What is a confined space?
Hazards of entering and working in Confined Spaces
Actions to taken / Preparation before entering a confined space
Checklist prior to commencing work in a confined space
What is Permit to work system?
What are the requirements of permit to work?
Different types of permit to work system such electrical, hot and cold work etc.
Fall hazard means a circumstance that exposes a worker in a workplace to a risk of a fall that is reasonably likely to cause injury to the worker or other person.
Assessing risks from working at height.
Common Fall Hazards at construction site.
Common Scaffold Hazards.
PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION.
Travel-Restraint Systems.
Fall-Arrest Systems.
Lifelines.
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man made structures.
What is Permit to work system?
What are the requirements of permit to work?
Different types of permit to work system such electrical, hot and cold work etc.
Fall hazard means a circumstance that exposes a worker in a workplace to a risk of a fall that is reasonably likely to cause injury to the worker or other person.
Assessing risks from working at height.
Common Fall Hazards at construction site.
Common Scaffold Hazards.
PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION.
Travel-Restraint Systems.
Fall-Arrest Systems.
Lifelines.
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man made structures.
CONTENTS:
I. What is a Hot Work ?
II. Training
III. PPE`s
IV. Hot Work Permit
V. Electric Welding
VI. Fire Prevention
VII. Fire Watch
VIII. Generator Sets
IX. Welding Equipment Checks
X. Oxy Cutting Equipment
XI. Fire Safety Precautions
XII. Compressed Gas Cylinders
XIII. Safe Practices
XIV. Heat Stress
Many workers are injured and killed each year while working in confined spaces. An estimated 60% of the fatalities have been among the would-be rescuers. A confined space can be more hazardous than regular workspaces for many reasons. To effectively control the risks associated with working in a confined space, a Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control Program should be implemented for your workplace. Before watching this PPT , make sure to review the specific regulations that apply to your workplace
Arrangements for management of the different conditions brought about by night works or what assessments will be undertaken to ensure this can be conducted safely. Detail should also include shift patterns and management of worker fatigue.
Working at night poses a serious safety risk for
highway & construction workers. Those who work
at night are at a higher risk for injury because of:
• Reduced visibility for Equipment and other
vehicle drivers.
• Reduced visibility for workers.
• Lack of communication between shifts
• Increased number of impaired or drowsy drivers
• Sleep deprivation for workers
Permit To Work
Types of Permit To Work
Hot Work Permit
Confined Space Entry Permit
Electrical Permit
Excavation Permit
Radiography Permit
Crane Critical Lifts Permit
Man Basket Operation
Permit Issuer Responsibilities
Permit Receiver Responsibilities
HSE Permit Coordinator
Responsibilities
Revalidation of the Permit
Work Permit Flow Chart
A PowerPoint Presentation for use with training on Confined Space. Includes the definition of a confined space, ventilation, gas monitoring, rescue and retrieval and more.
CONTENTS:
I. What is a Hot Work ?
II. Training
III. PPE`s
IV. Hot Work Permit
V. Electric Welding
VI. Fire Prevention
VII. Fire Watch
VIII. Generator Sets
IX. Welding Equipment Checks
X. Oxy Cutting Equipment
XI. Fire Safety Precautions
XII. Compressed Gas Cylinders
XIII. Safe Practices
XIV. Heat Stress
Many workers are injured and killed each year while working in confined spaces. An estimated 60% of the fatalities have been among the would-be rescuers. A confined space can be more hazardous than regular workspaces for many reasons. To effectively control the risks associated with working in a confined space, a Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control Program should be implemented for your workplace. Before watching this PPT , make sure to review the specific regulations that apply to your workplace
Arrangements for management of the different conditions brought about by night works or what assessments will be undertaken to ensure this can be conducted safely. Detail should also include shift patterns and management of worker fatigue.
Working at night poses a serious safety risk for
highway & construction workers. Those who work
at night are at a higher risk for injury because of:
• Reduced visibility for Equipment and other
vehicle drivers.
• Reduced visibility for workers.
