The spread of information systems (IS) use has become an essential criterion for judging today's overall development level of a country and its attractiveness for capital and investment. Many international rankings evaluate the performance of different countries at this level. And Morocco occupies a disappointing position compared to its potential. Paradoxically, Morocco is lagging behind, although in the telecom sector, it is ahead of many developing countries, Thus, in 2015, the index NRI (Networked Readiness Index), measuring the preparation of an economy to make effective use of new information technologies (IT) published by the World Economic Forum, ranks Morocco in the 87th place. Indeed, with the exception of large companies that have implemented a set of tools to automate the process, a large number of SMEs and SMIs are very late as far as IT use is concerned. It means that IS in Morocco is still unable to achieve business perspectives for benefits and processes optimization. The aim of this article is to understand the particularities of Moroccan IS to understand the week points to correct in order to govern well enterprise Information technologies.
An information system is defined both functionally and structurally. Functionally, it is a medium for recording, storing, and disseminating information to support decision making. Structurally, it consists of people, processes, data, technology, and language forming a cohesive structure serving an organizational purpose. A computer-based information system uses computers to perform its tasks and has key components of people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It collects, processes, stores, and distributes information to support decision making, coordination, control, and problem analysis within an organization.
Identifying the main factors involved in business intelligence implementation...journalBEEI
In recent years, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools has been recognized as a critical element for the development of enterprises; being mainly exploited by large companies. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have yet opportunities to take advantage of them; this is the case of the implementation and usage of business intelligence (BI), which is a term that encompasses applications, tools, and methodologies that support decision-making process at a managerial level. Nevertheless, so far there is not a clear approach for its adoption in SMEs, for this reason, this work aims to identify the main factors involved in Business Intelligence implementation in SMEs through a literature review. Information for the analysis was gathered from scientific databases. The results showed main factors that influence the adoption of BI technologies in SMEs as well as recommendations given by several authors to ensure success in the process.
This document contains lecture notes on contemporary approaches to information systems. It discusses business problems and solutions perspectives, management challenges, and how information systems support business functions. It also covers different approaches to studying information systems, including technical and behavioral approaches, as well as the interdependence between organizations and their information systems. Finally, it discusses the impact of the internet on organizations and how information systems can impact organizational design.
This document discusses information technology (IT) in the construction sector from the perspectives of management and the construction industry. It provides an overview of how IT has enabled changes like globalization and new business models. It also describes how IT is used in various aspects of construction including feasibility studies, design, estimating, project planning, administration, and on-site construction. The document outlines the challenges of implementing IT in construction given the one-off nature of construction projects. It discusses how IT is transforming communication, on-line services, e-business, and teleworking.
A novel soa for e city with the increase of citizens participation approachZac Darcy
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
This document provides an overview of electronic information management and the information industry. It defines electronic information management and discusses its goals of effective information management through information technology. It also outlines the EIM framework, including strategy, process, technology, people, and governance components. The document further discusses the information industry, including its growth and importance as an economic sector that boosts innovation. It also examines the role of librarians in providing information services across different library settings.
ICT has had a significant impact on rural development in India. ICT initiatives have focused on infrastructure development and extending information and communication services from urban to rural areas. ICT can play an important role in many aspects of rural development such as poverty reduction by providing access to markets, education, and healthcare. ICT and e-governance in particular have helped strengthen governance in rural India by improving government processes and facilitating interaction between citizens, businesses, and government agencies. While ICT shows promise for rural development, initiatives must be tailored to local needs and involve stakeholders to ensure benefits are realized and sustained over the long term.
An information system is defined both functionally and structurally. Functionally, it is a medium for recording, storing, and disseminating information to support decision making. Structurally, it consists of people, processes, data, technology, and language forming a cohesive structure serving an organizational purpose. A computer-based information system uses computers to perform its tasks and has key components of people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It collects, processes, stores, and distributes information to support decision making, coordination, control, and problem analysis within an organization.
Identifying the main factors involved in business intelligence implementation...journalBEEI
In recent years, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools has been recognized as a critical element for the development of enterprises; being mainly exploited by large companies. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have yet opportunities to take advantage of them; this is the case of the implementation and usage of business intelligence (BI), which is a term that encompasses applications, tools, and methodologies that support decision-making process at a managerial level. Nevertheless, so far there is not a clear approach for its adoption in SMEs, for this reason, this work aims to identify the main factors involved in Business Intelligence implementation in SMEs through a literature review. Information for the analysis was gathered from scientific databases. The results showed main factors that influence the adoption of BI technologies in SMEs as well as recommendations given by several authors to ensure success in the process.
This document contains lecture notes on contemporary approaches to information systems. It discusses business problems and solutions perspectives, management challenges, and how information systems support business functions. It also covers different approaches to studying information systems, including technical and behavioral approaches, as well as the interdependence between organizations and their information systems. Finally, it discusses the impact of the internet on organizations and how information systems can impact organizational design.
