Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation as stored energy in standing wave resonances.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
Matter in motion exhibits internal Lorentz-contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation in the form of a standing wave within a cavity resonator. Mass results from wave function interference obstructing energy flow. The de Broglie matter wave frequency equals the difference in red- and blue-shifted, counter-propagating traveling waves.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted, counter-propagating Lorentz-Doppler shifted traveling waves within a standing wave resonator by independent phase and frequency-controlled signal oscillators. Wave system velocity is proportional to wave phase difference while acceleration is proportional to frequency difference. Imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force without expulsion of reaction mass. Contracted moving standing waves may likewise be generated in a four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified synthesized Lorentz-Doppler pump beams interacting with a signal beam and phase conjugate. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of EM pump beam energy.using phase conjugation.
A freely-propagating photon in empty space (gravity-free, zero curvature vacuum) is described as a self-sustaining, helical, traveling wavepacket of quantized spin angular momentum moving at the speed of light. A photon is categorized as a stable, massless boson, having no electrical charge with spin angular momentum s = +/- hbar. The spin axis s is aligned with the direction of wave vector k in either the forward or backward direction depending on helicity.
The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude. The cutoff frequency of the vacuum is taken as the Planck frequency fsubP = 1.855E43 Hz
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent stored energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance made of quantized photons (spin 1 bosons). in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing wave resonances in the form of spin 1/2 fermions created from energetic photons.. Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
EM propulsion drive technology road map. Matter in motion exhibits internal Lorentz-contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz-Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-wave mixing process modulating a standing wave signal to generate a matter wave producing self-induced motion of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. A simplified impulse drive may be constructed with a standing wave cavity resonator excited by two-counter-propagating traveling waves with independent phase and frequency control.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation in standing wave resonances as stored energy.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic energy as stored energy in standing wave resonances.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
Light consists of photons, the quanta of electromagnetic fields, A freely-propagating photon in empty space (gravity-free, zero curvature vacuum) is described as a self-sustaining, helical traveling electromagnetic wave packet of quantized spin angular momentum moving at the speed of light. A photon is categorized as a stable, massless boson having no electrical charge with spin angular momentum s = +/-hbar. The spin axis is aligned with direction of the wave vector k in either the forward or backward direction depending on helicity.
The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude. The cutoff frequency of the vacuum is taken as the Planck frequency fsubP = 1.855E43 Hz.
A photon is a self-sustaining electromagnetic traveling spin wave disturbance is a polarizable vacuum. A photon is described as a spin 1 boson with helical geometry. A graviton represents a momentary resonance superposition of a photon and counter-propagating phase conjugate photon with additive spins. A graviton is described as a spin 2 boson with helicoid geometry with net zero linear momentum. Phase conjugation reflection occurs at EM wave front interference anti-nodes at Fresnel zone boundaries.
Matter in motion exhibits internal Lorentz-contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation in the form of a standing wave within a cavity resonator. Mass results from wave function interference obstructing energy flow. The de Broglie matter wave frequency equals the difference in red- and blue-shifted, counter-propagating traveling waves.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted, counter-propagating Lorentz-Doppler shifted traveling waves within a standing wave resonator by independent phase and frequency-controlled signal oscillators. Wave system velocity is proportional to wave phase difference while acceleration is proportional to frequency difference. Imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force without expulsion of reaction mass. Contracted moving standing waves may likewise be generated in a four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified synthesized Lorentz-Doppler pump beams interacting with a signal beam and phase conjugate. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of EM pump beam energy.using phase conjugation.
A freely-propagating photon in empty space (gravity-free, zero curvature vacuum) is described as a self-sustaining, helical, traveling wavepacket of quantized spin angular momentum moving at the speed of light. A photon is categorized as a stable, massless boson, having no electrical charge with spin angular momentum s = +/- hbar. The spin axis s is aligned with the direction of wave vector k in either the forward or backward direction depending on helicity.