• Lack of communication between shifts
• Increased number of impaired or drowsy drivers
• Sleep deprivation for workers
Permit To Work
Types of Permit To Work
Hot Work Permit
Confined Space Entry Permit
Electrical Permit
Excavation Permit
Radiography Permit
Crane Critical Lifts Permit
Man Basket Operation
Permit Issuer Responsibilities
Permit Receiver Responsibilities
HSE Permit Coordinator
Responsibilities
Revalidation of the Permit
Work Permit Flow Chart
A PowerPoint Presentation for use with training on Confined Space. Includes the definition of a confined space, ventilation, gas monitoring, rescue and retrieval and more.
A PowerPoint for training in Respiratory Protection in the workplace. Covers information on Filtering Facepieces, Dust Masks, PAPRs, SCBAs, supplied air respirators, negative pressure respirators, Air-Powered Respirators and more.
Brian Maynard Presentation Comedy Safety Unsafe Actsgitjiggy
I do not make claim to all these photos. These are photos that have been emailed to me over the past few years. I hope you enjoy the presentation. It is great for a safety meeting or class.
LeadingPlus Assessment Report from SGS. We are Alibaba Assessed Supplier of Mobile Phone Accessories. Including 3D VR Headsets, Bluetooth Speakers, iPhone Cases, Car Holders etc.
The Play Ethic: lessons from play in an adverse economic climatewww.patkane.global
The slides from my presentation at The Economist's 'Opportunity in Adversity' Conference, London, June 2, 2009
See http://www.theplayethic.com for more details.
Presentation Alumni TU/e M&I - DSC/e strives to be an internationally leading expertise center when it comes to data science research and education. Research focuses on developing new insights (models, theories, tools) to be able to add and extract value from real sets of heterogeneous data. Education focuses on the skills and scientific knowledge most relevant for tomorrow's data scientist. The DSC/e will operate in close collaboration with other stakeholders and will make optimal use of its geographical location in the Brainport region.
W. Bruce C Bailey: The Art of Art CollectingDave Wilkin
W. Bruce C. Bailey is a Canadian investment banker, lawyer, farmer, art collector and arts patron. Bailey has collected Canadian and international contemporary art in all media and genres for the past 30 years. He founded the first arts incubator in Canada (2000—2010) dedicated to launching Canadian art careers as well as initiating the first Canadian exhibitions for international artists Jake and Dinos Chapman, Peter Doig and Tony Matelli.
With an introduction by Mary-Dailey Desmarais, Curator of International Modern Art at Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal/ The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, this talk will provide insight into art collecting for both the novice and the experienced art collector illustrated with Bailey’s personal experiences in the art world. Following the lecture, Desmarais and Bailey will engage in conversation about their mutual experiences in collecting contemporary art. The lecture will be followed by a reception co-hosted by Desmarais and Bailey at The Power Plant.
Mary-Dailey Desmarais is a curator, art historian and collector. She received her PhD from Yale in 2015 and now works as a guest curator at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
Work in confined spaces present a number of unseen risks & can be extremely hazardous. This presentation details all of the precautions required to reduce these risks to an acceptable level and allow work to be carried out safely.
A confined space training PowerPoint covering the basics including a definition of a confined space, ventilation, gas monitoring, rescue and retrieval and more.
The presentation prepares technicians on the need to follow the right laws and principles of working in confined space. Safety and health implications of confined space. Equipment and devices required to work in a confined space.
The objective of this module is to
Identify difficult interpersonal situations
Learn how to initiate and close conversations in difficult situations
Minimize destructive conversations
Develop precise questions to conduct a skillful conversation.
Engage in open and productive conversations
It is the process of considering alternative capital projects and selecting those alternatives that provide the most profitable return on available funds.
Examples of capital projects include land, buildings, equipment and other major fixed asset items.
What is a measurement and what measurement is not
What is uncertainty of measurement?
Error versus uncertainty
Why is uncertainty of measurement important?
