The document outlines the statutory requirements for on-site and off-site emergency plans for industrial occupiers, emphasizing the need for detailed disaster control measures and responsible personnel. It addresses various types of emergencies, factors for plan formulation, and key personnel responsibilities, including communication and medical support roles. The document also underscores the importance of preparedness, response strategies, and continual updates to emergency plans to ensure effective handling of potential hazardous incidents.

2. Statutory Provision
 Under Section 41(B) (4) every occupier is to prepare
On-site Emergency Plan and detailed disaster control
measures for his factory. Again under provision of Rule
13 of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989, the occupier shall
prepare and keep up to date On-site Emergency plan
containing details how major accidents will be dealt
with on the site on which the industrial activity is
carried on and that plan shall include the name of the
persons who is responsible for safety on the site and
names of those who are authorized to take action in
accordance with the plan in case of emergency.

3. Emergency :
 is one, which has the potential to cause
serious injury or loss of life or environment
disruption.
 It may cause extensive damage to property
and serious disruption, both inside and
outside the works.
 It would require the assistance of emergency
services to handle it effectively.
 Normal patterns of life is disrupted.

4. Causes of emergency
 NATURE : earthquake, droughts, floods, etc
 VIOLENCE : war, armed conflict, sabotage, etc
 DETERIORATION : environment degradation,
etc
 FAILURES: equipment, plant, fire, leakage ,etc
 This will result in fire ,explosion or toxic release.

5. TYPES OF EMERGENCY PLANS :
On-site plan : This will be the
responsibility of the works
management to formulate it. Plan must
therefore be specific to the site.
Off-site plan : This will the
responsibility of district emergency
authority to integrate plans. Plan must
therefore be specific to the area.

6. OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY PLANS
 To localise the emergency, and if possible to eliminate
it.
 To minimize the effects on people, property and
environment.
 Minimising the effects may include rescue, first aid,
evacuation, rehabilitation and prompt communication
to people living nearby

7. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
 Three factors have to be taken into consideration in
formulating the plan either for On-site or Off-site.
This can be termed as safety continuum. The three
factors are:
1. Prevention
a. Anticipation b. Analysis c. Scenarios d.
Engineering and Design.
2. Preparedness
a. Policy b. Procedures c. Performance d.
Practice.
3.Response
a. Reaction to an incident b. Critique of incident

8. AGENCIES INVOLVED
1. INDUSTRY
2. GOVERNMENT
3. PUBLIC

9. ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
1. Assessment of the size and nature of the events foreseen
and the probability of their occurrence:
2. Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside
authorities, including the emergency services:
3. Procedures:
(i) Raising the alarm
(ii) Communications both within and outside the
works:
4. Appointment of key personnel and their duties and
responsibilities:
(i) Works incident controller
(ii) Works main controller
5. Emergency control centre
6. Action on site; 7. Action off site.

10. OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
 Is an integral part of any major hazard control system.
 Based on those accidents, which could affect people
and the environment outside the works.
 Based on those events which are most likely to occur.
 A good off-site emergency plan has the flexibility in its
application to emergencies other than those
specifically included in the formation of the plan.

11. Main elements of On-site Emergency plans
 Leadership and Administration.
 Role and Responsibilities of Key Personnel.
 Emergency action.
 Light and Power.
 Source of energy control.
 Protective and rescue equipment.
 Communication.
 Medical care.
 Mutual Aid.
 Public relation.
 Protection of vital records.
 Training.
 Periodical revision of plan.

12. Emergency Control Centre
 i. Internal and external communication.
 ii. Computer and other essential records.
 iii. Daily attendance of workmen employed in factory.
 iv. Storage of hazardous material records and
manufacturing records.
 v. Pollution records.
 vi. Walky-talky.

13. Emergency Control Centre
 vii. Plan of the plant showing:-
a. Storage area of hazardous materials.
b. Storage of safety equipments.
c. Fire fighting system and additional source of
water.
d. Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist.
e. Assembly points.
f. Truck parking area.
g. Surrounding location.
 viii. Note Book, Pad and Pencil.
 ix. List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone
number etc.

14. Assembly Points
 A safe place far away from the plant should be pre
determined as assembly point where in case of
emergency personnel evacuated from the affected
areas are to be assembled. The plant workers, contract
workers and visitors should assemble in assembly
point in case of emergency and the time office clerk
should take their attendance so as to assess the
missing persons during emergency.

15. The Key Personnel for onsite
emergency
 The Key Personnel for onsite emergency:-
 1. Works Main Controller.
 2. Works Incident Controller.
 3. Other Key Officers
a. Communication Officer.
b. Security and Fire Officer.
c. Telephone Operators.
d. Medical Officer.
e. Personnel/Administrative Officer.
f. Essential work team leaders.

