The document discusses the integration of embedded systems in modern automobiles, highlighting their transition from mechanical to electronic components. It covers various applications such as airbag systems, navigation, adaptive cruise control, automatic parking, and tire pressure monitoring, detailing their functionality and benefits. The conclusion emphasizes the significant impact of these systems on automobile design and manufacturing, marking a revolutionary change in the industry.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN CAR
PRESENTED BY- G.V.PRIYANKA

2. INTRODUCTION
 In automotive systems more and more
equipment are being changed from the
mechanical systems to electronic
systems. Embedded system is the heart
of a vehicle’s electronic system because
of its versatility and flexibility.
 Today, a typical automobile on the road
has computer controlled electronic
systems, and the most commonly
used embedded systems in a vehicle
include Airbags, anti-lock braking
system, black box, adaptive cruise
control, drive by wire, satellite radio,
telematics, emission control, traction
control, automatic parking, in-vehicle
entertainment systems, night vision,
heads up display, back up collision
sensors, navigational systems, tyre
pressure monitor, climate control, etc.

3. EMBEDDED AIRBAG SYSTEM
 It’s an important safety device that provides
extra protection against head-on-crush for the
front seat occupants. This system works on the
commands from the micro-controller. The
controller of this system gets the power from
battery. If the sensors detect accident, this
micro-controller operates the airbag system by
operating alternator

4. EMBEDDED NAVIGATION SYSTEM
 Another advancement of the
embedded system in automobiles is
the navigational system using GPS
system. This navigational system
consists of an embedded circuitry built
with a GPS receiver, a gyroscope, a
DVD-ROM, main controller and a
display system as shown in the figure.
 The GPS receiver receives the current
longitude and latitude values that are
compared with the stored map. The
Gyroscope and other sensors provide
the road direction and speed. From all
the information gathered at the main
controller, the display system displays
a navigation or route map of the
destination in the display screen.

5. ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (A.C.C.)
 The innovation of the embedded system used in automobiles
is Adaptive cruise Control technology. By using this
technology we can also make driverless vehicle control in a
reality and many automobile manufacturers are also already
engaged in work on these concepts.
 This adaptive cruise control allows cars to keep safe distances
from other vehicles on the busy highway roads. The driver of
the car can set the speed of his vehicle and the distance
between his car and other vehicles. When the traffic slows
down, ACC changes vehicle speed using moderate braking.
 Each car has a laser transceiver or a microwave radar unit
which is fixed in front of the car to find out the speed and
distance of the any other vehicle in the pathway. This is works
on the principle of Doppler Effect; it is nothing but change in
frequency of the waves.

6. ACC

7. EMBEDDED RAIN SENSING SYSTEM
 This system to automate the wiper
system having no need for manual
intervention. For this purpose we use
rain sensor along with microcontroller
and driver IC to drive the wiper motor.
This system uses rain sensor to detect
rain, this signal is then processed by
microcontroller to take the desired
action.
 The rain sensor works on the principle
of using water for completing its circuit,
so when rain falls on it it’s circuit gets
completed and sends out a signal to
the microcontroller. The microcontroller
now processes this data and drives the
motor IC to perform required action.
The motor driver IC now drives a
servomotor to simulate as a car wiper

8. EMBEDDED BASED AUTOMATIC PARKING SYSTEM
 This automatic parking system is an independent
car manipulation system that moves a car from
traffic lane into a parking spot to perform the
parallel parking, perpendicular parking and angle
parking.
 This system mainly uses different methods to
detect objects around the car. Sensors installed
on the front of the vehicle and rear bumpers acts
as both a transmitter and a receiver.
 These sensors send a signal that will be
replicated back when it meets an obstacle near
the vehicle, and then the carputer will receives
the time signal and bumper will use the radar to
decide the position of the obstacle.
 The car will sense the parking space and
distance from the side of the road then drive the
car into the parking place.

9. AUTOMATIC NIGHT VISION
 An automotive night vision system uses
a thermographic camera to increase
a driver's perception and seeing distance in
darkness or poor weather beyond the reach of the
vehicle's headlights. Such systems are offered as
optional equipment on certain premium vehicles.
The first introduction was in 2000 on cardillac
deville.

10. TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
 A tire-pressure monitoring
system (TPMS) is an electronic system
designed to monitor the air pressure inside
the pneumatic tires on various types of
vehicles.
 TPMS report real-time tire-pressure
information to the driver of the vehicle, either
via a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple
low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be
divided into two different types – direct
(dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).
 TPMS are provided both at an OEM
(factory) level as well as an aftermarket
solution. The target of a TPMS is avoiding
traffic accidents, poor fuel economy, and
increased tire wear due to under-inflated
tires through early recognition of a
hazardous state of the tires.

11. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT CLUSTER
 In an automobile, an electronic instrument
cluster, digital instrument panel or digital
dash for short, is a set of instrumentation,
including the speedometer, that is displayed
with a digital readout rather than with the
traditional analog gauges. Many refer to it
simply as a digital speedometer.

12. HEAD-UP-DISPLAY
 An automotive HUD projects a virtual
image on a windshield, which is
usually specially treated, or on a
combiner. This virtual image is often
projected such that it appears near
the center of the driver's visual field,
approximately at the end of the
automobile's hood. The image is
usually fairly small, covering only a
few degrees of the driver's visual
field.
 Automotive HUDs are used to
display a variety of information to
drivers, typically speedometer and
warning-light information.
 A head-up-display that lets drivers
use navigation and their phones
without taking their eyes

13. Parking Sensor
 Parking sensors are proximity
sensors for road vehicles designed to
alert the driver to obstacles while
parking. These systems use either
electromagnetic or ultrasonic sensors.

14. Emission Control
 Emission control system, in automobiles,
means employed to limit the discharge of
noxious gases from the internal-combustion
engine and other components. There are
three main sources of these gases:

15. APPLICATONS:-
 Vehicle systems for automobiles, subways, aircraft,
railways and ships.
 Traffic control for highways, airspace, railway tracks
and shipping lanes.
 Process control for power plants, chemical plants and
consumer products such as soft drinks and beer.
 Medical systems for radiation therapy, patient
monitoring and defibrillation
 Military uses such as firing weapons, tracking and
command and control.
 Manufacturing systems with robots.
 Telephone, radio and satellite communications.
 Computer games.

16. CONCLUSION:-
Thus, the modern days embedded
systems have marked a revolutionary
change in every aspect of the
automobile designing and
manufacturing processes because of
their adaptability and flexibility.

18. QUERRIES