The document discusses electrocyclic reactions, which involve the conversion of a conjugated polyene to an unsaturated cyclic compound with one less carbon-carbon double bond. It notes that these reactions can occur thermally or photochemically, and with high stereoselectivity. It provides examples of electrocyclic reactions involving butadiene and hexatriene, and discusses the correlation between molecular orbital symmetry and the conrotatory or disrotatory nature of the reaction. It also addresses electrocyclic reactions involving reactants with an odd number of atoms, such as cations and anions, as well as photochemical cyclizations.
The video lecture for this presentation is available at the following link on YouTube
https://youtu.be/3sxal579RNM
The presenation will be useful for Ug/PG (Chemistry) students
The video lecture for this presentation is available at the following link on YouTube
https://youtu.be/3sxal579RNM
The presenation will be useful for Ug/PG (Chemistry) students
Hydrogenation- definition, catalytic hydrogenation, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation, advantages and disadvantages of catalytic hydrogenation, applications of catalytic hydrogenation
Crown ethers
NOMENCLATURE
GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF CROWN ETHER
AZA CROWN
CRYPTAND
APPLICATIONS
1. SYNTHETIC APPLICTION
Esterification
Saponification
Anhydride formation
Potassium permanganate oxidation
Aromatic substitution reactions
Elimination reactions
Displacement reaction
Generation of carbenes
Superoxide anion
Alkylations – 1. o-alkylations
2. c-alkylations
3. n-alkylations
2. ANALYTICAL APPLICATION
Determination of gold in geological samples
Super critical fluid extraction of trace metal from solid and liquid materials
Application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry
Oxidation and determination of aldehydes
Crown ethers are used in the laboratory as phase transfer catalyst
OTHER APPLICATION
It is used in photocynation
Resolution of racemic mixture
Benzoin condensation
Hetrocyclisation
Synthesis of furanones
Acetylation of secondary amines in presence of primary amine
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Cycloaddition reactions: combination of two words "cyclo" and "addition", which means addition of two molecules to form a new ring system.
Reterocycloaddition reactions : reverse of cycloaddition reactions is known as reterocycloaddition reactions
Types of cycloaddition reactions
Mechanism of cycloaddition reactions
Suprafacial and antarafacial interactions
Woodward-Hoffmann rule for cycloaddition reactions
Examples and applications of cycloaddition reactions
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dioxygen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular oxygen.
This powerpoint presentation will cover following aspects:
Kinds of Pericyclic Reactions and Brief details of their kinds
Molecular Orbitals and Orbitals Symmetry
Molecular Orbitals Description
Electrocyclic Reactions
Introduction to Dienes
Introduction to Dienophiles
Photochemical conditions
Ring Closure
Modes of Ring Closure
Diels- Alder Product recognition and Reversibility of Diels Alder Reaction
Conrotatory and Disrotatory arrangements
Cycloadditions in Complete Details
Dimerization , Frontier Orbitals Description, Endo Rule, Stereochemistry, Applications Hoffman's rule and a lot more……
Hydrogenation- definition, catalytic hydrogenation, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation, advantages and disadvantages of catalytic hydrogenation, applications of catalytic hydrogenation
Crown ethers
NOMENCLATURE
GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF CROWN ETHER
AZA CROWN
CRYPTAND
APPLICATIONS
1. SYNTHETIC APPLICTION
Esterification
Saponification
Anhydride formation
Potassium permanganate oxidation
Aromatic substitution reactions
Elimination reactions
Displacement reaction
Generation of carbenes
Superoxide anion
Alkylations – 1. o-alkylations
2. c-alkylations
3. n-alkylations
2. ANALYTICAL APPLICATION
Determination of gold in geological samples
Super critical fluid extraction of trace metal from solid and liquid materials
Application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry
Oxidation and determination of aldehydes
Crown ethers are used in the laboratory as phase transfer catalyst
OTHER APPLICATION
It is used in photocynation
Resolution of racemic mixture
Benzoin condensation
Hetrocyclisation
Synthesis of furanones
Acetylation of secondary amines in presence of primary amine
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Cycloaddition reactions: combination of two words "cyclo" and "addition", which means addition of two molecules to form a new ring system.
