used Motor Oil
Technique Used: Solvent Extraction technique was used for refining
Analytical Method: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
Used and Waste Recycling Plant by Arslan Enginery Ltd.Arbaaz Malik
Used / Waste Oil Recycling with no clay with new WFE & Solvent Extraction Technology which 100% safe for environment give optimal production and quality base oil.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Si...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is
necessary and a need of the hour. simarouba oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a
high potential to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of simarouba oil cannot
be done, as its viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics.
The simarouba oil is esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in
different proportions. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion
temperature in diesel engines has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature
can increase the efficiency of the engine, decrease. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success
in diesel engine applications because of various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical
properties of the coating materials. Although, the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the
application of ceramic coatings can be as high as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of
650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case
of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here
the effort has been made to determine the performance and emission characteristics of SOME blend
with diesel in conventional engine and LHR engine
Jatropha oil with exhaust heat recovery system 2-3-4-jatropha oil with exhaus...Mehul Joshie
The jatropha oil is used
in a Field Marshal make four stroke, single cylinder and water cooled diesel engine. Engine
performance (specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas
temperature were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine
running on Jatropha curcas oil. Output of the engine is almost similar to diesel fuelled engine,
however fuel consumption rate in case of Jatropha oil was more compared to diesel.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
An Experimental and Analytical Study of Emission Characteristics of a Diesel ...IJRES Journal
The engine emission characteristics of B100 Cotton Seed Oil biodiesel (Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester) and fossil diesel are presented. The engine tests are conducted on a Four Stroke Tangentially Vertical (TV1) single cylinder Kirloskar 1500 rpm water cooled direct injection diesel engine with eddy current dynamometer at nozzle opening pressure 230 bar maintained with different Static Injection Timings of 22o, 23o, 24obTDC throughout the experiment under steady state conditions at full load condition. From the test results, it could be observed that the Static Injection Timing of 22obTDC gives optimum lower emissions in each category of O2 (% by volume), CO2 (% by volume), CO (% by volume), Smoke Density (HSU), HC (ppm) and NOx (ppm). The research finding shows that Static Ignition Timing of 22o gives lowest emissions for both Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester and fossil diesel to operate diesel locomotives without any modification in existing diesel engine.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Si...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is
necessary and a need of the hour. simarouba oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a
high potential to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of simarouba oil cannot
be done, as its viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics.
The simarouba oil is esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in
different proportions. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion
temperature in diesel engines has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature
can increase the efficiency of the engine, decrease. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success
in diesel engine applications because of various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical
properties of the coating materials. Although, the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the
application of ceramic coatings can be as high as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of
650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case
of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here
the effort has been made to determine the performance and emission characteristics of SOME blend
with diesel in conventional engine and LHR engine
Jatropha oil with exhaust heat recovery system 2-3-4-jatropha oil with exhaus...Mehul Joshie
The jatropha oil is used
in a Field Marshal make four stroke, single cylinder and water cooled diesel engine. Engine
performance (specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas
temperature were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine
running on Jatropha curcas oil. Output of the engine is almost similar to diesel fuelled engine,
however fuel consumption rate in case of Jatropha oil was more compared to diesel.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
An Experimental and Analytical Study of Emission Characteristics of a Diesel ...IJRES Journal
The engine emission characteristics of B100 Cotton Seed Oil biodiesel (Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester) and fossil diesel are presented. The engine tests are conducted on a Four Stroke Tangentially Vertical (TV1) single cylinder Kirloskar 1500 rpm water cooled direct injection diesel engine with eddy current dynamometer at nozzle opening pressure 230 bar maintained with different Static Injection Timings of 22o, 23o, 24obTDC throughout the experiment under steady state conditions at full load condition. From the test results, it could be observed that the Static Injection Timing of 22obTDC gives optimum lower emissions in each category of O2 (% by volume), CO2 (% by volume), CO (% by volume), Smoke Density (HSU), HC (ppm) and NOx (ppm). The research finding shows that Static Ignition Timing of 22o gives lowest emissions for both Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester and fossil diesel to operate diesel locomotives without any modification in existing diesel engine.
Jeżeli szukasz miejsca, gdzie możesz dowiedzieć się o tym jak zacząć wydawać mniej w AWS, to jesteś w dobrym miejscu. 10 prostych kroków, aby zacząć patrzeć na koszta w AWS z innego punktu widzenia.
Prezentacja ta jest na poziomie podstawowym. Bardziej zaawansowane taktyki dotyczące oszczędności w AWS pojawią się na SliedShare po prezetnacjach w 2015 roku.