The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude. The cutoff frequency of the vacuum is taken as the Planck frequency fsubP = 1.855E43 Hz
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent stored energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance made of quantized photons (spin 1 bosons). in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing wave resonances in the form of spin 1/2 fermions created from energetic photons.. Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
EM propulsion drive technology road map. Matter in motion exhibits internal Lorentz-contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz-Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-wave mixing process modulating a standing wave signal to generate a matter wave producing self-induced motion of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. A simplified impulse drive may be constructed with a standing wave cavity resonator excited by two-counter-propagating traveling waves with independent phase and frequency control.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation in standing wave resonances as stored energy.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic energy as stored energy in standing wave resonances.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
Light consists of photons, the quanta of electromagnetic fields, A freely-propagating photon in empty space (gravity-free, zero curvature vacuum) is described as a self-sustaining, helical traveling electromagnetic wave packet of quantized spin angular momentum moving at the speed of light. A photon is categorized as a stable, massless boson having no electrical charge with spin angular momentum s = +/-hbar. The spin axis is aligned with direction of the wave vector k in either the forward or backward direction depending on helicity.
The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude. The cutoff frequency of the vacuum is taken as the Planck frequency fsubP = 1.855E43 Hz.
A photon is a self-sustaining electromagnetic traveling spin wave disturbance is a polarizable vacuum. A photon is described as a spin 1 boson with helical geometry. A graviton represents a momentary resonance superposition of a photon and counter-propagating phase conjugate photon with additive spins. A graviton is described as a spin 2 boson with helicoid geometry with net zero linear momentum. Phase conjugation reflection occurs at EM wave front interference anti-nodes at Fresnel zone boundaries.
EM propulsion drive technology road map. Matter in motion exhibits internal Lorentz-contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz-Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-wave mixing process modulating a standing wave signal to generate a matter wave producing self-induced motion of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. A simplified impulse drive may be constructed with a standing wave cavity resonator excited by two-counter-propagating traveling waves with independent phase and frequency control.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving stationary standing waves (de Broglie waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation as stored energy in standing wave resonances.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
A photon is a self-sustaining, electromagnetic traveling spin wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. A photon is described as a spin 1 boson with helical geometry. A graviton represents a momentary resonance superposition of a photon and counter-propagating phase conjugate photon with net zero linear momentum. A graviton is described as a spin 2 boson with helicoid geometry with additive spins. Phase conjugation reflection occurs at EM wave front interference anti-nodes at Fresnel zone boundaries.
A geometrical model of the electron is shown as a closed-loop standing wave. The charge path is in the form of rotating Hopf link generating a toroidal swept surface with circumference equal to the Compton wavelength. A precessing epitrochoid charge path composed of two orthogonal spinors with toroidal & poloidal current loop components of 2:1 rotary octave resulting in observed 1/2 spin. Electric charge arises a result of a slight precession due to imbalance of electrostatic & magnetostatic energy characterized by a whirl no. equal to the inverse fine structure constant. Quantum mechanical description of electric & magnetic field lines at the Planck scale is depicted.
The universe exhibits a fundamental dualism of opposite pairings. The present degenerate state of duality provides a clue as to the preexisting state. The Big Bang explosion of duals of surreal infinite & infinitesimal pairings is illustrated as an unstable vacuum state catastrophe. The number of modal states and information bits increase from the initial unstable vacuum singularity. The formation of a polarizable vacuum is depicted as creation of positive & negative Planck masses with positive & negative energy density. Expansion of the universe is represented as nested Riemann spheres of complex Planck impedance analogous to a 3D Smith chart of complex electrical impedance. Nested Apollian spheres of n-multiples of the Schwarzschild radius exhibits bubble voids like "suds in the kitchen sink" mass accretion & contraction similar to that apparent in the universe at large.