This document discusses information technology (IT) in the construction sector from the perspectives of management and the construction industry. It provides an overview of how IT has enabled changes like globalization and new business models. It also describes how IT is used in various aspects of construction including feasibility studies, design, estimating, project planning, administration, and on-site construction. The document outlines the challenges of implementing IT in construction given the one-off nature of construction projects. It discusses how IT is transforming communication, on-line services, e-business, and teleworking.
A novel soa for e city with the increase of citizens participation approachZac Darcy
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
This document provides an overview of electronic information management and the information industry. It defines electronic information management and discusses its goals of effective information management through information technology. It also outlines the EIM framework, including strategy, process, technology, people, and governance components. The document further discusses the information industry, including its growth and importance as an economic sector that boosts innovation. It also examines the role of librarians in providing information services across different library settings.
ICT has had a significant impact on rural development in India. ICT initiatives have focused on infrastructure development and extending information and communication services from urban to rural areas. ICT can play an important role in many aspects of rural development such as poverty reduction by providing access to markets, education, and healthcare. ICT and e-governance in particular have helped strengthen governance in rural India by improving government processes and facilitating interaction between citizens, businesses, and government agencies. While ICT shows promise for rural development, initiatives must be tailored to local needs and involve stakeholders to ensure benefits are realized and sustained over the long term.
This document provides an overview of information resource management (IRM). It discusses the history of cryptography and securing information. IRM is defined as the process of managing information as a valuable organizational resource. The components of an IRM system include information resources, facilities, hardware, software, databases, information specialists, and users. IRM provides benefits such as identifying redundant information, clarifying roles, and supporting management decision-making. Adaptive, knowing, and learning organizations especially need IRM to effectively share information. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the Willard model are approaches for implementing IRM.
This document discusses measuring the ICT maturity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. It presents a model with four factors (ICT policy, infrastructure, applications, and human resources) and five levels of maturity. A case study of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam found their average ICT maturity level was "substantial." ICT policy and human resources were the weakest factors and need most improvement to increase Vietnam SMEs' ICT maturity. The tool can help SMEs and industries plan ICT development strategies.
DEFINING ICT IN A BOUNDARYLESS WORLD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKING HIERARCHYIJMIT JOURNAL
Subsequent to rapid information and communication technology development, the scope of the definition of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT or ICTs) has been utilized within diverse contexts
including economic development, education, IT, business and personal usage. A review of academic
literature, trade publications and general information was undertaken to establish a hierarchy of
applications for the term ICT or ICTs.
The document discusses several key points about global e-business and information technology:
1) The internet, intranets, and extranets allow companies to offer goods and services globally, but also present cultural, political, and economic challenges.
2) A company's business drivers, such as global customers or operations, will require capabilities like online transactions and telecommunications to coordinate on a global scale.
3) To compete effectively in global markets, companies must develop IT strategies that align with their business strategy and account for the technical and non-technical challenges of operating internationally.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
This document discusses how information technology has impacted managers and organizations globally. It identifies 7 dimensions of networked organizations that can affect business success, and the 3 components of IT management: developing e-business/IT strategies, applications, and managing the IT processes. Managing the IS function involves organizing IT, managing application development and IS operations. Global IT management faces cultural, political, and geoeconomic challenges, as well as issues around international data communication and access. The document also discusses global e-business strategies, applications, IT platforms, and systems development.
This document discusses the strategic use of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) in businesses. It defines key terms like IT, IS, data, and information. It also describes the components of an IS and how different types of IS are interrelated and support each other. Finally, it discusses how IS and organizational strategy are interdependent and how developing an IS strategic plan is important.
This document discusses challenges faced by global information systems. It notes that global information systems allow organizations to operate and take advantage of opportunities in other countries. However, they face issues like technological barriers, differing regulations, languages, cultures, and economic environments between countries. Developing successful global information systems requires addressing these challenges, such as providing multiple language websites or working across international borders in development teams.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in kenyan public unive...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, a public university in Kenya. It provides background on ERP systems and their benefits. It then describes the research methodology used, which was a descriptive survey and correlation design involving questionnaires and interviews with 60 university staff members from key departments. The findings revealed that 85% of ERP system implementation was accounted for by integrating systems for human resources, finance, procurement, student affairs, and computer science. Gender and duration of ERP system use were also found to significantly influence implementation, with those factors accounting for 28.8% of the implementation.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
This document summarizes a paper about cloud computing in Africa. It begins with an abstract stating that cloud computing provides virtual computing services over the internet. It then discusses how the introduction of cloud computing could positively impact countries in Africa given the current economic status, by analyzing factors in information technology over past decades. The document outlines several sections that will analyze challenges to IT in Nigeria and how this impacts cloud computing adoption, provide statistical analysis of IT market trends, and draw conclusions.