Basic statistics on sets of numbers
The general kinds of uncertainty in any measurement
For a free course, visit - www.theapprentiice.com
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
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What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
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➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
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➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
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Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
2. INTRODUCTION
If you are required to construct or
work in a :
BOILER , CUPOLA , DEGREASER,
FURNACE, PIPELINE,PIT,PUMPING
STATION,REACTION OR PROCESS
VESSEL,SEPTIC TANK,SEWAGE
DIGESTER,SEWER,SILO,STORAGE
TANK,SHIP’S HOLD,UTILITY VAULT
or similar type enclosure,
You are working in a confined space
www.theapprentiice.com
3. How Can you Identify a Confined
Space?
• Limited openings for entry
and exit
• Unfavorable natural
ventilation
• Not designed for continuous
worker occupancy
www.theapprentiice.com
4. Limited openings for entry and exit:
• Confined space openings are limited primarily by
size or location.
• Openings are usually small in size , perhaps as
small as 18 inches in diameter, and are difficult to
move through easily.
• In some cases openings may be very large , for
example open-topped spaces may require the
use of ladders, hoists, or other devices, and
escape from such areas may be very difficult in
emergency situations.
www.theapprentiice.com
5. Unfavorable natural ventilation:
• No free movement of air
• Deadly gases may be trapped
inside
• Not enough or
• The air could be so oxygen-rich
that it is likely to increase the
chance of fire or explosion if a
source of ignition is present
www.theapprentiice.com
6. Not designed for continuous worker
occupancy:
• Most confined spaces are not designed for
workers to enter and work in them on a routine
basis.
• They are designed to store a product, enclose
materials and processes, or transport products or
substances.
• Therefore, occasional worker entry for inspection,
maintenance, repair, clean up, or similar tasks is
often difficult and dangerous due to chemical or
physical hazards within the space.
•
www.theapprentiice.com
7. What are the Hazards Involved in
Entering and working in Confined
Spaces
www.theapprentiice.com
8. • Oxygen-deficient atmospheres,
• Flammable atmospheres, and / or
• Toxic atmospheres.
Hazards Involved in Entering and working in
Confined Spaces
www.theapprentiice.com
9. OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES:
Less than 19.5% available oxygen (O2)
The oxygen level in a confined space can decrease
because of
• work being done, such as welding, cutting, or brazing;
or, it can be decreased by certain chemical reactions
(rusting) or through bacterial action (fermentation).
• Oxygen is displaced by another gas, such as carbon
dioxide or nitrogen.
• Total displacement of oxygen by another gas, such as
carbon dioxide, will result in unconsciousness, followed
by death.
www.theapprentiice.com
10. FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES:
• Two things make an atmosphere flammable:
1) the oxygen in air; and
2)a flammable gas, vapor, or dust in the proper mixture.
• Different gases have different flammable ranges. If a source
of ignition is introduced into a space containing a
flammable atmosphere , an explosion will result.
• An oxygen-enriched atmosphere (above 21%) will cause
flammable materials , such as clothing and hair, to burn
violently when ignited.
www.theapprentiice.com
11. TOXIC ATMOSPHERES:
• Most substances should be
considered hazardous in a confined
space. Toxic substances can come
from the following:
– The product stored in the space:
The product can be absorbed into
the walls and give off toxic gases
when removed or when cleaning out
the residue of a stored product, toxic
gases can be given off. Example:
www.theapprentiice.com
12. Actions to taken / Preparation before
entering a confined space
www.theapprentiice.com
14. VENTILATION
• Ventilation by a blower or fan may be
necessary to remove harmful gases and
vapors from a confined space.
• Under certain conditions where
flammable gases or vapors have
displaced the oxygen level, but are too
rich to burn, forced air ventilation may
dilute them until they are within the
explosive range.
• If inert gases(e.g. carbon dioxide ,
nitrogen , argon) are used in the
confined space, the space should be well
ventilated and re-tested before a worker
may enter. www.theapprentiice.com
15. ISOLATION
Isolation of a confined space is a process
where the space is removed from service
by:
• Locking out - Electrical sources , preferably
at disconnect switches remote from the
equipment.