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent stored energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum in the form of spin 1 bosons (photons). Matter consists of standing wave resonances in the form of spin 1/2 fermions created from energetic photons. Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, the quanta of electromagnetic fields. A freely-propagating photon in empty space (gravity-free, zero curvature vacuum) is described as a self-sustaining, helical traveling wave packet of quantized spin angular momentum moving at the speed of light. A photon is categorized as a stable, massless boson having no electric charge with spin angular momentum s = +/- hbar. The spin axis is aligned with the direction of wave vector k in either the forward or backward direction depending on helicity.
The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude. The cutoff frequency of the vacuum is taken as the Planck frequency fsubP = 1.855E43 Hz.
A dimensionless quantity described as a fundamental physical constant characterizing the coupling strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Introduced by Sommerfeld in 1916 to describe the spacing of splitting of spectral lines in multi-electron atoms, it is formed from four physical constants: electric charge, speed of light in vacuo, Planck's constant and electric permittivity of free space.
The inverse fine structure constant (=137.035999...) represents the spin precession whirl no. of the electron. The electron exhibits a slight precession due to an imbalance of electrostatic and magnetostatic energy levels. Electric charge is a result of this spin precession and represents a loop closure failure (torsion defect) similar to topological charge.
Rest mass results from quantum wave interference due to precession. Hence, electric charge, rest mass and the fine structure constant are interrelated and directly calculable.
Neutrinos are spin 1/2 fermions that are nearly massless and without electrical charge. Only left-hand neutrinos (negative helicity) with spins anti-parallel to linear momenta are observed. Right-hand anti-neutrinos (positive helicity) exhibit spins parallel to the linear momentum vector. Neutrinos have very small interaction cross-sections and interact weakly with matter. In a geometrical model considered here, neutrinos are conceptualized as vortex rings composed of spinning Planck mass dipoles and propagate along the spin axis.
Frequency, wavelength and energy characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum. The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 order of magnitude. The calculated Planck frequency of 2.952E42 Hz appears to represent an upper frequency cutoff limit of the vacuum.
Spin-lattice & spin-spin relaxation, signal splitting & signal multiplicity concepts briefly explained relevant to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Traveling EM waves represent freely-propagating energy. Standing waves represent bottled-up energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing waves resonances.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent bottled-up energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing wave resonances.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates de Broglie matter waves (contracted moving standing waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
EM propulsion drive technology road map. Matter in motion exhibits internal Lorentz-contracted moving standing waves (de Broglie matter waves). The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz-Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-wave mixing process modulating a standing wave signal to generate a matter wave producing self-induced motion of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. A simplified impulse drive may be constructed with a standing wave cavity resonator excited by two-counter-propagating traveling waves with independent phase and frequency control.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame exhibits internal Lorentz contracted moving stationary standing waves (de Broglie waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation as stored energy in standing wave resonances.
The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a phase conjugate four-way mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to modulate a standing wave generating a matter wave producing self-induced motivided by direct conversion of EM pump energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force to induce motion of matter is not required. on of a wave system without expulsion of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of pump beam EM energy into the contracted moving standing wave formed within a phase-locked cavity resonator. The imbalance of internal radiation pressure provides the ponderomotive force acting on the resonator. In this inverse effect, application of an external force or expulsion of reaction mass is not required to induce motion of matter.
A photon is a self-sustaining, electromagnetic traveling spin wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. A photon is described as a spin 1 boson with helical geometry. A graviton represents a momentary resonance superposition of a photon and counter-propagating phase conjugate photon with net zero linear momentum. A graviton is described as a spin 2 boson with helicoid geometry with additive spins. Phase conjugation reflection occurs at EM wave front interference anti-nodes at Fresnel zone boundaries.
A geometrical model of the electron is shown as a closed-loop standing wave. The charge path is in the form of rotating Hopf link generating a toroidal swept surface with circumference equal to the Compton wavelength. A precessing epitrochoid charge path composed of two orthogonal spinors with toroidal & poloidal current loop components of 2:1 rotary octave resulting in observed 1/2 spin. Electric charge arises a result of a slight precession due to imbalance of electrostatic & magnetostatic energy characterized by a whirl no. equal to the inverse fine structure constant. Quantum mechanical description of electric & magnetic field lines at the Planck scale is depicted.