16. Works Main Controller
 Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether the
evacuation of staff from the plant is needed.
 Exercise and direct operational control over areas other than those
affected.
 Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess in
consultation with work incident controller and other Key Personnel.
 Liaison with Police, Fire Service, Medical Services, Factory
Inspectorate and other Govt. Agencies.
 Direct and control rehabilitation of affected area after emergency.
 Intimate Off-site Emergency controller if the emergency spreads
beyond the factory premises and likely to affect the surrounding
area.
 Ensure that evidence is preserved for enquiries to be conducted by
statutory authorities.
 The Works Main Controller will declare the emergency

17. Work Incident Controller
 He will rush to the place of occurrence and take overall
charge and report to the Works Main Controller .
 He will assess the situation and considering the
magnitude of emergency he will take decision and
inform Communication Officer to communicate the
news of emergency to different agencies.
 He will give direction to stop all operations within the
affected area and evacuation of workers and staffs from
affected area.
 He will inform all Key Personnel and all outside
agency for help.

18. Other Key Personnel and their duties
 a. Communication Officer.
 On hearing the emergency siren/alarm he will proceed
to the control center and communicate to Work
Incident Controller. He will collect information from
the emergency affected area and send correct message
to work main controller for declaration of emergency.
He will maintain a log book of incident. He will
contact all essential departments. He will take stock of
the meteorological condition from local
meteorological Department. He will communicate all
information as directed by Works Main Controller.

19.  b. Security and Fire Officer.
 The Security or Fire officer will be responsible for the
fire fighting. On hearing the emergency alarm/siren,
he will reach the incident area with fire and security
staff.
 He will inform to the Work Incident Controller about
the situation and requirement of outside help like
State Fire Service and other mutual aid members.
 At the site, the entire fire squad member will respond
to the advice and information given by the works
incident controller.
 The security will control the visitors and the vehicle
entry.

20.  c. Telephone Operator.
 In case of fire is discovered but no emergency
siren is operated, he shall ensure the information
about the location of the fire/emergency incident
from the persons discovered/notices the above
and communicate to different Key Personnel
immediately with clear message.

21.  d. Medical Officer.
 Medical Officer with his team will report to the Works
Incident Controller on hearing the fire/emergency
siren immediately.
 The ambulance will be parked nearest to the site of
incident.
 Name of injured and other casualties carried to the
Hospital will be recorded and handed over to Works
Incident Controller.
 The ambulance will carry the injured to the nearest
hospital for treatment.

22. e. Personnel/Administrative Officer
 .
 Manning of assembly points to record the arrival of
evacuated people.
 He should work as a liaison officer liaising with works
main controller and other essential departments such as
Police, Press and Statutory authorities. His responsibilities
shall include:-
 To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention to
arrange additional help if required and inform relatives.
 To control traffic movement into the factory and ensure
that alternative transport is available when needed.
 When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of
personnel and organize refreshment and catering facilities.
 Arrange for finance for the expenditure to handle the
emergency.

23. f. Essential Works and Team Leaders.
 7. Safety team.
1. Task Force and repair team.
2. Fire fighting team.
3. Communication team.
4. Security Team.
5. Transport Team.
6. First aid and medical team.

24. Alarm System
 Alarm system varies and will depend on the size of the
works area –
 simple fire bell,
 hand operated siren –
 break open type,
 fire alarm etc.
 Automatic alarm may be needed for highly hazardous
nature of plant.

25. Communication System
 Communication is a key component to control an
emergency. The following communication system may
be provided in the plant-
 Walky-Talky.
 Telephone (internal & external).
 Cell phone.
 Intercom/paging.
 Runners (verbal or written messages).

26. Siren for Emergency
 Siren for emergency should be different from the
normal siren.
 The emergency siren should be audible to a distance of
5 KM radius.
 The emergency siren should be used only in case of
emergency.

27. Escape Route
 The escape route from each and every plant should be
clearly marked.
 The escape route is the shortest route to reach out of
the plant area to open area, which leads to assembly
point.
 This route should be indicated on the layout plan
attached to the On-site Emergency Plan.

28. On-site Emergency Plan should
contain-
 1. Site plan and topographic plan.
 2. Plan showing the fire fighting facilities.
 3. Plan showing hazardous material storage area.
 4. Material safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals.
 5. Facilities available in main control center.
 6. List of emergency equipment.
 7. List of Safety Equipment.
 8. List of important telephone numbers and addresses.
i. Nearest hospitals and ambulance service center.
ii. Nearest fire station.
iii. Govt. Officials.
iv. Transport provider.
 9. Names and address & contact telephone number of Key Personnel.

29. Emergency facilities
 i. Fire protection and fire fighting facilities.
 ii. Emergency lighting and standby power.
 iii. Emergency equipment and rescue equipment :-
 a. Breathing apparatus with compressed air cylinder.
 b. Fire proximity suit.
 c. Resuscitator.
 d. Water gel Blanket.
 e. Low temperature suit.
 f. First aid kit.
 g. Stretchers.
 h. Torches.
 i. Ladders.