• Blanking and bleeding- Pneumatic and
hydraulic lines
• Disconnecting - Belt and chain drives ,
and mechanical linkages on shaft – driven
equipment where possible and
• Securing Mechanical moving parts within
confined spaces with latches , chains,
blocks
www.theapprentiice.com
16. RESPIRATORS
• Respirators are devices that can allow workers to
safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or
particles. Two basic types are air-purifying, which
filter dangerous substances from the air, and air-
supplying, which deliver a supply of safe breathing
air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby.
• ONLY AIR- SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS SHOULD BE
USED IN CONFINED SPACES WHERE THERE IS NOT
ENOUGH OXYGEN.
• Selecting the proper respirator for the job, the
hazard, and the person is very important , as is
thorough training in the use and limitations of
respirators.
www.theapprentiice.com
17. STANDBY/RESCUE
• A standby person should be assigned to remain on the outside
of the confined space and be in constant contact (visual or
speech) with the workers inside.
• Over 50% of the workers who die in confined spaces are
attempting to rescue other workers. Rescuers must be trained
in and follow established emergency procedures and use
appropriate equipment and techniques
• Rescue should be well planned and drills should be frequently
conducted on emergency procedures.
• Unplanned rescue, such as when someone instinctively rushes
in to help a downed co-worker, can easily result in a double
fatality, or even multiple fatalities if there are more than one
would – be rescuers.
www.theapprentiice.com
18. GENERAL / PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• TEMPERATURE EXTREMES:
Extremely hot or cold temperatures can present
problems for workers. For example , if the space
has been steamed , it should be allowed to cool
before any entry is made.
• ENGULFMENT HAZARDS:
Lose , granular material stored in bins and
hoppers , such as grain , sand, coal or similar
material , can engulf and suffocate a worker. The
loose material can crust or bridge over in a bin
and break loose under the weight of a worker.
www.theapprentiice.com
19. GENERAL / PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• NOISE:
Noise within a confined space can be amplified because of the
design and acoustic properties of the space. Excessive noise can not
only damage hearing, but can also affect communication, such as
causing a shouted warning to go unheard.
• SLICK/WET SURFACES:
Slips and falls can occur on a wet surface causing injury or death to
workers. Also , a wet surface will increase the likelihood for and
effect of electric shock in areas where electrical circuits, equipment ,
and tools are used.
• FALLING OBJECTS :
Workers in confined spaces should be mindful of the possibility of
falling objects, particularly in spaces which have topside openings
for entry , and where work is being done above the worker.www.theapprentiice.com
21. TESTING
• Are the instruments used in atmospheric testing properly
calibrated?
• Was the atmosphere in the confined space tested?
• Was oxygen at least 19.5% - not more than 21%?
• Were toxic , flammable, or oxygen – displacing gases / vapors
present?
• Hydrogen Sulfide
• Carbon Monoxide
• Methane
• Carbon Dioxide
• Other (list) )______
www.theapprentiice.com
22. MONITORING
• Will the atmosphere in the space be monitored while
work is going on?
– Continuously ?
– Periodically? (If yes , give
interval:________________________)
• REMEMBER – ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OCCUR DUE
TO THE WORK
• PROCEDURE OR THE PRODUCT STORED.THE
ATMOSPHERE MAY BE SAFE
• WHEN YOU ENTER, BUT CAN CHANGE VERY QUICKLY.
www.theapprentiice.com
23. CLEANING
• Has the space been cleaned before
entry is made?
• Was the space steamed?
• If so , was it allowed to cool?
www.theapprentiice.com
24. VENTILATION
• Has the space been ventilated before entry?
• Will ventilation be continued during entry?
• Is the air intake for the ventilation system
located in an area that is free of combustible
dusts and vapors and toxic substances?
• If atmosphere was found unacceptable and
then ventilated, was it re-tested before
entry?
www.theapprentiice.com
25. ISOLATION
• Has the space been isolated from other systems?
