The document discusses the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in India. It provides background on the origins of EMS starting in the US in 1928. It outlines key details of the EMS system in India such as the national emergency number 108. The document also reviews legal protections for EMS responders under Indian law and standard procedures for responding to and securing incident scenes. These procedures include assessing the scene, reporting critical information, establishing danger zones, and proper vehicle staging to protect responders.

1. THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES ( EMS )
AND THE INCIDENT
ANUP SINGH,DC,NDRF ACADEMY
1Tuesday, July 25, 2017

2. OBJECTIVES
UPON COMPLETION OF THIS LECTURE
YOU WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND;
• Basics knowledge of EMS system in
India
• The incident
ANUP SINGH,DC,NDRF ACADEMY 2Tuesday, July 25, 2017

3. HISTORY OF EMS
• Started in America in 1928. This service started by
American army officers
• The name of first ambulance was a Buick hearse
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4. U.S.A Dial Number 911
Europe Dial Number 112
England Dial Number 999
India Dial Number 108
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EMS NUMBERS

5. Emergency Medical Services System
(EMS )
• A network of resources linked together for the
purpose of providing emergency care and transport
to victims of sudden illness or injury
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6. 1 - 0 - 8
• 108 (Emergency telephone (usually
pronounced "ONE-ZERO-EIGHT") is a free
telephone number for emergency services to
call in the India
• It is currently operational in 20 states and
two union territories (DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI and DAMAN & DIU.)
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7. PROPOSED NEW HELPLINE NUMBER
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8. LEGAL PROTECTION
SECTION 92 IN THE INDIAN PENAL CODE
1. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.
2. Nothing is an offence by reason of any harm which it may
cause to a person for whose benefit it is done in good faith,
even without that person’s consent
3. If the circumstances are such that it is impossible for that
person to signify consent, or if that person is incapable of
giving consent, and has no guardian or other person in lawful
charge of him from whom it is possible to obtain consent in
time for the thing to be done with benefit:Tuesday, July 25, 2017 8ANUP SINGH,DC,NDRF ACADEMY

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12. INFORMATION TO OBTAIN
• Location/address of the incident
• Identify the origin of the call
• Incident type
• Victims
• Actions taken
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13. TYPE OF INCIDENT
• Motor vehicle collision
• Structural fire
• Natural phenomenon
• Water rescue
• Medical emergency
• Hazardous materials
• Structural collapse
• Electric related
• Aircraft accident
• Etc
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14. SCENE SIZE-UP
The evaluation of factors
that are used in the
decision-making process
to establish the strategy
and tactics to be used in a
particular incident.
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15. STEPS TO ASSESS THE SCENE
a) What is the current situation?
(Determine actual state.)
b) Where is it going?
(Determine potential situation)
c) How do I control it?
(Determine operations and resources
needed)
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16. REPORTING
• Address location
• Incident type
• Environmental condition
• Current situation
• Number of victims
• Resources needed
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17. SECURING THE SCENE
• Place vehicle properly
• Isolate and mark the
scene
• Mitigate the risks
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19. • First arriving vehicle should stop before reaching the collision scene and
stage 10-20 meters back from the incident.
• Remember to pull up your vehicles hand brake tightly in case of a rear
impact to prevent the emergency vehicle from being pushed into the
scene.
• Emergency workers have been run over by there own vehicles because
they parked too close to the scene and their vehicle was hit from behind
by another motorist.
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20. • Vehicles should park at a 45 degree angle, facing the front wheels
outward and setting the parking brake; in the event of a collision, your
vehicle will absorb most of the impact and be pushed away from the
scene.
• On the highway, there should be approximately 150-200m of warning
devices placed in the road to protect the scene safety vehicle, the
distance can be less on a road with slower moving traffic.
ANUP SINGH,DC,NDRF ACADEMY 20Tuesday, July 25, 2017

21. • Average car travelling at 100km/h takes 70m to come to a stop on a
road and that same car takes 90m to stop on a wet road.
• Wet roads and gravel roads mean the warning devices need to be
placed over a longer distance to give the approaching traffic time to
react.
• It is no good placing 5 traffic cones behind the bumper of a stationary
emergency vehicle.
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22. ESTABLISH A DANGER ZONE
• With no apparent hazards, the
danger zone extends at least 50'
in all directions from wreckage.
• With spilled fuel, the danger
zone extends a minimum of 100'
in all directions from the
wreckage. (Park upwind if
possible.)
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22Tuesday, July 25, 2017

23. • When wires are down, the danger
zone is at least one full span of wires
from the poles to which broken wires
are attached.
• When a hazardous material is
involved, consult specialist
• When a collision vehicle is on fire, the
danger zone is at least 100' in all
directions even if the fire is small.
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