The universe exhibits a fundamental dualism of opposite pairings. The present degenerate state of duality provides a clue as to the preexisting state. The Big Bang explosion of duals of surreal infinite & infinitesimal pairings is illustrated as an unstable vacuum state catastrophe. The number of modal states and information bits increase from the initial unstable vacuum singularity. The formation of a polarizable vacuum is depicted as creation of positive & negative Planck masses with positive & negative energy density. Expansion of the universe is represented as nested Riemann spheres of complex Planck impedance analogous to a 3D Smith chart of complex electrical impedance. Nested Apollian spheres of n-multiples of the Schwarzschild radius exhibits bubble voids like "suds in the kitchen sink" mass accretion & contraction similar to that apparent in the universe at large.
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent stored energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum in the form of spin 1 bosons (photons). Matter consists of standing wave resonances in the form of spin 1/2 fermions created from energetic photons. Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, the quanta of electromagnetic fields. A freely-propagating photon in empty space (gravity-free, zero curvature vacuum) is described as a self-sustaining, helical traveling wave packet of quantized spin angular momentum moving at the speed of light. A photon is categorized as a stable, massless boson having no electric charge with spin angular momentum s = +/- hbar. The spin axis is aligned with the direction of wave vector k in either the forward or backward direction depending on helicity.
The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 orders of magnitude. The cutoff frequency of the vacuum is taken as the Planck frequency fsubP = 1.855E43 Hz.
A dimensionless quantity described as a fundamental physical constant characterizing the coupling strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Introduced by Sommerfeld in 1916 to describe the spacing of splitting of spectral lines in multi-electron atoms, it is formed from four physical constants: electric charge, speed of light in vacuo, Planck's constant and electric permittivity of free space.
The inverse fine structure constant (=137.035999...) represents the spin precession whirl no. of the electron. The electron exhibits a slight precession due to an imbalance of electrostatic and magnetostatic energy levels. Electric charge is a result of this spin precession and represents a loop closure failure (torsion defect) similar to topological charge.
Rest mass results from quantum wave interference due to precession. Hence, electric charge, rest mass and the fine structure constant are interrelated and directly calculable.
Neutrinos are spin 1/2 fermions that are nearly massless and without electrical charge. Only left-hand neutrinos (negative helicity) with spins anti-parallel to linear momenta are observed. Right-hand anti-neutrinos (positive helicity) exhibit spins parallel to the linear momentum vector. Neutrinos have very small interaction cross-sections and interact weakly with matter. In a geometrical model considered here, neutrinos are conceptualized as vortex rings composed of spinning Planck mass dipoles and propagate along the spin axis.
Frequency, wavelength and energy characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum. The observed EM frequency spectrum spans more than 140 octaves or ~24 order of magnitude. The calculated Planck frequency of 2.952E42 Hz appears to represent an upper frequency cutoff limit of the vacuum.
Spin-lattice & spin-spin relaxation, signal splitting & signal multiplicity concepts briefly explained relevant to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Traveling EM waves represent freely-propagating energy. Standing waves represent bottled-up energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing waves resonances.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent bottled-up energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing wave resonances.
Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates de Broglie matter waves (contracted moving standing waves). Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
Traveling EM waves represent freely propagating energy. Standing waves represent stored energy. Light is a traveling wave disturbance in a polarizable vacuum. Matter consists of standing wave resonances. Matter in motion with respect to an inertial frame generates Lorentz contracted moving standing waves. Rest mass and inertia result from confinement of electromagnetic radiation.
A geometrical model of the electron is illustrated. Pair production and annihilation processes is described. Origin of electric charge and the the fine structure constant reviewed. Quantum mechanical description of electric and magnetic field lines at the Planck scale is depicted
A geometrical model of the electron is illustrated. Pair production and annihilation processes is described. Origin of electric charge and the fine structure constant reviewed. Quantum mechanical description of electric and magnetic field lines at the Planck scale is depicted.
interaction of ionizing radiation
1) Interaction of photon with matter
2) Interaction of Electron and proton with matter
3)Interaction of Neutron with matter
Explaining all the difficult concepts with precise and accurate points, 3D models, animations and smart art graphics.
