Electric cars use electric motors powered by rechargeable batteries instead of combustion engines. They have several components including batteries, electric motors, and motor controllers. Electric cars can be charged by plugging into electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) or charging stations, which provide alternating or direct current. While more expensive initially, electric cars have lower fuel and maintenance costs than gas-powered cars and produce no tailpipe emissions.
plug in hybrid electrical vehicals seminar ppt by MD NAWAZMD NAWAZ
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid car' or 'Plug in hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline. The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature. It provides its owner with advantages in fuel economy and environmental impact over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions.
In HEV, the battery alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, long highways, or hill climbing the electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. Besides it also utilizes the concept of regenerative braking for optimized utilization of energy. Energy dissipated during braking in HEV is used in charging battery. Thus the vehicle is best suited for the growing urban areas with high traffic. Initially the designing of the vehicle in CAD, simulations of inverter and other models are done. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. This includes assembly of IC Engine and its components. The next phase consists of implementing the electric power drive and designing the controllers. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.
hybrid electric vehicle , types of hybrid electric vehicle , need of hybrid electric vehicle , plug in hybrid electric vehicle , uses of hybrid electric vehicle , regenerative braking , battery , induction motor
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
plug in hybrid electrical vehicals seminar ppt by MD NAWAZMD NAWAZ
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid car' or 'Plug in hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline. The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature. It provides its owner with advantages in fuel economy and environmental impact over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions.
In HEV, the battery alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, long highways, or hill climbing the electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. Besides it also utilizes the concept of regenerative braking for optimized utilization of energy. Energy dissipated during braking in HEV is used in charging battery. Thus the vehicle is best suited for the growing urban areas with high traffic. Initially the designing of the vehicle in CAD, simulations of inverter and other models are done. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. This includes assembly of IC Engine and its components. The next phase consists of implementing the electric power drive and designing the controllers. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.
hybrid electric vehicle , types of hybrid electric vehicle , need of hybrid electric vehicle , plug in hybrid electric vehicle , uses of hybrid electric vehicle , regenerative braking , battery , induction motor
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
A brief introduction to the benefits of electric vehicles and how they are now becoming part of particular industries. GLH is a leading London Private Car Hire company. www.glh.co.uk
ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRESENTATION BY PRANAY GHATODE PranayGhatode
Electric vehicles are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered by electric power. The demand for EVs is increasing day by day. As we have several benefits for Electric Vehicles when compared to Gas Vehicles. Here in this informative essay on electric vehicles, we are giving complete details about them.
Electric Vehicles are means of transport that consume eclectic energy as fuel instead of traditional fuels such as petrol, diesel, and CNG. These vehicles may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources or maybe inbuilt with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. Electric bikes, electric cars, electric rickshaws, etc are some examples.
An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
Battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, conventional vehicle and now fuel cell vehicles. With the advancement of technology new inventions have been made in auto industry in past few years. Do you know what fuel cell vehicle is? This presentation attributes the features of fuel cell vehicles and how it differs from battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric and conventional vehicles. Also have some light on its feasibility and merits & demerits.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2. introduction
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
65. <ul><li>Fuel cell output power oriented control strategy based on FCE loading and unloading equations
66. similar to the fuel cell output power oriented control strategy as just mentioned above, but there has some new control characteristics as follows:
67. If cSOC > cSOC.t, the battery regulation power is zero and the battery actual output power is the power difference between Pd and Pf;
68. If cSOC≤ cSOC.t, the battery regulation charging power is considered and the target fuel cell power is the sum of driving power and charging power;
69. When the vehicle is braking, the fuel cell works at the minimum power and charges the battery pack with the regenerative braking;
70. The fuel cell engine works on nearly all of the driving time expect for the over high SOC battery pack and small driving power requirement at the first cold starting.
72. HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS<br />Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at 70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So, keeping your speed down can increase your mileage significantly. <br />Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car down again.
73. CONCLUSIONS<br />Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.<br />A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent. <br />If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era. <br />One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world
This is a brief description about the current situation of Electrification of vehicles and E-Mobility in India. The presentation covers everything right from the working of electric vehicles to the usage by various countries. For more info do visit my blog " https://theautofanaticblog.wordpress.com/2018/07/10/10-things-to-know-about-electric-vehicles/ "
Hello Folks,
I have shared my presentation on electric vehicles that i have prepared for my final year seminar and presented it to more than 300 peoples including HOD, Assistant professor, mechanical faculties. I took overall 10 minutes to elaborate every topic excluding Q&A session. In the modern era, the conventional vehicles are becoming obsolete gradually because of its hazardous emission and low efficiency. The Electric vehicles are the future. The contents of this ppt is gathered from the daily learning and some are taken directly from the company posts,
Any kind of discussion is open.
Today transportation sector has facing many problems with conventional vehicles like petroleum and diesel vehicles which release most of the pollutants like CO2 and nitrogen oxide emissions which ultimately have an effect on human health. so to decrease this problem there is the invention of electrical vehicles but to fixed battery EVS the owner of the vehicle should wait for long hours to charge one vehicle and if the vehicle stops in any remote areas then it is difficult to charge the battery. So to reduce this problem and to increase electrical vehicle using the solution is to use autonomous battery swapping stations and producing mobile van technology for charging the vehicle in remote areas this idea ultimately increases EV adoption in the world which leads to having good human health.