2 ijaems sept-2015-2-experimental investigation of waste transformer oil as a...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper reports on the Waste transformer oil fuel is blended with diesel fuel in different percentage and the effects of their operational characteristics and performance and emission characteristics of the DI diesel engine. In this study, the tested fuels were obtained through catalytic cracking process. Experimental results showed that the flash points and cetane number of the WTO blended diesel have increased with higher concentration of WTO. Based on the experimental results, HC, CO and NOx emissions noticeably decrease, while smoke emissions dramatically increase with increasing the dosing level of WTO. At the full load, the magnitude of HC, CO and NOx emissions for the neat diesel was 120 ppm, 0.36 (%by volume) and 1130ppm, whereas it was 68 ppm, 0.17 (%by volume) and 410ppm for the WTO20 fuel, respectively. The results also showed a significant enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate due to the influence of the WTO20 in diesel blend.
Experimental investigation of performance and combustion characteristics on a...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this study, for the first time, a nanoceramic Al2O3 was used as a coating material in the low heat rejection engine concept. Experiments were conducted on single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, and direct injection diesel engine. First, the engine was tested at different load conditions without coating. Then, combustion chamber surfaces cylinder head, cylinder liner, valves, and piston crown face were coated with nanoceramic material of Al2O3 using plasma spray method. Comparative evaluation on performance and combustion characteristics using diesel, multi-blend biodiesel and its blends was studied in the ceramic coated and uncoated engines under the same running conditions. An increase in engine power, brake thermal efficiency and a decrease in specific fuel consumption were observed in the ceramic coated engine compared to that of normal engine. Keywords: Multi-blend biodiesel, low heat rejection engine
Emission characteristics of a diesel engine using soyabean oil and diesel blendseSAT Journals
Abstract Diesel engines have been playing a vital role in the transportation and power generation sectors since from its invention. Despite of having better efficiency with diesel engine, the main concern is on emission of pollutants. There are various methods to reduce pollutant emission from a diesel engine. The prominent way to reduce pollutants is the usages of bio fuels with some modifications in the diesel engine. Diesel engine simulation models can be used to understand the combustion performance, prediction of emission concentration. These models can reduce the number of experiments. In this study, the performance and emissions characteristics of single cylinder, four stroke, and direct injection diesel engine operating on diesel and soybean blends have been investigated theoretically. The variations of various species concentration like CO2,CO and NOx with equivalence ratio have been analysed using diesel engine simulation models. These models can reduce the number of experiments. Computer simulation has contributed enormously towards new evaluation in the field of internal combustion engines. Mathematical tools have become very popular in recent years owing to the continuously increasing improvement in computational power. Index terms: Emissions, Bio fuels, Simulation Models
Emission characteristics of a diesel engine using soyabean oil and diesel blendseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Experimental investigations on air cooled diesel engine using rubber seed bio...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Experiments were conducted on a Kirloskar make, air cooled diesel engine using rubber seed biodiesel and its blends with diesel
(10%, 20%, and 30% by volume) as a substitute fuel to petro- diesel. The load was applied in the range 0 to 100% (0, 25%, 50%,
75% and 100%) in steps of 25% of maximum load at an injection pressure of 200 bar and injection timing of 230 of crank angle
before top dead centre. The performance parameters (BP, BTE and BSFC), pollutants (CO, HC, CO2, NOx and smoke opacity)
and combustion characteristics (cylinder pressure rise and heat release rate for every degree of crank angle) were measured for
pure biodiesel and its blends. The results obtained were compared with petro-diesel. Among the fuels tested, 10% blend of rubber
seed biodiesel showed a better performance in terms of increased Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and decreased Brake Specific
Fuel Consumption (BSFC). Significant reductions in pollutants (except NOx) were observed for pure rubber seed biodiesel and its
blends at all power outputs as compared to petro-diesel. Combustion features of rubber seed biodiesel and its blends were similar
to petro-diesel operation.