Principle
The NMR phenomenon
Theory
Precessional frequency (ν)
Chemical shift
Spin-spin interactions
Interpretation of NMR
Chemical shift (δ)
Multiplicity of the signal
Coupling constant
Instrumentation
Fourier NMR
Continuous wave NMR
Applications
Identification testing
Assay of drugs
It gives some easy and detailed information about the basics of a radiological physics and will explain about the interactions of Electron in the target atoms.
this presentation includes basics of laser, introductory concepts of light and its development. contribution of light in laser technology and then introduction to laser.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. de Broglie matter waves
• Light is a self-sustaining traveling wave of electromagnetic energy.
A photon is described as a spin 1 boson with helicoid geometry and
represents a freely-propagating spin wave disturbance in a polarizable
vacuum.
• An electron consists of an energetic photon confined within a deep
potential well in the quantum vacuum. An electron is described as
as a spin ½ fermion with toroidal geometry and forms a closed-loop
standing wave resonator.
• Matter consists of stored electromagnetic energy topologically bound
within in standing wave resonant structures such as electrons and
aggregate composites such as protons, neutrons, atoms and molecules.
Confinement of radiation creates rest mass and inertia.
• Motion of matter with respect to an inertial reference frame creates
de Broglie matter waves which are contracted moving standing waves.
3. • An external force applied to a standing wave resonator generates internally counter-
propagating Lorentz-Doppler shifted waves resulting in contracted moving standing
waves within the resonator inducing motion due to radiation pressure imbalance.
Velocity is proportional to the phase difference of the red- and blue-shifted beams
while acceleration is proportional to the frequency difference.
• The inverse effect of self-induced motion of matter may be potentially realized by
utilizing synthesized red- and blue-shifted Lorentz Doppler waves in a four-way
mixing process using parametrically amplified Lorentz Doppler pump beams to
generate self-induced motion of a wave system without wheels, friction or expulsion
of reaction mass. Kinetic energy of motion is provided by direct conversion of
electromagnetic energy in the pump beams to the contracted moving standing wave
formed from the signal wave and its phase conjugate wave within a phase-locked
cavity resonator.
• Inverse effects are not without precedent as, for example, inverse Doppler effect,
inverse Sagnac effect, inverse Faraday effect, inverse Compton effect, inverse spin
Hall effect, inverse Cherenkov effect, inverse Raman effect, inverse Cotton-Mouton
effect, inverse Barnett effect, (Einstein de Hass effect), inverse piezo electric effect,
etc.
Matter wave synthesis
4. Confinement of traveling EM waves
• Confinement of traveling electromagnetic waves within a
phase-locked cavity resonator creates rest mass and inertia.
7. Lorentz contraction of a standing wave
resonator in motion
• Matter in motion undergoes a Lorentz
contraction in the direction of motion
as a result of increased EM flux density
• Inertial mass and gravitation mass are
equivalent as both arise from the same
causal mechanism: Motion into regions
of increased energy density.
9. Wave motion represented as Riemann
sphere projections onto a complex plane
• Mappings on the complex plane in the form of Möbius transformations
correspond to Lorentz transformations.
10. Toroidal electron model
Parameter Symbol Relation Value Units
Electric charge e = F/E = mwC =
√(aqP
2)
1.60217E-19 C
Mass me
= E/c2 = ħc/RC =
e/wC
9.10938E-31 kg
Compton wavelength lC = h/mc = h/p 2.4263E-12 m
Compton frequency fC = mc2/h = c/lC = wC
/2p
1.2355E20 Hz
Compton radius: RC = lC/2p = aa0 =
√(E/mw2)
3.8616E-13 m
Compton angular
frequency
wC = c/RC = mc2/ħ =
e/m
7.7634E20 rad/s
Zitterbewegung angular
frequency
wzbw
= 2wC 1.5527E21 rad/s
Spin angular momentum s = ½ ħ = iw =
½meRC
2w
5.2725E-5 J∙s
Bohr magneton mB = e ħ /2m 9.274E-24 J/T
Rest Energy E = ħ c/RC 8.187E-14 J
• Toroidal electron formed
by a high energy photon
topologically confined
inside the Compton radius.