• Has electrical equipment been locked out?
• Have disconnects been used where possible?
• Has mechanical equipment been blocked , chocked, and
disengaged where necessary?
• Have lines under pressure been blanked and bled ?
www.theapprentiice.com
26. CLOTHING / EQUIPMENT
• Is special clothing required (boots, chemical suits, glasses, etc.)?
(If so , specify : ______________________________________)
• Is special equipment required (e.g.. rescue equipment,
communications equipment ,etc.)?
(If so , specify :_________________________________)
• Are special tools required (e.g., sparkproof)?
(If so , specify :_______________________________)
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27. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
• Are approved respirators of the type required available at the
worksite?
• Is respiratory protection required (e.g., air – purifying
,supplied air, self – contained breathing apparatus etc.)?
• (If so , specify type :
_______________________________________)
• Can you get through the opening with a respirator on ? (If you
don’t know , find out before you try to enter.)www.theapprentiice.com
28. TRAINING
• Have you been trained in proper use of a
respirator?
• Have you received first aid / CPR training ?
• Have you been trained in confined space entry and
do you know what to look for?
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29. STANDBY/ RESCUE
• Will there be a standby person on the outside in constant visual or auditory
communication with the person on the inside?
• Will the standby person be able to see and / or hear the person inside at all times?
• Has the standby person(s) been trained in rescue procedures?
• Will safety lines and harness be required to remove a person?
• Are company rescue procedures available to be followed in the event of an
emergency?
• Are you familiar with emergency rescue procedures?
• Do you know who to notify and how in the event of an emergency?www.theapprentiice.com
30. WORK PERMIT
The work permit is an authorization in writing that states
that the space has been tested by a qualified person, that
the space is safe for entry ; what precautions, equipment ,
etc. are required; and what work is to be done.
• Has a confined space entry permit been issued?
• Does the permit include a list of emergency telephone
numbers?
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31. Summary
• What is a confined space?
• Hazards of entering and working in Confined
Spaces
• Actions to taken / Preparation before entering
a confined space
• Checklist prior to commencing work in a
confined space
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32. FOR ONLINE COURSES ON EHS,
PLEASE VISIT
www.theapprentiice.com
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Welcome to the training on Safety in Confined Space by the Apprentice. We appreciate that you have taken this course from our Library. Please provide us with feedback at the end of the program that helps us in continuous improvement.
Hello, I am Ryan and I will take you through this session on Confined Space.
A confined space found in the workplace may have a combination of these three characteristics:
Limited openings for entry and exit ;
Unfavorable natural ventilation;
Not designed for continuous worker occupancy;
These can complicate working in and around these spaces as well as rescue operations during emergencies. If a survey of your working area identifies one or more work spaces with the characteristics listed above.
Let’s understand these in a bit more detail.
So, what is meant by Limited opening for entry and exit, let’s see …
Confined space openings are limited primarily by size or location. Openings are usually small in size , perhaps as small as 18 inches in diameter, and are difficult to move through easily. Small openings may make it very difficult to get needed equipment in or out of the spaces, especially protective equipment such as respirators needed for entry into spaces with hazardous atmospheres, or life – saving equipment when rescue is needed. However , in some cases openings may be very large , for example open-topped spaces may require the use of ladders, hoists, or other devices, and escape from such areas may be very difficult in emergency situations.
Next, let’s understand what is meant by Unfavorable natural ventilation. Because air may not move in and out of confined spaces freely due to the design, the atmosphere inside a confined space can be very different from the atmosphere outside. Deadly gases may be trapped inside, particularly if the space is used to store or process chemicals or organic substances which may decompose. There may not be enough oxygen inside the confined space to support life, or the air could be so oxygen-rich that it is likely to increase the chance of fire or explosion if a source of ignition is present
What do we mean by this - Not designed for continuous worker occupancy.
It means that these places are are not designed for workers to enter and work in them on a routine basis.
They are designed to store a product, enclose materials and processes, or transport products or substances.