Key words: Biodiesel, Blends, Injection Pressure, Performance, Emissions, Combustion Characteristics
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
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91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
Hw3613811385
1. Dr. Anjali Acharya et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1381-1385
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
Energy Conservation through Centrifugal Oil Cleaning System in
Industrial Applications
Dr. Anjali Acharya*, Vasudha Ashutosh Gokhale**
*(Department of Chemistry, Institute For Excellence in Higher Education Bhopal- 17
** (B.N. College of Architecture, Pune University, India.
ABSTRACT
In India the industrial sector has the largest share of energy consumption accounting for about 47.6 percent of the
total commercial energy consumption in the country in 2007-08. Present paper focuses on the energy savings
potential in this sector with use of efficient lube oil cleaning. As the complexity of the machinery increases, the
requirements for lubricants and metal process oils become more stringent. This paper deals with energy
conservation by installing centrifugal oil cleaners for lubricating oil in industrial applications. The paper studies
different industrial applications to identify potential for energy conservation and cost savings. Details how the
physic-chemical characteristics of industrial application with reference to reduced efficiency . How such
problems can be solved with innovative filtration techniques are presented. It discusses the concept of centrifugal
filtration procedures to highlight its merits and demerits. It is stressed that centrifugal oil filtration system will
conserve resources and help to preserve the environment.
Keywords – Centrifugal, Filter, engines, lube-oil, India.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Global oil production would hit the highest
point and begin its inevitable decline within a decade
of the year 2000 as per Petroleum geologists.
Furthermore, no renewable energy systems have the
potential to generate more than a fraction of the power
now being generated by fossil fuels [1]. Obviously oil
cannot be used forever; it will eventually be used up.
In the meantime, oil companies are carrying out
research into new energy supplies and ways of saving
energy. It is essential to improve the efficiency with
the usage of natural resources, and develop renewable
alternatives wherever possible to protect the resources
on which the current and future generations depend
[2]. Non-renewable or finite resources such as fossil
fuels, minerals and metals can be used more
efficiently.
There are three main types of fossil fuels,
coal, oil and natural gas. Lubricating oil is the lifeblood of a diesel engine. Clean oil is essential if an
engine is to operate efficiently throughout its working
life. Many of the key objectives in modern engine
design are directly related to the condition of the
lubricating oil. In response to changes in economic
and environmental circumstances, conservation of
engine lubricating oil is becoming increasingly
important. Savings are being realized through
reductions in oil consumption and the implementation
of extended oil drain periods.
As a result, modern oils must work harder,
resist degradation for longer periods and must retain
greater volumes of total insoluble. Therefore, changes
in both oil chemistry and filtration technology are
required to meet these needs.
www.ijera.com
II.
INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS
All moving parts on machinery and
equipment require lubrication [3]. Although
lubrication may be provided by dry materials such as
Teflon or graphite, which are used in parts such as
small electrical motor bearings, oils and greases are
the most commonly used lubricants. As the
complexity of the machinery increases, the
requirements for lubricants and metal process oils
become more stringent. Lubricating oils now range
from clear, very thin oils used to lubricate delicate
instruments, to thick, tar-like oils used on large gears
such as those which turn steel mills. Oils with very
specific requirements are used both in the hydraulic
systems and to lubricate large computer-operated
machine tools such as those used in the aerospace
industry to produce parts with extremely close
tolerances. Synthetic oils, fluids and greases, and
blends of synthetic and petroleum-based oils, are used
where extended lubricant life is desired, such as
sealed-for-life electric motors, where the increased
time between oil changes offsets the difference in
cost; where extended temperature and pressure ranges
exist, such as in aerospace applications; or where it is
difficult and expensive to re-apply the lubricant.
III.
CONTAMINATION OF LUBE OIL
Presence of contaminant in engine lube oil
adversely affects its efficiency, increasing engine wear
(fig.1).
1381 | P a g e
2. Dr. Anjali Acharya et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1381-1385
EFFECT OF CONTAMINANT SIZE ON DIESEL ENGINE WEAR
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 To 5
5 To 10
10 To 15
10 To 20
Abrasive size ingreased to Bearings & Rings
in Microns
Figure 1. of contaminant in engine lube oil
The primary effect of new generation diesel
engine design features, such as exhaust gas recirculation (E.G.R.), is to reduce harmful exhaust
emissions. The secondary effect of this is to increase
the amount of contaminant, especially soot, finding its
way into the lubricating oil. Engine designers regard
soot reduction as one of their key objectives to meet
future targets for reduced exhaust emissions, extended
service intervals and increased engine durability To
comply with these future requirements, improved
methods of maintaining lube oil cleanliness are of
great
importance.
Centrifugal
sedimentation
technology can provide a solution for this problem. A
centrifugal oil cleaning system based on this concept
can be fitted on original equipments, which have the
ability to remove large amounts of harmful fine soot
from lube oil and to store it for eco-friendly disposal
(fig 2).