• Propagation of the rotating
spin wave describes a
current loop equal to ½
of Compton radius.
• Charge path rotation
generates toroidal swept
volume defining a standing
wave resonator. Internal
pressure equals external
vacuum pressure.
11. Electron ring configuration
• Electron depicted as a
precessing epitrochoid
charge path composed of
two orthogonal spinors of
2:1 rotary octave
• Spin ratio of Compton
angular frequency wC and
Zitterbewegung frequency
wzbw (= 2wC) corresponds
to observed spin ½.
• Electric charge arises as a
result of a slight precession
of angular frequency we/m.
12. Electromagnetic energy E vs. Lorentz factor g
After Bergman
The Lorentz factor g is inversely proportional to the Lorentz contraction g.
g = 1/√(1 – v2/c2) = 1/√(1 – b2) = 1/g
Electromagnetic energy of an electron as a function of Lorentz factor g.
13. Electron mass energy MeV/c2 vs. Velocity ratio b
Relativistic increase in electron mass energy as a function of velocity ratio b (= v/c)
15. Constant wave energy phasor
Traveling wave, standing wave and contracted moving standing waves
16. Contracted moving wave diagram for an
electron moving @ 0.5 c
Compton, Lorentz Doppler and de Broglie wave components
17. EM cavity resonator equivalent LC circuit
• A lossless electromagnetic cavity resonator and equivalent LC circuit.
• The electric and magnetic energy are in phase quadrature.
• A resonant system must contain at least one element in which kinetic
energy is stored and another element in which potential energy is stored.
18. Impedance and energy triangle comparison
• Mass and electrical impedance are measures of resistance to energy flow.
19. Resonator velocity staircase
A Minkowski spacetime diagram illustrating a phased-locked
standing wave resonator in wave resonator
22. EM wave reflection/diffraction from
Bragg planes formed by EM wave interference
• Phase conjugate beam formation in four-way mixing of signal & pump beams
23. EM wave-based propulsion
• EM drives have long been envisioned and various forms have been
demonstrated. To realize propulsion without traction or expulsion of
reaction mass what sort of energy conversion would be required? Do
we not understand sufficiently the physics of force fields and wave
mechanics to at least to begin to set forth some notional theoretical
concepts? What sort of energy conversion would be required?
• Energy is a measure of wavefunction curvature and may be conveyed in
waves. Consider what sort of wave transformation is needed. Waves
occur in any of several forms including:
1) traveling waves
2) standing waves
3) transverse waves
4) longitudinal waves
5) partial standing waves
6) contracted moving standing waves
7) coherent waves
8) soliton waves
24. Irradiated phase-locked phase conjugate resonator
• Conceptual diagram for induced motion of a phase-locked resonator with
a phase conjugate reflector irradiated by amplified Lorentz-Doppler shifted
pump beams modulating a standing wave generating a ponderomotive force.
25. Phase-locked phase conjugate resonator
induced motion
• Simulated Lorentz-Doppler effect results in a contracted moving standing wave.
• The internal radiation pressure imbalance results in a net ponderomotive force.
• Pump beam energy input provides the kinetic energy of motion.
26. Wave system resonator at constant velocity
• Displacement of phase triggers shifting of standing wave nodes.
• Mass transport is a result of node displacement of contracted
moving standing waves.
27. Induced motion of wave system resonator
• Contracted moving standing waves created by superposition
of Lorentz-Doppler shifted modulated standing waves.
28. Self-induced motion of wave system resonator
• Velocity v is proportional to
phase difference (= Df·c/p)
• Acceleration a is proportional
to frequency difference (= 2c·Dn)
• Energy flow is in the direction of
the frequency gradient. Pump
beam energy is converted directly
into kinetic energy of motion.
