This document provides an overview and summary of a presentation on emerging forms of electronic gambling and related concerns. It identifies three recent forms as lottery machines, daily fantasy sports, and esports betting. Key concerns discussed include gambling addiction, impacts on developing brains, and predatory monetization practices in games. The presentation recommends addressing these issues through prevention efforts, policy work, education, and treating problematic gaming similarly to other behavioral addictions.

1. Julie M. Hynes, MA, CPS
Oregon PGS Webinar
August 1, 2018

2. The complete slide
deck & audio recording
will be posted at:
www.oregonpgs.org – your
one-stop shop for all things PGS!
10:07 PM

3. OBJECTIVES
1. Identify three recent electronic forms of
gambling.
2. Identify five key concerns related to electronic
gambling.
3. Name at least three tools used to address
concerns on electronic gambling.

4. This presentation is not about overall
use of screens and technology.

5. HEADS UP
There may be content here that could present as
a trigger to some. Please take care of yourself
and give yourself a break if needed.

6. 1. TRENDS.

7. Lottery machine at Sea-Tac Airport , 2018
- GAMIFICATION
- MARKETING
- BLURRINESS

8. We don’t think of these
things as gambling.
Therefore, we don’t
think our young
people are gambling.

9. DEFINITION: GAMBLING
__________ something of value
in the ______________________
something of greater value.
hopes of obtaining
Risking
Source: American Psychiatric Association - DSM-5 (2013).

10. BLURRING LINES?
1. PRIZE:
2. CHANCE:
3. CONSIDERATION:
Anything of value the sponsor awards in a promotion.
(Example: real money or a virtual reward to help
advancing in a game.)
A process beyond the participant's direct control
determines the outcome. (Example: an instant-win
game at a fast food restaurant.)
Requires money or significant effort.
(Example: inviting Facebook friends
in order to gain new “lives.”)

11. “FREEMIUM.”
FREE* APPS…
* (WITH “IN-APP
PURCHASES.”)

12. DO RATINGS
STOP MOST
KIDS?

13. REAL MONEY FOR PRETEND MONEY / PRIZES

14. AND CANDY!

15. Of 100 most popular Facebook games,
more than half (54%) include gambling
content (22% are slot-based)
Giroux, 2016

16. OOH!
WAYS TO LEVEL
UP FASTER!
TYPICAL FREEMIUM SCENARIO:
Source: Custer, R. & Rosenthal, M.
&@*$#!
IT’S GETTING
HARDER.
WOOHOO!
COOL FREE
GAME!

17. THE SITES MIGHT CHANGE,
BUT FANTASY SPORTS
IS NOT GOING ANYWHERE.
“DFS”

18. US SPORTS BETTING
25-year federal ban on legal sports bets for all
practical purposes except the State of…
$150B illegal market in U.S.

19. Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/states-are-free-to-authorize-sports-betting-supreme-court-
rules/2018/05/14/31a46d16-2af1-11e8-b0b0-f706877db618 story.html?utm term=.2b221aa0603c
“PASPA” Repeal=
2018 Big Deal

20. Sources: http://www.espn.com/chalk/story/_/id/23716636/delaware-generates-322135-bets-day-1-full-scale-betting-tuesday
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/nyregion/sports-betting-legalized-nj.html

21. • 2
Online Sports Betting:
Still illegal across state
lines
Wire Act of 1961!

22. LET’S PLAY “GUESS THE SPORT!”
(Put your answer in the chat box)

23. ANSWER: OVERWATCH (VIDEO GAME)
Source: http://www.espn.com/esports/story/_/id/24153101/overwatch-league-playoffs-london-spitfire-becomes-first-overwatch-
league-playoffs-finalist (July 30, 2018)

24. May 2, 2018: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/style/fortnite.html
ESPORTS:
COMPETITIVE
VIDEO
GAMING

25. TRADITIONAL SPORTS
A NEW EXPLOSION OF SPORTS.
Etc… Etc…And new games keep coming…
ESPORTS

26. SCHOLARSHIPS & MORE.

28. J. Hynes | 3/2/18 | www.preventionlane.org/ok
Source: “Competitive video
gaming will be a $1.5 billion
industry by 2020, researchers
say,” Jeff Dunn / Business
Insider / 3/27/17
http://www.businessinsider.com
/esports-popularity-revenue-
forecast-chart-2017-3

29. GAMERS ARE THE NEW STARS
https://www.forbes.com/sites/insertcoin/2018/04/07/ninjas-new-fortnite-twitch-records-5-million-followers-250000-subs-875000-a-month/#5895314b478f
As of
7/30/18:
9.5 million
followers

30. Source: https://www.gambling.com/news/10-reasons-why-fortnite-will-be-huge-for-esports-betting-1495000
GAMBLING ON THE GAMES

31. GAMBLING IN ESPORTS.
2. Fantasy
esports
1. Betting on
professional
gaming teams
Image source: csgostash.com
3. Betting
in-game
decorations (skins”)
2017 Overwatch World Cup
Image source: pcgamer.com

32. SKINS. Entertainment. Street Cred. Possible $.
Image Source: https://csgostash.com/

33. PRIZE. CHANCE. CONSIDERATION.

34. WATCH: “Skin in the Game: Counter-Strike has spawned a wild multibillion-dollar world of online
casino gambling; it's barely regulated and open to any kid who wants in.” ESPN.com, 1/20/17

35. Esports betting = ~$2.3 billion market.
J. Hynes | 3/2/18 | www.preventionlane.org/ok
Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-virtual-guns-counterstrike-gambling/

36. “MICROTRANSACTIONS”
REAL $,
VIRTUAL PRIZES

37. LOOT BOXES: ANOTHER FORM OF
MICROTRANSACTION
Small payment.
Could get something really cool…
but probably not.

38. LOOT BOXES: ANOTHER FORM OF
MICROTRANSACTION
Animation source: https://gfycat.com/gifs/detail/zealousglossygazelle

39. 2. RELATIONSHIPS & RISKS.