Therefore, occasional worker entry for inspection, maintenance, repair, clean up, or similar tasks is often difficult and dangerous due to chemical or physical hazards within the space.
So, what are the hazards of entering and working in Confined Spaces?
As mentioned, the atmosphere in a confined space may be extremely hazardous because of the lack of natural air movement. This characteristic of confined spaces can result in
Oxygen-deficient atmospheres,
Flammable atmospheres, and / or
Toxic atmospheres.
Let’s delve into these issues a little more.
An oxygen-deficient atmosphere has less than 19.5% available oxygen (O2) . Any atmosphere with less than 19.5% oxygen should not be entered without an approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
The oxygen level in a confined space can decrease because of work being done, such as welding,cutting, or brazing; or,it can be decreased by certain chemical reactions (rusting) or through bacterial action (fermentation).
The oxygen level is also decreased if oxygen is displaced by another gas, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
Total displacement of oxygen by another gas, such as carbon dioxide, will result in unconsciousness, followed by death.
Two things make an atmosphere flammable:
1. the oxygen in air; and
2. a flammable gas, vapor,or dust in the proper mixture.
Different gases have different flammable ranges. If a source of ignition (e.g., a sparkling or electrical tool) is introduced into a space containing a flammable atmosphere , an explosion will result.
An oxygen-enriched atmosphere (above 21%) will cause flammable materials , such as clothing and hair, to burn violently when ignited. Therefore, never use pure oxygen to ventilate a confined space. Ventilate with normal air
What are TOXIC ATMOSPHERES ?
Most substances (liquids, vapors, gases, mists, solid materials and dusts) should be considered hazardous in a confined space. Toxic substances can come from the following:
The product stored in the space:
The product can be absorbed into the walls and give off toxic gases when removed or when cleaning out the residue of a stored product, toxic gases can be given off. Example: Removal of sludge from a tank decomposed material can give off deadly hydrogen sulfide gas.
Let’s now see what actions should be taken before entering a confined space.
First thing to do is to test the atmosphere.
It is important to understand that some gases or vapors are heavier than air and will settle to the bottom of a confined space. Also, some gases are lighter than air and will be found around the top of the confined space. Therefore, it is necessary to test all areas (top, middle, bottom) of a confined space with properly calibrated testing instruments to determine what gases are present. If testing reveals oxygen-deficiency, or the presence of toxic gases or vapors, the space must be ventilated and re-tested before workers enter. If ventilation is not possible and entry is necessary (for emergency rescue , for example) , workers must have appropriate respiratory protection.
NEVER TRUST YOUR SENSES
TO DETERMINE
IF THE AIR IN A CONFINED SPACE IS SAFE
YOU CAN NOT SEE OR SMELL
MANY TOXIC GASES AND VAPORS
NOR CAN YOU DETERMINE
THE LEVEL OF OXYGEN PRESENT
Ventilation by a blower or fan may be necessary to remove harmful gases and vapors from a confined space. There are several methods for ventilating a confined space. The method and equipment chosen are dependent upon the size of the confined space openings, the gases to be exhausted (e.g., are they flammable?), and the sources of makeup air.
Under certain conditions where flammable gases or vapors have displaced the oxygen level, but are too rich to burn, forced air ventilation may dilute them until they are within the explosive range. Also , if inert gases(e.g. carbon dioxide , nitrogen , argon) are used in the confined space, the space should be well ventilated and re-tested before a worker may enter.
A common method of ventilation requires a large hose, one end attached to a fan and the other lowered in to a manhole or opening. For example, a manhole would have the ventilating hose run to the bottom to blow out all harmful gases and vapors. The air intake should be placed in an area that will draw in fresh air only. Ventilation should be continuous where possible , because in many confined spaces the hazardous atmosphere will form again when the flow of air is stopped
Isolation of a confined space is a process where the space is removed from service by:
Locking out
Electrical sources , preferably at disconnect switches remote from the equipment.