A review on a thesis, titled The Impact Of Information Technology On Producti...Ukam John Victor
The power point presentation reviewed a mater's thesis as written by AHMAD SOBHANI. LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. and reviewed by VICTOR JOHN UKAM
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the textbook "Management Information Systems" by Prof. Y. Peter Chiu. The chapter discusses four key trends that have increased the importance of information systems: globalization, transformation of industrial economies, transformation of business enterprises, and the emergence of digital firms. It also examines the technical and behavioral approaches to information systems and explores how information systems are changing organizations through new options like the digital firm and collaborative enterprise models.
A STUDY ON THE SECTORS OF ECONOMY SERVICED BY PRE-INDUSTRY SYSTEM DEVELOPERS ...ijbiss
In the emergence of transformative global economy, information system has became a necessity in businesses to obtain organizations operational excellence, adaptation to new business models, improved decision making and providing exceptional customer service, and eventual competitive advantage of the enterprise setting while keeping business alliances. This paper presents sectors of economy serviced by the pre-industry developers, explores the evolution of computer-based information system designed and developed by pre-industry system developers, and examine the effects of an information system in business to countervail indentified recurring problems. Nineteen of forty-six identified sectors of economy falls in the categories of primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary and quinary were the recipient of computer-based system designed and developed. There have been several effects of computer-based systems to organizations, including the implied relevance to their business processes, continuum process improvement, business process reengineering, business driver and facilitator, and customer satisfaction.
This document discusses the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in the field of career guidance and information provision. It covers four key phases in the evolution of ICT's role:
1) The mainframe phase from the 1960s-1970s, where early computer-aided guidance systems demonstrated ICT's potential but costs limited practical implementation.
2) The microcomputer phase from the 1980s-1990s, which made interactive systems more economical and widespread.
3) The web phase in the late 1990s, allowing instant online access from various locations through websites.
4) The current digital phase, where different media are converging into an integrated online environment accessible through various devices.
1. The document discusses India's information technology (IT) sector and its potential contributions to broader economic development.
2. It analyzes how IT provides India with comparative advantages, acts as a general purpose technology, and enables recombinant growth. However, opportunities are constrained by factors like skills, infrastructure, finance, and the small domestic market for IT.
3. The document advocates policy reforms to enhance domestic demand for IT and remove bottlenecks, in order to allow IT to contribute more fully to areas like governance, education, operational efficiency and market efficiency. IT is seen as a way to drive broader reforms.
Types of information systems?
Function of different types of system
Benefits of information systems
The characteristics of types of Information Systems
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a paper on the importance of information technology to financial reporting in Nigeria. The introduction discusses how information technology is changing the business world rapidly and its critical role in accounting. The literature review defines key terms like information technology, management information systems, and how information technology has evolved and impacted financial reporting. It also outlines the contents of the full paper.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
empirical study on the status of moroccan information systems and proposition...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Today, the function of the chief information officer (CIO) has become part of the flow charts of many Moroccan companies [1]. Based on this statement, we did an empirical study in the first part of this work on the state of information systems (IS) Moroccan to know their strengths and weaknesses. The aim of the second part is to propose an approach based on the IT (information technology) frameworks helping CIOs to form their own repository of good practices to be applied in order to have good IT governance.
This document discusses the strategic applications of information technology in the tourism industry. It begins by defining key terms like information technology and information systems. It then describes the evolution of IT in tourism business from industrial automation to today's digital transformation. Some strategic applications of IT discussed include managing value chains and costs, managing knowledge and information through effective strategies, and using IT for marketing and gaining competitive advantages through innovations.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also substantially influenced by it. Now, the resources of the businesses are primarily managed by using ICT supports that helps perform tasks faster and more accurate than before. But the developing countries are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of business management processes as the effort is substantially hindered by a strong but ineffective work culture. Therefore, to use ICT in business management we need to know the issues and challenges of it.
This document provides an overview of information resource management (IRM). It discusses the history of cryptography and securing information. IRM is defined as the process of managing information as a valuable organizational resource. The components of an IRM system include information resources, facilities, hardware, software, databases, information specialists, and users. IRM provides benefits such as identifying redundant information, clarifying roles, and supporting management decision-making. Adaptive, knowing, and learning organizations especially need IRM to effectively share information. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the Willard model are approaches for implementing IRM.
This document discusses measuring the ICT maturity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. It presents a model with four factors (ICT policy, infrastructure, applications, and human resources) and five levels of maturity. A case study of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam found their average ICT maturity level was "substantial." ICT policy and human resources were the weakest factors and need most improvement to increase Vietnam SMEs' ICT maturity. The tool can help SMEs and industries plan ICT development strategies.
DEFINING ICT IN A BOUNDARYLESS WORLD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKING HIERARCHYIJMIT JOURNAL
Subsequent to rapid information and communication technology development, the scope of the definition of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT or ICTs) has been utilized within diverse contexts
including economic development, education, IT, business and personal usage. A review of academic
literature, trade publications and general information was undertaken to establish a hierarchy of
applications for the term ICT or ICTs.