• Very high velocity and acceleration
possible with no expulsion of
reaction mass
• Electromagnetic energy contained
within resonator(s). Low external
observables.
30. Push-pull cavity phase conjugate resonator
• Direction of motion may be rapidly changed by redirecting the vector
orientation of the incident and phased array conjugation beams enabling
levitation and high acceleration, darting, zigzag motion without expulsion
of reaction mass. Amplified pump beams provide energy of motion.
31. Broad band frequency phase conjugate
resonator system
• High internal radiation pressure
provided by high frequency
standing wave modulation over
a wide frequency range.
• Amplified synthesized Lorentz-
Doppler shifted pump beams
modulates a standing wave in
a phase conjugate resonator to
generate a matter wave inducing
motion of the wave system.
• Energy of motion is proportional
to the number of frequency pairs
DEi = nhDni.
32. Gravitational spectral energy density gradient
subject to electronic augmentation and control
• Acceleration is proportional to the frequency differential Dn.
33. Paired overlapping multi-band swept frequencies
with discrete frequency differential
• Available energy is proportional to the number of frequency pairs (DEi = nhDni)
• Acceleration induced inertial strains are reduced by minimizing jerk (Da/Dt)
34. Inertia control
• Under uniform acceleration, there is no relative movement of particles
of matter. As a result, stresses and strains due to changes in acceleration
are zero. In a free-fall weightless condition, residual stresses are due to
tidal deformation.
• Application of an external force results in a localized impact wave of
progressive acceleration/deceleration inducing localized stresses and
strains. Sudden acceleration or deceleration as in a collision can result
excessive strains above the elastic limit leading to catastrophic structural
failure, e.g. “Humpty Dumpty” problem.
• Effects of sudden acceleration or deceleration may be mitigated by
absorption of energy by shock absorbers to prevent localized yielding or
buckling or by inertial dampers converting linear momentum into angular
momentum or vice versa.
• To prevent excessive acceleration or deceleration forces, the time
rate-of-change of acceleration , i.e. jerk (= Da/Dt) must be minimized.
Using paired, overlapping, swept EM frequencies, acceleration and
acceleration rate may be controlled to minimize stresses and strains.
35. Inertial damper
• Linear momentum converted
to rotary momentum in a
whispering gallery mode (WGM)
resonator.
• Electro-optic analog of a
mechanical rack & pinion
or shock absorber. Electro-
magnetic wave energy is
temporarily stored in the
resonator and released.
39. Book Details:
Author: Larry Reed
Pages: 710
Publisher: BookLocker
Language: English
ISBN: 978-1-63492-964-6 paperback
Publication date: 2019-01-13
40. Abstract
A comprehensive description of the nature of light, electricity and gravity is provided in
terms of quantum wave mechanics. Detailed models include the photon as a travelling
electromagnetic wave and the electron as a closed loop standing wave formed by a
confined photon. An electron is modeled as a torus generated by a spinning Hopf link
as a result of an imbalance of electrostatic and magnetostatic energy. Electric charge is a
manifestation of a slight precession characterized by the fine structure constant. The
physical vacuum as a polarizable medium enables wave propagation and appears
ultimately to be quantized at the Planck scale. Standing wave transformations for objects
in motion are reviewed and Lorentz Doppler effects compared. The mechanism for
generation De Broglie matter waves for objects in motion is depicted including the inverse
effect of induced motion of an object by synthesis of contracted moving standing waves.
Gravity is viewed as a frequency synchronization interaction between coupled mass
oscillators. The acceleration of gravity is described by a spectral energy density gradient.
Antigravity corresponds an inversion of the naturally occurring energy density gradient.
Gravitons are shown to be phase conjugate photons. The metric of curved spacetime
corresponds to the electromagnetic wave front interference node metric. Hence, the
gravitational field becomes quantized.
Quantum Wave Mechanics
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Quantum Wave Mechanics