The document is a beginner's guide to using electronic measurement devices including digital multimeters, function generators, and oscilloscopes. It explains the functions, appearance, and operation of each device, providing detailed steps to measure voltage, current, resistance, and waveform characteristics. Each device's features, like connection methods and settings adjustments, are illustrated for effective usage.

1. Electronic
Measurement
Beginner’s Guide
By: Karim El-Rayes

2. How to use Digital
Multimeter (DMM)
beginners manual to use Digital Multimeter

3. What is Digital Multimeter DMM
DMM is a device used in electronic measurement
and troubleshooting electronic Circuits, this device
can perform these Functions:
1. Voltmeter: to measure signal voltage (for AC &DC).
2. Ammeter: to measure electrical current (for AC &
DC).
3. Ohmmeter: to measure resistance value.
4. Diode tester: to test diodes and define diode
terminals (cathode and anode).
5. Short circuit tester: to determine wire continuity or
wire’s connectivity.

4. How DMM looks like

5. Remember
Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the load to be
measured the voltage across it.
Ammeter is connected in series with the load to measure
the current passing through it.
Ohmmeter & Diode tester are connected in parallel with
the load.

6. DMM switches (type 1)
DC voltmeter
Rotary switch
Ohmmeter
Diode tester
DC ammeter
AC voltmeter
DC ammeter for
high current
Probes
places
Short circuit tester

7. DMM switches (type 2)
Continuity (Short
circuit) tester
Ohmmeter
Voltmeter
Diode tester
DC ammeter
DC ammeter
for high current
Probes places
Rotary switch

8. DMM probes
Connect red
probe here for
High DC
current
measure
Black probe
always connected
to the common of
the device.
Connect red probe here to
use M, VM, low current
DC ammeter, diode tester.
To the
circuit
To the
circuit

9. How to use it
Choose the device you want to use through the
rotary switch (choose DC voltmeter, AC voltmeter,
DC ammeter…,etc).
Be aware the range of current, voltage or
resistance you are measuring, choose the suitable
range where your results is below this range,
e.g.: if you want to measure DC voltage equals to
5 volts then choose the 20 volts range switch on
the DMM.

10. Example
Measuring current passing
through the resistor.
Resistor
Battery
Enjoy your results ☺

11. How to use
function generator
beginners guide to use function generator

12. What is a “function generator” ?
Function generator is an electronic device
used to generate various AC signals
waveforms (square, triangle, ramp, sine
waves…etc) with known amplitude and
frequency for the process of testing and
troubleshooting for electronic systems.

13. What the “function generator” does ?
Function generator, from its name, generates electrical
signals functions, or what we call it AC signals, like the
following signals:

14. Hint
However function generator generate definite or known functions, some
types of function generators can generate random signals (like noise) with
unknown amplitude or frequency or sweep signal with variable frequency
within a certain range.
Sweep signal

15. How function generator looks like

16. Function generator switches
Output frequency display Power On/Off
Frequency range buttons
Function selector buttons
Amplitude tuning switch
Output port
(BNC connector)
Frequency tuning switch
Frequency fine
tuning switch

17. Function generator connector
Enjoy your signal ☺☺☺☺

18. How to use oscilloscope
beginners’ manual to use Oscilloscope

19. What is “oscilloscope”?
Oscilloscope is an electronic measurement
device used to view electrical signals
waveforms, commonly used with AC
(Alternating current) Signals, however it can
also display DC signals.
Also used to identify the signal frequency
and amplitude level.

20. How oscilloscope looks like ?

21. How waveforms look like on the
Oscilloscope display

22. Oscilloscope switches
Signal input channel 1 Signal input channel 2
Time/division switch
Volt/division for channel 1 Volt/division for channel 2
On/Off switch
Display
Screen focus and intensity

23. Time/division and volt/division switches
Volt/division switch Time/division switch

24. Oscilloscope connectors

25. How to use it (1)
Step 1: press the On/Off switch to switch
ON the oscilloscope.
Step 2: connect the circuit to the Oscilloscope.
Step 3: press “auto set” button (if found) to get
your signal Clear.

26. How to use it (2)

27. How it works (1)
The input voltage is displayed on the oscilloscope
display on the “X” and “Y” axis.
The X-axes is called Time/Division axes, every square
on the display in the X-axes represent the time or duration
of the signal, e.g.: if square wave signal appear take 4
square blocks on the X-axes, and each block is equal to 5
millisecond then the whole cycle = 4 x 5 millisecond = 20
millisecond. The duration of each square block is calibrated
from a switch called (Time/Division).

28. How it works (2)
The Y-axes square blocks represent the
voltage amplitude of the signal, each square is
represent a voltage value and this is calibrated
through a switch called (volt/division).
e.g.: if the a square wave signal occupy a
6 square blocks on the Y-axes and each block is
equal to 1 volt then the peak to peak amplitude of
the signal = 1 volt x 6 = 6 volts.
The oscilloscope is connected like the voltmeter,
i.e. in parallel with

29. Example:
Square Waveform on the oscilloscope display
Every vertical
square block
represents
voltage
amplitude
(volt/division)
Every
horizontal
square block
represents
time the wave
occur in it
(time/division)
One complete cycle
Peak to
Peak
voltage

30. Example (continue):
If the time/division switch is calibrated on 1 millisecond/division
and the volt/division switch is Calibrated on 5 volts/division,
then:
For one complete cycle it takes two divisions (two horizontal
square blocks), and it take from peak to peak amplitude two
divisions (two vertical square blocks), then:
The whole duration of the waveform =
1ms/division x 2 = 2 millisecond.
The signal voltage = 5 volt/division x 2 = 10 volts.
Enjoy your signal ☺