The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which spans over 140 octaves from low frequencies like microwaves up to a theoretical maximum frequency called the Planck frequency of 2.95 x 1042 Hz. It follows a logarithmic spiral pattern with wavelength inversely proportional to frequency. The visible light spectrum detectable by the human eye ranges from 430-770 THz. The highest measured gamma cosmic ray had a frequency of around 1023 Hz.

1. Electromagnetic spectrum
• Wavelength, frequency and energy of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Maximum theoretical vacuum cut-off frequency corresponds to the Planck
frequency (fP = 2.95 x 1042 Hz).

2. Logarithmic spiral
• Hyperbolic energy spiral of of frequency vs. wavelength. Diagonal lines
represent Fibonacci Phi F damping ratios.

3. Logarithmic (Hyperbolic) frequency spiral
• Scaling of frequency & wavelength of matter and energy follows
a logarithmic spiral progression.

4. • The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude
with no definite upper or lower limit. Visible wavelengths range from ~4.3x10-7 m (4,300 Å) to
6.9 x 10-7 m (6,900 Å) with peak eye sensitivity of ~5.55 x 10-7 m (5,550 Å).
• The visible light spectrum frequencies detectible by the human eye range from ~430 to 770 x 1012 Hz
(430-770 THz). The Sun’s blackbody spectrum corresponding to a temperature of 5777 oK peaks
at about 500 x 10-9 m (500 nm).
• Microwaves (1 mm – 1 meter wavelength) span 300 x 106 Hz (MHz) to 300 x 109 Hz (GHz).
X-rays (0.01 – 10 nm) span 30 x 1015 Hz (PHz) to 30 x1018 Hz (EHz). Gamma rays (< 0.01 nm)
have frequencies > 10 x 1018 Hz (EHz). The highest measured gamma cosmic ray frequency is
approx. 1023 Hz with a corresponding wavelength of 10-14 meters and energy of ~4 x 1011 eV.
• The electron Compton frequency nc is ~ 1.2356 x 1020 Hz or a corresponding angular frequency
wc ~7.7634 x 1020 rad/sec.
• The calculated Planck frequency fP is 2.952 x 1042 Hz or a corresponding angular frequency wP is
1.855 x 1043 rad/sec appears to represent an upper frequency cutoff limit of the vacuum.
Electromagnetic spectrum