Reterocycloaddition reactions : reverse of cycloaddition reactions is known as reterocycloaddition reactions
Types of cycloaddition reactions
Mechanism of cycloaddition reactions
Suprafacial and antarafacial interactions
Woodward-Hoffmann rule for cycloaddition reactions
Examples and applications of cycloaddition reactions
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dioxygen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular oxygen.
This powerpoint presentation will cover following aspects:
Kinds of Pericyclic Reactions and Brief details of their kinds
Molecular Orbitals and Orbitals Symmetry
Molecular Orbitals Description
Electrocyclic Reactions
Introduction to Dienes
Introduction to Dienophiles
Photochemical conditions
Ring Closure
Modes of Ring Closure
Diels- Alder Product recognition and Reversibility of Diels Alder Reaction
Conrotatory and Disrotatory arrangements
Cycloadditions in Complete Details
Dimerization , Frontier Orbitals Description, Endo Rule, Stereochemistry, Applications Hoffman's rule and a lot more……
Pericyclic reactions are defined as reactions that occur by concerted cyclic shift of electrons. In concerted reaction, reactant bonds are broken and product bonds are formed at the same time.
Dynamic Stereochemistry and What role does conformation plays on stereochemistry is being exemplified in this presentation. Useful for the Undergraduate and Postgraduates students of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Chemical Sciences
The presentation is prepared for lecture for the M. Sc Chemistry students studying under University of Madras (MER3A: Unit III). It is dealing with Aromaticity and Organic Photochemistry
Video lecture is available on YouTube on the link:https://youtu.be/xrBnxxN-RUw
For UG students of All Engineering Branches, Chemistry, Food Science, Polymer Science, Chemical Engg. etc.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
2. Electrocyclic reactions are a class of pericyclic
reactions in which a conjugated polyene inter-
converts with an unsaturated cyclic compound
containing one less carbon–carbon double bond than
the polyene. The reactions can be promoted
thermally or photo-chemically and take place with a
very high degree of stereo-selectivity.
3. The difference in energy between the open-chain
and closed-ring isomers in electrocyclic reactions
are usually not high. Thus, partial conversion of
the more stable isomers in this reactions to the
less stable forms may easily occur.
E.g. cis,cis-2,4-hexadiene converted to trans,
trans- 2,4-hexadiene via two electrocyclic steps
4.
5.
6. In a Thermal Reaction, an open-chain system
containing 4n π electrons, the orbital symmetry of the
highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO) is such that
a bonding interaction between the ends must involve
overlap between orbital envelopes on opposite faces of
the system and this can only be achieved in a
CONROTATORY process.
In open systems containing (4n + 2) π electrons,
terminal bonding interaction within ground-state
molecules requires overlap of orbital envelopes on the
same face of the system, attainable only by
DISROTATORY displacements.
In a PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION an electron in the
HOMO of the reactant is promoted to an excited state
leading to a reversal of terminal symmetry relationships
and stereo-specificity.
7. Buta-1,3-diene has 4 -electrons in the ground
state and thus proceeds through a
conrotatory ring-closing mechanism.
8. In the electrocyclic ring-closure of the
substituted hexa-1,3,5-triene, the reaction
proceeds through a disrotatory mechanism.
9. In the case of a photochemically driven
electrocyclic ring-closure of buta-1,3-diene,
electronic promotion causes to become the
HOMO and the reaction mechanism must be
disrotatory..
10. A molecular orbital correlation diagram
correlates molecular orbitals of the starting
materials and the product based upon
conservation of symmetry.
If a symmetry element is present throughout
the reaction mechanism (reactant, transition
state, and product), it is called a conserved
symmetry element.
The transition state of a conrotatory
closure has C2 symmetry, whereas
the transition state of a disrotatory
opening has mirror symmetry.