The document discusses several key points about global e-business and information technology:
1) The internet, intranets, and extranets allow companies to offer goods and services globally, but also present cultural, political, and economic challenges.
2) A company's business drivers, such as global customers or operations, will require capabilities like online transactions and telecommunications to coordinate on a global scale.
3) To compete effectively in global markets, companies must develop IT strategies that align with their business strategy and account for the technical and non-technical challenges of operating internationally.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
This document discusses how information technology has impacted managers and organizations globally. It identifies 7 dimensions of networked organizations that can affect business success, and the 3 components of IT management: developing e-business/IT strategies, applications, and managing the IT processes. Managing the IS function involves organizing IT, managing application development and IS operations. Global IT management faces cultural, political, and geoeconomic challenges, as well as issues around international data communication and access. The document also discusses global e-business strategies, applications, IT platforms, and systems development.
This document discusses the strategic use of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) in businesses. It defines key terms like IT, IS, data, and information. It also describes the components of an IS and how different types of IS are interrelated and support each other. Finally, it discusses how IS and organizational strategy are interdependent and how developing an IS strategic plan is important.
This document discusses challenges faced by global information systems. It notes that global information systems allow organizations to operate and take advantage of opportunities in other countries. However, they face issues like technological barriers, differing regulations, languages, cultures, and economic environments between countries. Developing successful global information systems requires addressing these challenges, such as providing multiple language websites or working across international borders in development teams.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in kenyan public unive...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, a public university in Kenya. It provides background on ERP systems and their benefits. It then describes the research methodology used, which was a descriptive survey and correlation design involving questionnaires and interviews with 60 university staff members from key departments. The findings revealed that 85% of ERP system implementation was accounted for by integrating systems for human resources, finance, procurement, student affairs, and computer science. Gender and duration of ERP system use were also found to significantly influence implementation, with those factors accounting for 28.8% of the implementation.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
This document summarizes a paper about cloud computing in Africa. It begins with an abstract stating that cloud computing provides virtual computing services over the internet. It then discusses how the introduction of cloud computing could positively impact countries in Africa given the current economic status, by analyzing factors in information technology over past decades. The document outlines several sections that will analyze challenges to IT in Nigeria and how this impacts cloud computing adoption, provide statistical analysis of IT market trends, and draw conclusions.
A review on a thesis, titled The Impact Of Information Technology On Producti...Ukam John Victor
The power point presentation reviewed a mater's thesis as written by AHMAD SOBHANI. LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. and reviewed by VICTOR JOHN UKAM
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the textbook "Management Information Systems" by Prof. Y. Peter Chiu. The chapter discusses four key trends that have increased the importance of information systems: globalization, transformation of industrial economies, transformation of business enterprises, and the emergence of digital firms. It also examines the technical and behavioral approaches to information systems and explores how information systems are changing organizations through new options like the digital firm and collaborative enterprise models.
A STUDY ON THE SECTORS OF ECONOMY SERVICED BY PRE-INDUSTRY SYSTEM DEVELOPERS ...ijbiss
In the emergence of transformative global economy, information system has became a necessity in businesses to obtain organizations operational excellence, adaptation to new business models, improved decision making and providing exceptional customer service, and eventual competitive advantage of the enterprise setting while keeping business alliances. This paper presents sectors of economy serviced by the pre-industry developers, explores the evolution of computer-based information system designed and developed by pre-industry system developers, and examine the effects of an information system in business to countervail indentified recurring problems. Nineteen of forty-six identified sectors of economy falls in the categories of primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary and quinary were the recipient of computer-based system designed and developed. There have been several effects of computer-based systems to organizations, including the implied relevance to their business processes, continuum process improvement, business process reengineering, business driver and facilitator, and customer satisfaction.
This document discusses the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in the field of career guidance and information provision. It covers four key phases in the evolution of ICT's role:
1) The mainframe phase from the 1960s-1970s, where early computer-aided guidance systems demonstrated ICT's potential but costs limited practical implementation.
2) The microcomputer phase from the 1980s-1990s, which made interactive systems more economical and widespread.
3) The web phase in the late 1990s, allowing instant online access from various locations through websites.
4) The current digital phase, where different media are converging into an integrated online environment accessible through various devices.
1. The document discusses India's information technology (IT) sector and its potential contributions to broader economic development.
2. It analyzes how IT provides India with comparative advantages, acts as a general purpose technology, and enables recombinant growth. However, opportunities are constrained by factors like skills, infrastructure, finance, and the small domestic market for IT.
3. The document advocates policy reforms to enhance domestic demand for IT and remove bottlenecks, in order to allow IT to contribute more fully to areas like governance, education, operational efficiency and market efficiency. IT is seen as a way to drive broader reforms.