40. Source: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/
how-video-game-companies-are-using-gambling-tactics-to-make-customers-addicted-2017-9
SO MANY
CONNECTIONS…

41. GAMING ADDICTION THE DSM…Not yet.
“INTERNET GAMING DISORDER” (IGD) is…
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C: Author.

42. 2018 World Health Organization
ICD-11: Gaming Disorder
Source: World Health Organization. (2018). http://www.who.int/features/qa/gaming-disorder/en/

43. DOUBTS...
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/health/internet-
gaming-addiction.html
HAVE WE HEARD
THIS STORY
BEFORE?

44. Source: Petry, et al., 2014. An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457
CROSSWALKING GAMING &
GAMBLING DISORDER CRITERIA

45. SAME CRITERIA: GAMBLING DISORDER
• Tolerance
• Preoccupation
• Use to escape
• Inability to cut back/quit
• Irritability when cutting
back/quitting
• “Chasing” losses
• Lying or concealing
• Risk/lose relationships
• Continue despite neg.
consequences (gaming)
• Bailouts (gambling)
Source: Petry, et al., 2014. An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457
DIFFERENCES:

46. Source: Brain Briefings (2007, October), Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC
GAMING/GAMBLING & DOPAMINE
Dopamine not released when expecting a loss.
Flooded with dopamine when expecting a win!
It’s NOT about the money!

47. The
PREFRONTAL
CORTEX is the
LAST PART to
develop.
25
The brain
is still
developing
until
…AND YOUTH SENSITIVE TO DOPAMINE.

48. OTHER AT-RISK GROUPS…

49. Similarities between those with internet
gaming disorder (IGD) & pathological
gamblers:
• Less sensitive to loss
• More reactive
to gaming and gambling cues
• More impulsive choices
Fauth-Büler, M., Mann, K. (2015, Nov.) Neurobiological correlates of internet gaming disorder: Similarities to pathological gambling.
Journal of Addictive Behaviors doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.004
IGD & PATHOLOGICAL
GAMBLING:

50. THE FREEMIUM ISSUE.
Adolescents playing simulated
gambling games more likely
to later move to real gambling…
…and are also more likely to have later
gambling problems
King et al., 2010

51. THESE ARE THE SAME DISORDERS
IN EVERYTHING BUT THE MONEY.

52. WE ARE THE MOST EQUIPPED
PROFESSION TO DEAL WITH
GAMING DISORDERS.
IF NOT US, WHO?

53. 3. ADDRESSING THE ISSUES.

54. THE BARRIERS OUR
PROFESSION ARE REAL.
Tobacco
Substance Abuse
Problem Gambling
And we’re Oregon –
this is a GOOD trailer!!

55. WHAT
CAN WE
DO IN
OREGON
?
Px education
& awareness
Track policy,
work w/
stakeholders
ID & referral
to treatment
PREVENTION

56. PREVENTION
SCREEN
ACTIVITY.
Parental
Controls
Education
Monitor
payment!

57. i.e.,
• Prevention efforts that address RISK FACTORS
common to other problem behaviors;
• Prevention efforts that address PROTECTIVE
FACTORS (e.g., prosocial behaviors)
Examples: Alcohol & drug curricula, Life Skills programs,
parenting programs, etc.
RESEARCHERS RECOMMEND OVERALL
PREVENTION INITIATIVES AS MOST EFFECTIVE.

58. FAMILY COMMUNITY
Barnes et al.,1999; Hayatbakhsh et al., 2006; Johansson et
al., 2009; King & Delfabbro, 2016; Raylu & Oei, 2002;
Scholes-Balog et al., 2014; Shead et al., 2010; Volberg,
2008; Winters et al., 2002
SCHOOL INDIVIDUAL/PEER
- Family conflict
- Family history antisocial
behavior
- Parental gambling
- Academic failure &
poor school performance
- Low school commitment
- Male
- Early initiation
- Early big wins
- Rebelliousness
- Delinquency
- Impulsivity
- Competitiveness
- Interaction w/
antisocial peers
- Friends’
use/pressure
- ATOD use
- Psychological
distress, mental
health issues
ADDRESS RISK FACTORS BY DOMAIN
- Exposure to gambling
- Availability & accessibility
- Media portrayal

59. NATL COUNCIL PROB GAMBLING
NCPG Prevention Committee:
Has an“Emerging Trends” task
group. Info:
www.ncpgprevention.org
POLICY, ADVOCACY & COALITION BUILDING.

60. TREATMENT, PREVENTION
Using same strategies effective already
in your work (i.e., you don’t have to know
all of the details of the new tech!)
Tx in Oregon: person must have
concurrent gambling disorder or have
S.O. w/ gambling disorder
PROVIDING SERVICES.

61. AWARENESS/EDUCATION
Capturing those who may not
“think” they are gamblers.
INCLUDING NEW LANGUAGE

62. AWARENESS/EDUCATION
Including gambling
in conversations
about alcohol &
other drugs, AND
technology.
PARENTS, EDUCATORS, KIDS.

63. RECOVERY
Addition,
not
subtraction.
Replace
Skill-based
activity
Mindfulness
Social
replacements

64. ONE LAST HELPFUL RESOURCE:
GAME QUITTERS:
www.gamequitters.com
Super duper helpful resource.

65. facebook.com/preventionlane
@HynesUO
@PreventionLane