11. The correlation diagram of CONROTATORY
4 electron electrocyclic ring closure of 1,3-
butadiene (the symmetry element is the C2
axis ) is shown below:
12. The correlation diagram of DISROTATORY 4
electron electrocyclic ring closure of 1,3-
butadiene (the symmetry element is the σ
mirror plane) is shown below :
14. Based on these rules, following generalization is seen
in electrocyclic reactions:
"It should be emphasized that our hypothesis specifies
in any case which of two types of geometrical
displacements will represent a favored process, but
does not exclude the operation of the other under very
energetic conditions."
15. Electrocyclic reactions in Reactants with
Odd number of Atoms
DISROTATORY If
reactant is a cation
(two electrons), the
reaction is
ALLOWED because
y1 and s orbitals
have the same
symmetry.
However, if the
chain is an anion
(four electrons), an
excited state would
be produced and the
reaction is
FORBIDDEN.
CONTOTATORY PROCESS:
Allowed: Anion
Forbidden: Cation
17. Electrocyclic reactions in Reactants with
Odd number of Atoms (Cation & Anion)
The ring opening of
cyclopropyl derivatives to
allylic cations do proceed
in DISROTATORY fashion.
At higher temperature,
cation 6a isomerize to 6b,
which in turn, as the
temperature is raised,
isomerizes to the least
crowded cation, 6c.
21. Electrocyclic reactions in Reactants with
Odd number of Atoms (Cation & Anion)
[Formation and Cyclization of Dipolar Molecules]
22. Electrocyclic reactions in Reactants with
Odd number of Atoms (Cation & Anion)
[Formation and Cyclization of Dipolar Molecules]
The reaction
proceeds through
CONROTATORY
PROCESS
23. Electrocyclic reactions in Reactants with
Odd number of Atoms (Cation & Anion)
[Formation and Cyclization of Dipolar Molecules]
29. Examples of Electrocyclic reactions
Ring-opening of the aldehyde, formed by oxidation of
the alcohol, occurs to give the diene with>97% isomeric
purity, in which the aldehyde rather than the alkyl
group has rotated ‘inward’
30. Ring-opening of Benzocyclobutenes
to o-Quinodimethanes.
Synthesis of the steroid estrone, the
benzocyclobutane, prepared by a cobaltmediated
cyclotrimerization, was converted on heating to
the o-quinodimethane, which undergoes
cycloaddition to the tetracycle.
31. E,Z,E-triene 340 is converted to the cis product
341 with >99.5% diastereomeric purity,
indicating a completely stereospecific
THERMAL DISROTATORY electrocyclization. The
isomeric E,Z,Z-triene 342 is converted to the trans
product 343. In this latter case the product 344
(derived from the diene 343 by a 1,5-hydrogen
shift) is also produced and the triene 342 has
been found to interconvert readily with the
Z,Z,Z-isomer by consecutive 1,7-hydrogen shifts.
Electrocyclic Cyclization of 1,3,5-Hexatrienes
32. In the synthesis of the carbazole hyellazole 346,
the divinyl-indole 345 was heated to promote
electrocyclization, followed by dehydrogenation
with palladium on charcoal to give hyellazole.
The parent substrate, stilbene can be converted to
phenanthrene, a process that involves conrotatory
electrocyclization under photochemical conditions
Examples of Electrocyclic reactions
33. In a synthesis of cervinomycin A,
photochemical electrocyclization of the
mixture of E- and Z-diaryl alkenes 347 gave
the polycyclic aromatic compound 348 after
oxidation with iodine.
Examples of Electrocyclic reactions
34. The cyclization of a pentadienyl cation to a
cyclopentenyl cation offers a useful entry to
five-membered carbocyclic compounds. One
such reaction is the Nazarov cyclization of
divinyl ketones. The Nazarov cyclization is a 4-
electron cyclization and occurs thermally by a
conrotatory process. The stereochemical outcome
across the new carbon–carbon bond is often
obscured by the loss of a proton at one of these
centres during the cyclopentenone formation
Examples of Electrocyclic reactions