Types of information systems?
Function of different types of system
Benefits of information systems
The characteristics of types of Information Systems
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a paper on the importance of information technology to financial reporting in Nigeria. The introduction discusses how information technology is changing the business world rapidly and its critical role in accounting. The literature review defines key terms like information technology, management information systems, and how information technology has evolved and impacted financial reporting. It also outlines the contents of the full paper.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
empirical study on the status of moroccan information systems and proposition...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Today, the function of the chief information officer (CIO) has become part of the flow charts of many Moroccan companies [1]. Based on this statement, we did an empirical study in the first part of this work on the state of information systems (IS) Moroccan to know their strengths and weaknesses. The aim of the second part is to propose an approach based on the IT (information technology) frameworks helping CIOs to form their own repository of good practices to be applied in order to have good IT governance.
This document discusses the strategic applications of information technology in the tourism industry. It begins by defining key terms like information technology and information systems. It then describes the evolution of IT in tourism business from industrial automation to today's digital transformation. Some strategic applications of IT discussed include managing value chains and costs, managing knowledge and information through effective strategies, and using IT for marketing and gaining competitive advantages through innovations.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also substantially influenced by it. Now, the resources of the businesses are primarily managed by using ICT supports that helps perform tasks faster and more accurate than before. But the developing countries are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of business management processes as the effort is substantially hindered by a strong but ineffective work culture. Therefore, to use ICT in business management we need to know the issues and challenges of it.
Information and communication technology (ICT) brings numerous benefits to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by helping tasks be performed faster and more accurately. However, SMEs in developing countries face challenges in fully utilizing ICT due to issues like a lack of necessary internal skills, high costs of implementation, and insufficient telecommunication infrastructure and access to relevant ICT advice. Addressing these challenges by improving ICT education and infrastructure would help SMEs better integrate ICT into management and gain greater efficiencies.
FRAMEWORK FOR EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE WITH EMERGING SCENARIOijcsit
For effective management and governance of education system, several efforts have been evolving
continuously by using Information Communication and Technology for Educational Management. The role
of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure particularly services require for
the data intensive and communication intensive application becomes more important. Further, due to the
massive growth of information, situation becomes difficult to manage these services. The present paper
discusses the related issues such as competence building, creation of appropriate ICT infrastructure, ICT
acceptance level etc. required for Information Technology for Educational Management(ITEM)
competence building framework, considered in an earlier approach for core competences for ITEM.
Therefore, it becomes essential to consider the global standard and relevant ICT infrastructure. This effort
will help in activities and resource management for effective implementation of the framework.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the
world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in
various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking
sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking
sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was
obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12
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Empirical Study: Moroccan Information systems specificities for better IT Governance
1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 391
Empirical Study: Moroccan Information systems
specificities for better IT Governance
M.Chergui1
, H.Nahla2
, A. Chakir3
, S.Elhassnaoui4
, Y.Sekhara5
, H.Medromi6
1, 3,4,5,6
ENSEM, Hassan II University, LISER-EAS Casablanca, Morocco
2
Research Team "Systems Architecture" (EAS), Professor of Management – Marketing – Communication at ENSEM,
Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
Abstract— The spread of information systems (IS) use has
become an essential criterion for judging today's overall
development level of a country and its attractiveness for
capital and investment. Many international rankings
evaluate the performance of different countries at this level.
And Morocco occupies a disappointing position compared
to its potential. Paradoxically, Morocco is lagging behind,
although in the telecom sector, it is ahead of many
developing countries, Thus, in 2015, the index NRI
(Networked Readiness Index), measuring the preparation of
an economy to make effective use of new information
technologies (IT) published by the World Economic Forum,
ranks Morocco in the 87th place. Indeed, with the
exception of large companies that have implemented a set
of tools to automate the process, a large number of SMEs
and SMIs are very late as far as IT use is concerned. It
means that IS in Morocco is still unable to achieve business
perspectives for benefits and processes optimization. The
aim of this article is to understand the particularities of
Moroccan IS to understand the week points to correct in
order to govern well enterprise Information technologies.
Keywords— Information system, Information and
communication technologies, IT Governance, Empirical
study of Moroccan IS efficiency.