Blanking and bleeding
Pneumatic and hydraulic lines
Disconnecting
Belt and chain drives , and mechanical linkages on shaft – driven equipment where possible and
Securing
Mechanical moving parts within confined spaces with latches , chains, blocks
Respirators are devices that can allow workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or particles. Two basic types are air-purifying, which filter dangerous substances from the air, and air-supplying, which deliver a supply of safe breathing air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby.
ONLY AIR- SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS SHOULD BE USED IN CONFINED SPACES WHERE THERE IS NOT ENOUGH OXYGEN.
Selecting the proper respirator for the job, the hazard, and the person is very important , as is thorough training in the use and limitations of respirators.
A standby person should be assigned to remain on the outside of the confined space and be in constant contact (visual or speech) with the workers inside. The standby person should not have any other duties but to serve as standby and know who should be notified in case of emergency. Standby personnel should not enter a confined space until help arrives, and then only with proper protective equipment , life lines , and respirators.
Over 50% of the workers who die in confined spaces are attempting to rescue other workers. Rescuers must be trained in and follow established emergency procedures and use appropriate equipment and techniques (lifelines , respiratory protection, standby persons,etc.). Steps for safe rescue should be included in all confined space entry procedures. Rescue should be well planned and drills should be frequently conducted on emergency procedures.
Unplanned rescue, such as when someone instinctively rushes in to help a downed co-worker, can easily result in a double fatality, or even multiple fatalities if there are more than one would – be rescuers.
REMEMBER : AN UNPLANNED RESCUE WILL PROBABLY BE YOUR LAST.
GENERAL / PHYSICAL HAZARDS
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES:
Extremely hot or cold temperatures can present problems for workers. For example , if the space has been steamed , it should be allowed to cool before any entry is made.
ENGULFMENT HAZARDS:
Lose , granular material stored in bins and hoppers , such as grain , sand, coal or similar material , can engulf and suffocate a worker. The loose material can crust or bridge over in a bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.
NOISE:
Noise within a confined space can be amplified because of the design and acoustic properties of the space. Excessive noise can not only damage hearing, but can also affect communication, such as causing a shouted warning to go unheard.
SLICK/WET SURFACES:
Slips and falls can occur on a wet surface causing injury or death to workers. Also , a wet surface will increase the likelihood for and effect of electric shock in areas where electrical circuits, equipment , and tools are used.
FALLING OBJECTS :
Workers in confined spaces should be mindful of the possibility of falling objects, particularly in spaces which have topside openings for entry , and where work is being done above the worker.
Here is the check-list for monitoring .
CLEANING checks
Has the space been cleaned before entry is made?
Was the space steamed?
If so , was it allowed to cool?
VENTILATION
Has the space been ventilated before entry?
Will ventilation be continued during entry?
Is the air intake for the ventilation system located in an area that is free of combustible dusts and vapors and toxic substances?
If atmosphere was found unacceptable and then ventilated, was it re-tested before entry?
ISOLATION
Has the space been isolated from other systems?
Has electrical equipment been locked out?
Have disconnects been used where possible?
Has mechanical equipment been blocked , chocked, and disengaged where necessary?
Have lines under pressure been blanked and bled ?
Here is a checklist for CLOTHING / EQUIPMENT , please go thru it.
Here is a checklist for RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Please read the checklist for TRAINING
Here is a checklist with regard to STANDBY/ RESCUE
Work PERMIT
The permit is an authorization in writing that states that the space has been tested by a qualified person, that the space is safe for entry ; what precautions, equipment , etc. are required; and what work is to be done.
Check - Has a confined space entry permit been issued?
Does the permit include a list of emergency telephone numbers?
In fact the checks mentioned in previous slides can be part of Work-Permit Issuance. And, work in confined space must not begin without a authorized person has issued a work-permit.
Let’s summarize what we have learnt. We have learnt
What is a confined space?
Hazards of entering and working in Confined Spaces
Actions to taken / Preparation before entering a confined space
Checklist prior to commencing work in a confined space.
Next is small quiz for you …