This document discusses various electronic components that are commonly found in electronic circuits. It describes active components like transistors that supply and control energy, and passive components like resistors and capacitors that either dissipate or store energy in response to electric currents. It then provides details on important electronic parts such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, fuses, switches, transformers, integrated circuits, relays, thermistors, photocouplers, thyristors, and flyback transformers. It explains their basic functions and how to test some of these components.

1. ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

2. There are various basic electronic
components which are commonly
found in different circuits of
peripherals. In many circuits, these
components are used to build the
circuit, which are classified into two
categories such as active
components and passive
components.

3. Active components - are nothing
but, a component which supplies
and controls energy.
Passive components - can be
defined as, a component
which responds to the flow of
electrical energy and either
dissipates or store energy.

4. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

5. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

7. Resistor
A resistor is an
electrical component
that restricts the flow
of current in the
circuit.

8. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

11. Resistor handling and installation
Resistors are not polarized and
maybe installed in either direction.
Mechanical stress due to lead
bending should be minimized.

12. a. Read the indicated color code on the
resistor. If the resistor can't be read due
to discoloration or burnt body, replace it
with the same resistance and wattage as
schematic diagram illustrates.

13. b. Calibrate the ohmmeter.
c. Set the Multi-tester to ohmmeter range:
x1, x10, x1K, x10K, etc., depending on the
resistance value. Probably higher ranges
first until you have a clear reading.
Place the test probe to the two terminal
lead of the resistor as shown above. Don't
touch the both test probe lead
simultaneously while testing. But holding
just one test probe lead is OK.

14. Good Resistor
The meter reading should be close to the
rated value of the resistor depending on
the tolerance of the resistor.
Defective Resistor
The tester pointer does not deflect at all.
The Resistor is OPEN.
The resistance reading has big difference
to the resistor rated value. The resistor is
OUT OF TOLERANCE

15. Inductor
An inductor or coil
or a reactor is a
two-terminal
passive electrical
component. The
main function of
an inductor is that
it stores electrical
energy in the form
of magnetic
energy.

16. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

17. Capacitor
is a two terminal linear
passive component which is
made from two conductive
plates with an insulator
between them. The main
function of a capacitor is
that it stores electrical
energy when an electric
charge is forced onto its
terminals from a power
source.

18. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

19. TESTING CAPACITOR
1.Discharged the energy stored to
capacitor by shorting the two terminal
lead momentarily.
2. Set the multi-tester ohmmeter range.
Capacitance Range
0.01uF to 1uF x10k
1uF to 47u F x1k
47 uF to 1000 uF x10
1000 uF and above x1

20. 3. Connect
the positive
probe to the
capacitor
negative
lead and the
negative
probe to
capacitor
positive lead

21. Diode
is a device, which is
made from semiconductor
material that allows
current to flow in one
direction; it blocks the
current which tries to go
against the flow in a wire.
These devices are often
used in many electronic
circuits that convert AC to
DC.

22. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

23. Transistor
A semiconductor
device used to
amplify and
switch electronic
circuit, signal
and electrical
power

24. ELECTRONIC PARTS,
COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES

25. Fuse
Protect the
circuit against
excessive or
Abnormal
current and
against
short circuit

27. Switch
Used to close
or connect the
circuit or open
or to isolate
the circuit

28. Transformer
Convert a lower
AC voltage to a
higher AC voltage
(step-up), and
convert a higher
voltage to a lower
voltage (step-
down).

29. Open transformer winding can be the result
of poor solder joints/ broken connection.
Shorts transformer winding occur between
windings or between the coil and its core
(burned insulation, discolored components.

31. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

32. Integrated Circuit
A set of electronic
circuits on one small
plate ("chip") of
semiconductor
material, normally
silicon. This can be
made much smaller
than a discrete circuit
made from
independent
components.

34. RELAY
Used where
one input is
required to
operate two or
more output

36. THERMISTOR
To stabilize the
temperature
of a circuits to
prevent
overheating

38. PHOTOCOUPLER
It can transfers
electrical signals
between two
isolated circuits by
using light. It
prevent
high voltage from
affecting the system
receiving the signal.

40. THYRISTOR
is a two- to four-lead
solid-state semiconductor
device with four layers of
alternating N and P-type
material. They act
exclusively as bi stable
switches, conducting
when their gate receives a
current trigger, and
continue to conduct while
they are forward biased

42. FLYBACK
TRANSFORMER
is a special type of electrical
transformer. It was initially
designed to generate high
voltage sawtooth signals at
a relatively high frequency.
In modern applications it is
used extensively in
switched-mode power
supplies for both low (3V)
and high voltage (over 10
kV) supplies.