I. INTRODUCTION
The era of globalization demonstrates phenomenal use of
hardware, software and services based on IT, electronics,
telecommunications (including networks), multimedia and
broadcasting of all kinds. These technologies, when
combined and interconnected, used to search, store,
process and transmit information in the form of various
types of data (text, audio, still images, moving images,
etc.), and allow interactivity between people, and between
people and machines. The large use Information and
Communication Technologies by companies has a
significant impact on their activities. These companies
exploit these technologies to take advantage of information
in order to create value for their customers and to ensure
profitable operations. The adoption of these technologies in
the enterprise, induce continually fundamental changes in
business functions. The Moroccan enterprises are not the
exception to these changes. In fact, Morocco, as a
developing country with its history and its strategic location
is opened to Europe portal for many years. Its external
relations certainly allowed him to be aware of technological
changes and evolutions, and to follow them wherever
possible as well. Over the years, the ICT sector has evolved
along the lines of political will. In 1956, the Ministry of
Posts and Telecommunications has been created. In 1984,
The National Office of Post and Telecommunications
started its activities namely the establishment of an
expansion and modernization of telecom networks. In 1995:
it was the first introduction of internet for private use; Two
years later, Morocco embarked on a restructuring of the
sector through the adoption of Law 24-96, which helped
launch the first stage of liberalization of the
telecommunications sector. In 1998 public and private
monitoring committee of Information Technology (STIC)
has been created, composed of representatives of public and
private spheres to make strategies and basis for
technologies of information in Morocco. Since the year
2000, the evolution of ICT field was accelerated, many
national projects were launched about [1]:
• Development of e-government
• Granting satellite licenses
• Audiovisual liberalization
• Development and launch of the National Cyber-
strategy e-Morocco 2010 [2]
• high speed internet etc.
Now, Morocco has matured to develop studies and
Congresses for changes in usage trends in information and
communication systems to:
• Develop an inventory of integration of information
systems in the Moroccan enterprises;
• Identify challenges and priorities of the Directors of
Information Systems;
• Measure the match between the needs of businesses in
information systems and solutions on the market.
In this perspective, we conducted an empirical study on
perception of Moroccan information systems uses for
enterprise decision making by 51 Moroccan managers of
high level in different organizations. Analysis of the results
allowed us to propose convenient IT Governance system for
Moroccan specificities.
2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 392
The article is organized as following; the second section
will be about information systems history and evolution, the
third section will present the empirical study, section 4 will
expose the IT governance model proposed to well manage
the IS according to the Moroccan context.
II. INFORMATION SYSTEMS
A. State of art
We can define an information system or S.I in various
ways:
This is an organized set of elements used to group, classify,
process and disseminate information on a given
phenomenon [3] Another way to collect an SI is described
as the an organized grouping of resources (staff, materials
data software procedures ...) to collect, store, organize,
process, transport and distribute information as text images,
sounds or data encoded in an organization [4]
An I.S is also a set of elements in dynamic interaction
organized around a goal. [5] According to this definition, an
Information System is a set of elements in dynamic
interaction organized around the goal of managing and
processing a set of data on the structure in which it is
immersed. In short, there are several definitions of the
concept that would be found in the literature; however all
intersect to describe the same concept. To better understand
the concept of I.S in a company, it should better to be a step
back, in order to grasp the origins.
In fact, IT is a relatively young science compared to other
areas of investigation. it returned that history on I.S which
are a consequence of computerization of companies would
be relatively easy to browse [6]
Long before the 70s, computers were already used in
enterprises; although sometimes having impressive physical
proportions in comparison with nowadays microcomputers.
[7] The need to computerize businesses is partly due to the
need to automate tasks, increase productivity, speed,
efficiency and effectiveness in the implementation and
especially a good coordination of the various components
of 'business. Computers were not very advanced (compared
to those of today), he remained disadvantages:
• The automation was done task by task.
• Lack of interactivity between applications.
• High cost of machinery.
• Poor machine performance and its impact on
developed applications.
• The lack of application maintenance methodology
It was the air of mainframe machines were computers and
data were centralized, systems deal with few business
functions .Main focus was to automate processes by
COBOL. In the 80s, PCs and LANs appeared and desktop
tasks made department less linked to IT by the use of word
spreadsheets. Since 1990 [8], central control and corporate
learning has been a priority for managers with the
appearance of Wide Area Networks and relational
databases, no more interest was given to standalone
systems. As for the 2000s, Internet enable global enterprises
and business partners industries looks for data sharing
across efficient systems. The I.S is at the heart of value
creation in companies. This is a complex, heterogeneous
because often consists of elements that are juxtaposed over
time at the discretion of the strategic choices of
technological developments of IT systems in place, the
development of the organization itself, etc. The need for
integration of its various components is currently strongly
felt by all organizations. Meanwhile, effectiveness and
efficiency improvement is the ongoing concern of business
leaders. In a globalizing economy, where competition is
increasing, where organizations seek to offer more services
to customers, information is increasingly a key strategic
variable. It is necessary for decision making. But if the
information
raises awareness and reduces uncertainty, the information
system, with all its components and in conjunction with
other operational resources, enabling the company to meet
the needs of different markets, providing in everywhere
customized goods and services to a demanding clientele in
timely and satisfactory costs. Thus, information is needed
within organizations, to act, learn, understand, control and
decide
B. Information system and decision making
For the purposes of its business, to inform decisions and to
ensure its internal functioning, the company must maintain
a certain amount of information.