CONSTITUENT PARTS OF CENTRIFUGED DIRT
NON CUMBUSTIBLE
MATERIAL
19 % OF TOTAL
OIL AND WATER 25 %
CARBON (SOOT) 56%
OF TOTAL
OF TOTAL
CARBON (SOOT) 56% OF TOTAL
OIL AND WATER 25 % OF TOTAL
NON CUMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL 19 % OF TOTAL
Figure 2. Dirt in Lubricating Oils
IV.
to reaching the final design. CFD made it possible to
evaluate the same number of designs in less than three
months with minimal prototype fabrication.
Inside the Centrifuge a twin jet rotor,
powered only by engine oil pressure, rotates at speeds
up to 6000 rpm. Forces 2000 times greater than
gravity are created to literally force dirt and
contaminants out of engine oil. Hard and sharp
abrasive metallic particles are removed down to one
tenth of a micron size.
Plus the rest of the dirt, which causes parts to
wear and oil to deteriorate. Engines last longer. Far
fewer lube oils drains and full-flow filter changes are
needed. Maintenance costs go down. And you get the
finest oil cleaning system in the world; a true
centrifuge. Because element filters depend on rags or
paper fibers for their cleaning action, they can channel
though or block completely and leave your engine
unprotected. The rotor never contains anything but the
dirt it removes from the oil. Centrifugal cleaning
action begins immediately and never stops. It keeps
your oil clean - even after taking out up to five times
of the dirt as an ordinary by-pass element filter. Oil
additives last longer too.
V.
CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION.
Centrifuges have been used as bypass
filtration devices to remove contaminants from engine
lube oil for several decades [4]. This principle of
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was use several
years ago to identify inefficiencies in traditional
designs and develop a new design that would provide
cleaner oil and reduced engine wear. Using the
traditional approach of building machined or stereo
lithography prototypes and evaluating them on a test
bench would have taken several years to go through
the 40 or so configurations that were simulated prior
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APPLICATION
Wide variety of applications and markets,
including: heavy-, medium-, and light-duty trucks;
industrial equipment for construction, mining,
agriculture,
marine,
and
power
generation
applications. Increasingly stringent environmental
requirements, coupled with increasing engine power
density and customer expectations for long service
intervals, are causing diesel engine lube oil to come
under ever increasing chemical, thermal, and particle
mass loads. With improvements in oil formulations
and full-flow filtration technology reaching maturity,
engine manufacturers are increasingly looking towards
bypass centrifuges to reduce their oil particulate loads
and improve engine life. A bypass centrifuge diverts a
small percentage of oil pump output and cleans that oil
to a higher level than the full-flow filter, before
returning it directly back to the sump. These types of
bypass systems are sometimes referred to as "kidney
loops". Traditional centrifuges use a rotor that is
typically driven in rotation by a free-jet Hero-turbine
at speeds from 4,000 to 10,000 rpm. A centrifuge can
remove very fine particles as shown the fig. 3.
A TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SIZES OF
PARTICLES COLLECTED BY A CENTRIFUGE
3
NUMBER OF PARTICLES ( MILLIONS)
Total Relative Wear Rate
4
3.5
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2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5 TO 1
1 To 2
2 To 4
PARTICLE SIZE IN MICRON
4 To 5
MORE THAN 5
Figure 3. Dirt removing capacity
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VI.
BENEFIT
A centrifugal filter effectively removes soot
and all wear metallic contaminant particles. It reduce
critical component wear Lowering the cost of
ownership, extend time for overhaul. The use of
centrifuge results in the reduction of service costs
using an off-line system with high capacity. Besides it
reduce down-time Control increased oil contaminant
effectively Controlling TBN, TAN, Oil viscosity.
There are numerous other benefits like:
Maintain oil cleanliness for longer periods of time
Extend oil drain intervals beyond expectations
Reduce oil consumption and top-ups.
Extend existing filtration system life.
Have a cleanable, environmentally friendly waste
disposal system.
Reducing oil and filter consumption cuts waste
disposal costs.
Test results demonstrates its utility in the
reduction of engine wear as shown in fig 4.
2 FULL FLOW + BY-PASS FILTER TESTING
Without Centrifuge
AVERAGE WEIGHT LOSS IN MILLIGRAMS
200
180
160
140
With Centrifuge
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Base Line Base Line + By-Pass
Dust
Filter "A" +
Dust
bearings
Rings
By-Pass
Mack
Filter "B" + Centrifugal
Dust
+ Dust
Total Wear
. Figure 4. Filter test results.
VII.