30.  iv. Safety Equipment:-
 a. Respirators.
 b. Gum boots.
 c. Safety helmets.
 d. Asbestos Rubber hand gloves.
 e. Goggles and face shield.
 f. Toxic gas measuring instruments.
 g. Explosive meter.
 h. Oxygen measuring instruments.
 i. Toxic gas measuring instrument.
 j. Wind direction indicator

31. .
TYPICAL
COMPONENTS OF
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PLAN

32. 1.Plant Emergency Organization
 Designated person in charge / alternates
 Functions of each key individual and
group.
 Telephone numbers (Office and home )
for key people/alternates

33. 2.Plant Risk Evaluation
 Quantity of hazardous materials
 Location of hazardous materials
 Properties of each (MSDS sheets)
 Location of isolation valves
 Special fire fighting procedures (if any)
 Special handling requirements.

34. 3.Notification Procedures and Communications
Systems
 Alarm systems
 Communication equipment (radios, hot lines, etc.,)
 Emergency organization
 Plant management
 Local officials and response agencies
 Neighboring industry
 Nearby residents
 Names and telephone number (with alternates) list
 Designated person for media contacts
 Procedure for notifying families of injured employees
 Central reporting office

35. 4.Area Risk Evaluation
(other industries near plant)
 Properties of hazards materials at nearby
plants.
 Contacts (names, telephone numbers) at
other sites
 Established procedures for notification of
chemical releases at other sites in area.

36. 5. Emergency Equipment and
Facilities
Fire fighting equipment
Emergency medical supplies
Toxic gas detectors (Where needed)
Wind direction / speed indicators
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Protective Clothing

37. 6.Procedure for returning to normal
operations
 Interface and lines of communications with offsite
officials

38. 7.Training and Drills
 Knowledge of chemicals (Properties, toxicity, etc.,)
 Procedures for reporting emergencies
 Knowledge of alarms systems
 Location of fire fighting equipment
 Use of fire fighting equipment
 Use of protective equipment (respirators, breathing air,
clothing etc.)
 Decontamination procedures for protective clothing and
equipment.
 Evacuation procedures
 Frequent, documented simulated emergencies.

39. organization / Procedures
 Simulated emergencies
 Documented, frequent alarms systems checks
 Frequent tests of fire fighting equipment
 Evacuation practice
 On-going emergency preparedness committee

40. 9.Plan Updates
Annual or more frequent if needed
Reflect results or drills and tests

41. Procedures
 Communications
 Evacuation
 Medical (Include handling of multiple injuries)
 Special procedures for toxic gas releases
(Chlorine, etc.)
 Hurricane procedures (coastal area only)
 Utility failure procedures
 Individual unit emergency procedures
 Bomb threat procedures

42. (for each process unit and utility
systems)
Start-up / Shut-down emergency
procedures
Analysis of potential incidents
Emergency response and action to
be taken for each incident.

43. 12.DEGREE OF EMERGENCY AND
RESPONSE
 Material Related : Size of Release
 Physical State of Released Chemical
 Chemical Toxicity
 Community Related: Geographical and Meteorological
Conditions
Population Centers and
Distribution
Environmental Targets
 Physical Facilities
 Response Resources
 Established Plans and
Preparedness

44. COMMUNICATION / NOTIFICATION
Of ‘OFF-SITE EMERGENCY’
 The Works Emergency Controller of the Industry, where the
emergency has occurred, will decide to inform the District
Emergency Authority on the Off-site Emergency Situation’ if the
On-site emergency is likely to develop into an off-site emergency.
 He will first inform the police station as appropriate about the
‘Off-site emergency’. The police station through the wireless set will
inform the District Collector’s Office. The industry will also
directly try to inform the District Collector or his office, the DSP
and SP, about the Off-site Emergency situation.
 The Collector (District Emergency Authority) will assume the
role of Chief Off-site Emergency Co-coordinator / Mobilize all the
agencies under his control, for rushing to the spot to perform the
jobs as laid down in Off-site Emergency Plan.

45. OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN - PART –I
(Individual Industries)
 Site location – roads / railway stations
 Brief details of manufacturing processes
and materials handled.
 Hazard potential
 Basic control system and communications
 Material Safety data sheets of important
hazardous chemicals handled.
 Responsibilities and duties of key personnel.

46. OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN - PART-II
(Common Off-site Emergency Plan)
 Sectorial division of emergency planning zone
(Direction / distance / Sectors giving details of villages
& approximate population)
 Emergency committees
 Notification of Off-site emergency
 Responsibilities and duties of Govt. and other
agencies.
 Annexures containing details of Telephone numbers,
contact addresses safety professionals of the area,
Medical facilities etc.,

47. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS -
IMPORTANT POINTS
 EMERGENCY PLANS are not static documents.
They need updating.
 Must be constructed within the framework of
available or obtainable resources.
 Must represent all interest groups.
 Must be supported by the community to assure
their success.