Grouped in the form of a database, it will be used and
selectively processed to fulfill legal requirements eg:
general accounting) or management (eg inventory
management) and decision making (with charts of decision
support). The importance of this concept of information
system leads us to question first on its mandatory nature as
part of this environmental complexity and its importance in
the strategic decision making process to eventually develop
its role in the mastery of the strategic decision making
process appropriate to the complexity.
By studying the information paradox in the company, [9]
the information is perceived as a foundation of the
decisions .It is thus considered as a strategic vehicle for
more importance, that role appears both inside that outside
of the company. Inside the company, the information is
intended to influence the behavior of members of the
company so that they act in accordance with the designated
objectives, "so she can increase the synergy of efforts but
also destroy the overall result of the efforts."
Outside, the information is intended to influence the
behavior of actors in a direction favorable to the company:
current and potential customers, providers, authorities...
Starting from the fact that the information is a strategic
resource and competitive weapon, we note the importance
of its role in managing the company / environment
3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 393
relationship. This role tends to increase with the complexity
and mobility environments.
After taking account of the specificities of the environment,
the adaptation, survival and evolution of the company, as
being a complex system open to many changing
environments, require it to be able to perceive the
significant information on its external and internal
environments, decoding complexity, interpret and anticipate
their behavior, act on them to increase their knowledge,
possibilities of control and getting answers [10]. Through
the study spans of the information system, [11] it is noted
that there is a positive role of this system in creating and
increasing internal and external transparency to the
company.
Considering transparency as a result of communication
behaviors, they show following a review of the literature,
the information system allows information sharing between
individuals and organizations. As for the technology it is
created to maintain this just in time in a dynamic way .In
this context, the information system is supposed
transparency carrier allowing first to facilitate and
accelerate decision making and secondly, to communicate
between the actors of the business information system.
III. IT GOVERNANCE
IS governance or IT Governance is defined as the
organizational capacity exercised by the executive
management and IT management to control the formulation
and implementation of the IT strategy in line with the
activities of the company [12].
The IT Governance is a sub discipline of Corporate
Governance focused on information technology and
communication. This discipline, in line with company
objectives, focuses on managing risk, optimizing
investments and resources to create value and performance
of information technology.
One of the most relevant points of the Governance is to
align business goals and IS, it is indeed the right balance
between governance and management of information
technology in the company.
The IT Governance enables direct and control the business
processes within the company and this via:
-The Strategic direction of the management process,
-Business processes use to provide requested services,
-The Control the smooth running of the process, their
improvements and defining new directions.
In the next section we will propose an empirical study on
perception of Moroccan Information systems specificities
as far as business decision making is concerned
IV. EMERICAL STUDY OF MOROCAN IS
EFFICENCY FOR DECISION MAKING
A. Scope of the study
The information system is nowadays very important for
enterprises competitiveness and evolution. Here we target
the Moroccan market, and we studied through a
questionnaire about communication and information
systems installed in 51 Moroccan companies from different
business sectors, the criteria of good IT governance process
to implement through the understanding of the Morocco IS
specificities for strategic decision making.
B. Study hypothesis an methodology
Managers do not have the same approach to govern the
information system, and have different criteria to design it.
Today, the tendency is an IS to take efficient decision. This
verdict affects the choice of the structure of this function
within their organization. To validate this hypothesis, we
conducted a perception study of IS by Moroccan managers.
We realized during the month of March 2016, a study on
Information System in Moroccan Organizations.
Organizations of study are 51 valid cases. The study was
constructed using analysis method. Were taken into account
many criteria
The primary data was collected through a standardized
questionnaire.
C. Study Analysis
The 51 Enterprises have different activities as shown
below:
Fig.1: Enterprises Activity domain
17,0%
1,9%
3,8%
7,5%
11,3%
22,6%
18,9%
1,9%
9,4%
5,7%
4. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 394
It was noted that the presence of IS direction prevails in the
target sample:
IS Existence number frequency
Yes 42 81,4%
NO 9 17,6%
TOTAL 51 100%
In addition to that, the IS value is more oriented
management of regular business activities, a little less
oriented risk minimization, control of business rules and
less reducing investment costs. However, the global market,
facing competition requires IS other features, such as the
exchange of experience, cost optimization, as the
management of the business is the bare minimum that can
offer. So there is a potential need for improved IT functions
for a better strategic alignment tools or establishment to fill
IS maturity.
For more detail, we respectively studies the strengths and
weaknesses of an IS from its coverage of the company's
business processes and subsequently its ability to upload
information to make decisions.
Regarding the management of processes, most IS partially
manages business processes with a frequency of 45.1%,
non-answers with frequency of 17.6% can be interpreted by
the confidentiality of the answer for some enterprises or the
absence of IS to evaluate.
We cross then this variable of IS management with its
estimated strength for potential users:
Fig.1: IS Management / IS strength
This meets the maturity concerns expressed earlier. Indeed,
the graph above shows that for IS totally managing business
departments, the system lacks of fluidity and usability; it is
less simple, less practical and slower than a part-coverage
system.