ALUMINIUM WIRE DRAWING
PROCESS
Wire drawing is a metalworking process used
to reduce the diameter of a wire by pulling the wire
through a single, or series of, drawing die(s) [5]. The
engineering applications of wire drawing are broad
and far-reaching, including electrical wiring, cables,
tension-loaded structural components, springs, paper
clips and spokes for wheels. Traditionally, aluminum
wires are drawn with oil. Especially in rod breakdown
processes relatively high-viscous oils have been the
state of the art for a long time [6]. The use of such oils
leads, however, to a contamination of machines and
surroundings; since filtration of the used oil is possible
to a limited extent only, processing residues and oil
will stick on the wire
The Wire Drawing Process generates very
high amount of metal sludge, which leads to an
increased viscosity of oil and hence reduced die life. It
result in choking of oil passages. The wires drawn not
only have poor surface finish but the process also
consume more power . Because of increased oil
temperature the high viscosity oil sticks to the wire
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being drawn, increasing oil losses. In this whole
process the life of the oil is substantially reduced and
it requires frequent replacement. Besides in causes
increased Wear & Tear of pumps. Centrifugal oil
cleaner removes metallic sludge, minimizing these
problems
VIII.
QUENCHING OIL
Quenching oil and heat treatment fluids are
designed for rapid or controlled cooling of steel or
other metals as part of a hardening, tempering or other
heat-treating process [7].Quench oil serves two
primary functions. It facilitates hardening of steel by
controlling heat transfer during quenching, and it
enhances wetting of steel during quenching to
minimize the formation of undesirable thermal and
transformational gradients which may lead to
increased distortion and cracking.
Oil has a major advantage over water due to its higher
boiling range. A typical oil has a boiling range
between 450ºF (230ºC) and 900ºF (480ºC). This
causes the slower convective cooling stage to start
sooner, enabling the release of transformation stresses
which is the major problem with rapid water cooling.
Oil is, therefore, able to quench intricate shapes and
high-harden ability alloys successfully. During
quenching, the oil becomes contaminated with scales,
soot & degradation products, which interfere with the
performance of the oil and may result in
unsatisfactory, surface appearance or lower physical
properties. Removal of these contaminants by
filtration or centrifuging is necessary to restore the oil
to a satisfactory condition for trouble free quenching
and good product quality [8]. When selecting
quenching oils, industrial buyers will need to consider
the chemistry, properties, and features of the fluid that
are needed for the application.
Straight oils are non-emulsifiable products used in
machining operations in an undiluted form. They are
composed of base mineral or petroleum oils, and often
contain polar lubricants like fats, vegetable oils, and
esters, as well as extreme pressure additives such as
chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus. Straight oils provide
the best lubrication and the poorest cooling
characteristics among quenching fluids. They are also
generally the most economical.
Water soluble and emulsion fluids are highly diluted
oils, also known as high-water content fluids (HWCF).
Soluble oil fluids form an emulsion when mixed with
water. The concentrate consists of a base mineral oil
and emulsifiers to help produce a stable emulsion.
These fluids are used in a diluted form with
concentrations ranging from 3% to 10%, and provide
good lubrication and heat transfer performance. They
are used widely in industry and are the least expensive
among all quenching fluids.
Water-soluble fluids are used as water-oil
emulsions or oil-water emulsions. Water-in-oil
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4. Dr. Anjali Acharya et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1381-1385
emulsions have a continuous phase of oil, and superior
lubricating and friction reduction qualities (i.e. metal
forming and drawing). Oil-water emulsions consist of
droplets of oil in a continuous water phase and have
better cooling characteristics (i.e. metal cutting
fluids and grinding coolants).
Synthetic or semi-synthetic fluids or greases are
based on synthetic compounds like silicone,
polyglycol, esters, diesters,chloro fluorocarbons
(CFCs),and mixtures of synthetic fluids and water.
Synthetic fluids tend to have the highest fire resistance
and cost. They contain no petroleum or mineral oil
base, but are instead formulated from organic and
inorganic alkaline compounds with additives for
corrosion inhibition. Synthetic fluids are generally
used in a diluted form with concentrations ranging
from 3% to 10%. They often provide the best cooling
performance among all heat treatment fluids. Some
synthetics, such as phosphate esters, react or dissolve
paint, pipe thread compounds, and electrical
insulation. Semi-synthetic fluids are essentially a
combination of synthetic and soluble petroleum or
mineral oil fluids. The characteristics, cost, and heat
transfer performance of semi-synthetic fluids fall
between those of synthetic and soluble oil fluids.