We then test the relationship between the advanced
processing of business processes and the relevance of the IS
to the extent of allowing users to make decisions.
The empirical study returns the following results:
Fig.3: Advanced processing / IS relevance
It is important to note that the coverage of business
processes by the IS and its relevance for better decision
making are two highly correlated variables for interviewed
Moroccan enterprises.
Arguably more business processes are automated from end
to end, most we can traced back relevant information to
make decisions. To check this finding, let’s first assess the
strength of IS in relation to its relevance and its coverage of
business processes. We establish a multiple factor analysis
of these three variables, namely:
• the relevance of the IS
• Advanced treatment of business processes
• IS strengths,
The IS managing totally business processes from end to
end (dial C), is efficient and convenient, while an IS that
manages them partially is not. Especially the qualities of
efficiency, practice and speed are strongly correlated
regardless of the system in question (dial D). We also note
that the fact that IS can be traced back relevant information
is positively correlated with the total business process
management, and in most cases he lacks simplicity,
usability and a little speed (see Figure 4).
Fig.2: Perception IS relevance, Advanced process and IS
powers
Then we evaluate (Figure 5) symmetrically weaknesses of
IS in relation to its relevance and coverage of business
processes by a second multiple factor analysis of these three
variables, namely:
• the relevance of the IS
• Advanced treatment of business processes
• Weakness of IS
Non réponse
Oui, totalement
Oui, partiellement
On n'en a pas
NA
YES
Partially
A B
C D
5. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
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Note that IS that manages business processes fully, and that
enable decisions’ making is rather complicated and slow.
Other problems arise namely, limiting and saturation which
are both related and inversely correlated with the
complexity and slowness.
Fig. 3: Perception IS relevance, advanced processes and IS
weakness
We deduce that IS covering all of the company's business
processes and making relevant decisions is necessarily
efficient and practical, yet lacks usability, speed and ease of
use.
One last point mentioned in this study, it is the total process
management with the activities supported by the IS and
possible weaknesses ( Figure 6): the graph below shows
that the management of business processes from end to end
is correlated with the management of business activities and
the realization of daily tasks, it is not correlated with the
accumulation of experience and risk minimization. Besides
this type of IS is rather complicated in this case and limited
in the case of a partial management. This one shows the
limitation of horizons of decision making through actual
Moroccan IS and the need for more detail and greater
performance for better results.
Fig.6: Perception of total process management activities
supported by the IS and IS weakness
V. IT GVERNANCE PROPSED MODEL
From the investigation, and to address the limitations of
existing SI proposes a governance model to:
• Evaluate all the company's business processes
• Understanding the constraints of all stakeholders
about the processes and objectives,
• Measure the performance of process execution
• Simplify the reading of the direct results and
deducted
• Run as soon as possible
• Adapt to business and environmental changes,
Such a model, will fill IS gaps in Morocco from a strategic
nature and will increase their profit.
The table below shows the projection of these features on
the potential actors and tools to deploy:
Model functions Actors Tools
Evaluate all the
company's business
processes
•Business
Process
Manager
• DSI
internal / external
audit
Team meeting
Formalization of
processes
Understanding the
constraints of all
stakeholders on the
processes and
objectives,
Head
office
business
manageme
nt
DSI
internal
control (if
available)
- Managers Meetings
-Management Of
daily incidents
-Meetings regular
trades teams to move
up the job
management
problems.
Measure the
performance of
process execution
Head
office
business
manageme
nt
DSI
- Dashboard Edition
-Comparison Results
with expectations
-Comparison With
competition.
Simplify the
reading of the
direct results and
deducted
DSI
-outils technologiques
-veille techniques
(rapidité, convivialité,
ease use and exchange
Support the
delivery process as
soon as possible
ISM
Head of
the office
Objectifs stratégiques
urgents
Adapt to business
and environmental
changes,
DSI
Head
office
external
actors
Outils techniques
Objectifs stratégiques
urgents
Such a model will fill gaps in Morocco SI strategic in
nature and increase their profit. It opens the door to other
specifications executive order detailing the other dependent
C D
BA
6. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 396
variables of human and material resources, industry or
internal organization.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this article, we propose an IT Governance Model for
Moroccan enterprises from an empirical study on
perception of IS efficiency for business decision making.
After an introduction about Moroccan ICT and its
evolution, we first briefly expose a state of art of
Information Systems in general, and their uses for business
decision making. We define IT Governance and present the
study. Then we conclude an IT Governance model
correcting eventual limitation.
To conclude, strategic alignment must be considered in the
establishment of an IS or its improvement, appearance
assured by the quality of information required of the IS and
its relevance for better decision making. It must also
visualize permanently the business processes and analyze
while checking a quality system criteria. (Practice,
efficiency, usability, simplicity, and speed).
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