Micro-dispersion oils contain a dispersion of solid
lubricant particles , graphite, and molybdenum
disulfide or boron nitride in a mineral, petroleum, or
synthetic oil base. Teflon® is a registered trademark
of DuPont.
Cleanliness of the oil is an important issue, and it must
be free of particulate materials such as carbon, sludge,
and water. Carbon is formed after evaporation and
fractionation under conditions of insufficient oxygen
or is introduced by processes such as carburization.
Oil breakdown on the part surface may occur if
sufficient quenching agitation is not provided.
IX.
GRINDING / HONING
Honing is often the last finishing in
processing component manufacturing. The honing
process is done to obtain a desired finish or close
dimensional tolerance. This can be done by a precision
abrasion process wherein several amounts of material
are removed from the surface. The operation generates
very large quantity of contamination which includes
grinding wheel dust and metal particles. Centrifugal
Oil Cleaning System removes contamination from oil
which helps in improving grinding finish and
increases grinding wheel life. Grinding wheel dressing
frequency is also substantially reduces improving
productivity
X.
FURNACE OIL
Furnace oil is a Dark, viscous residual fuel
oil which is obtained by blending residual products
from various refining processes with suitable diluents
usually middle distillates to obtain the required fuel oil
grades. It is one of the cheapest fuels available for
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industrial use. It is a by-product of petroleum
refineries. Typically it has a calorific value as 10000
cal/gm. The furnaces which are used mainly for
heating or pre-heating a large quantity of metal, are
the main users of furnace oil.
Furnace oil contains sludge & impurities which causes
deposition in nozzles & burners and subsequently
frequent cleaning of burners is required. Because of
chocked burners the spray pattern gets distorted which
results into inefficiency in heat-generation. In this
operation furnace oil-consumption increases. The
burning of impurities causes excess smoke which
results into environmental and pollution issues.
Centrifugal Oil Cleaner Operates on the Reaction
Turbine Principle. Oil Enters the centrifuge Under
Pressure and flows to the rotor thru hollow shaft. The
Oil Pressure and flow is converted in rotational energy
as the oil escapes through the jets, producing speed up
to 6000 RPM.. The resultant centrifugal force removes
dirt from the oil depositing it on the Inner wall of rotor
in a dense cake form. Clean oil drains back by gravity
to the oil tank
XI.
CONCLUSION
Energy conservation in industrial sector has
become a major topic with a wide range of products,
technologies, and services being promoted to save
energy in industrial and process plants that can be
overwhelming. Industries in India use technologies,
including sophisticated optimization to increase the
energy efficiency of plants and processes, which can
be complex and expensive. There is a need for submetering energy use, energy dashboards, and
benchmarking that are useful tools and are being
recommended as a first step in the present context.
Industries should look into energy conservation from
various perspectives and take every possible measure.
In addition to the main processes operation and
maintenance also affect energy consumption. This can
be monitored and subsequent energy saving as well as
economic benefits can be achieved. Use of centrifugal
oil cleaning system has been found efficient in most of
the industrial applications. Such systems and
technologies should be promoted for not only for
savings in cost but also to reduce energy consumption
to achieve a sustainable future. .
REFERENCES
[1]
R.W. Bentley, Global oil & gas depletion :an
overview, Energy Policy 30 , 2002, 1-3.
[2]
C.J. Campbell, The status of world oil
depletion at the end of 1995. Energy
Exploration and Exploitation 14 (1), 1996,
63–81.
[3]
Kenneth Bannister, Lubrication for Industry,
Industrial Press, Inc.2001, 12-14
[4]
A. N. Denisenko, Extraction of additives by
centrifugal oil cleaners, Chemistry and
Technology of Fuels and Oils, Volume 49, ,
Springer US, 2013, 419-420.
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5. Dr. Anjali Acharya et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1381-1385
[5]
[6]
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He S., Van Bael A., Li S.Y., Van Houtte P.,
Mei F., Sarban A., Mater. Sci and
engineering A 346,2003, p.101- 107.
Roger N. Wrigh, Wire Technology: Process
Engineering and Metallurgy, Technology &
Engineering, Elsevier, 2010, 24-25.
D.A. Wachter, , G.E. Totten, and G.M.
Webster, Quenchant Fundamentals: Quench
Oil
Bath
Maintenance,
www.getottenassociates.com, accessed on
12th August 2013.
Daniel H. Herring, A Review of Factors
Affecting Distortion in Quenching," Heat
Treating Progress Magazine, December
2002.
www.oilmax.com.
www.autowin.com
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