A brief introduction to the benefits of electric vehicles and how they are now becoming part of particular industries. GLH is a leading London Private Car Hire company. www.glh.co.uk
ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRESENTATION BY PRANAY GHATODE PranayGhatode
Electric vehicles are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered by electric power. The demand for EVs is increasing day by day. As we have several benefits for Electric Vehicles when compared to Gas Vehicles. Here in this informative essay on electric vehicles, we are giving complete details about them.
Electric Vehicles are means of transport that consume eclectic energy as fuel instead of traditional fuels such as petrol, diesel, and CNG. These vehicles may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources or maybe inbuilt with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. Electric bikes, electric cars, electric rickshaws, etc are some examples.
An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
Battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, conventional vehicle and now fuel cell vehicles. With the advancement of technology new inventions have been made in auto industry in past few years. Do you know what fuel cell vehicle is? This presentation attributes the features of fuel cell vehicles and how it differs from battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric and conventional vehicles. Also have some light on its feasibility and merits & demerits.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2. introduction
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
65. <ul><li>Fuel cell output power oriented control strategy based on FCE loading and unloading equations
66. similar to the fuel cell output power oriented control strategy as just mentioned above, but there has some new control characteristics as follows:
67. If cSOC > cSOC.t, the battery regulation power is zero and the battery actual output power is the power difference between Pd and Pf;
68. If cSOC≤ cSOC.t, the battery regulation charging power is considered and the target fuel cell power is the sum of driving power and charging power;
69. When the vehicle is braking, the fuel cell works at the minimum power and charges the battery pack with the regenerative braking;
70. The fuel cell engine works on nearly all of the driving time expect for the over high SOC battery pack and small driving power requirement at the first cold starting.
72. HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS<br />Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at 70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So, keeping your speed down can increase your mileage significantly. <br />Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car down again.
73. CONCLUSIONS<br />Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.<br />A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent. <br />If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era. <br />One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world
This is a brief description about the current situation of Electrification of vehicles and E-Mobility in India. The presentation covers everything right from the working of electric vehicles to the usage by various countries. For more info do visit my blog " https://theautofanaticblog.wordpress.com/2018/07/10/10-things-to-know-about-electric-vehicles/ "
Hello Folks,
I have shared my presentation on electric vehicles that i have prepared for my final year seminar and presented it to more than 300 peoples including HOD, Assistant professor, mechanical faculties. I took overall 10 minutes to elaborate every topic excluding Q&A session. In the modern era, the conventional vehicles are becoming obsolete gradually because of its hazardous emission and low efficiency. The Electric vehicles are the future. The contents of this ppt is gathered from the daily learning and some are taken directly from the company posts,
Any kind of discussion is open.
Today transportation sector has facing many problems with conventional vehicles like petroleum and diesel vehicles which release most of the pollutants like CO2 and nitrogen oxide emissions which ultimately have an effect on human health. so to decrease this problem there is the invention of electrical vehicles but to fixed battery EVS the owner of the vehicle should wait for long hours to charge one vehicle and if the vehicle stops in any remote areas then it is difficult to charge the battery. So to reduce this problem and to increase electrical vehicle using the solution is to use autonomous battery swapping stations and producing mobile van technology for charging the vehicle in remote areas this idea ultimately increases EV adoption in the world which leads to having good human health.
Presentation on Electric Vehicle By Vivek Atalkar.
An electric vehicle, or EV, is a type of vehicle that uses electricity as its main source of power instead of traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel. EVs are powered by electric motors that run on rechargeable batteries, which can be charged by plugging the vehicle into an electrical outlet or charging station.
There are two types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs are fully electric vehicles that run entirely on battery power and have no backup gasoline engine. PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, and can run on either electricity or gasoline.
Electric vehicles offer several benefits over traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which means they don't contribute to air pollution. They also tend to be more energy-efficient and cost less to operate over the long-term. Additionally, electric vehicles are generally quieter and provide smoother acceleration compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
One of the main challenges of electric vehicles is their limited range compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, although this is improving as battery technology advances. Another challenge is the availability of charging infrastructure, which is still developing in many parts of the world.
Overall, electric vehicles are an important part of the transition to a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly transportation system.
MODULE-I
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle technology: Introduction, LEV, TLEV, ULV & ZEV, Basic
components of Electric vehicles, Batteries suitable for electric vehicles, motor and controllers,
constructional features,
Basic factors to be considered for converting automobiles to electric vehicle, electric hybrid
vehicle, types - series and parallel hybrid, layouts, comparison, Power systems and control
systems, Different modes of operation for best usage. Regenerative braking,
Recent Trends in Automotive Power Plants: Stratified charged / lean burn engines –
Hydrogen Engines- Electric propulsion with cables – Magnetic track vehicles.
MODULE 11
Fuel Cells and Alternative energy systems: Introduction to fuel cells, Operational fuel cell
voltages, Proton Exchange membrane fuel cells, Alkaline Electrolyte fuel cells, Medium and
high temperature fuel cells, fuel and fuel chose, fuel processing, fuel cell stacks, Delivering
fuel cell power, Integrated Air supply and humidification concepts for fuel cell systems, A
comparison of High pressure and low pressure operation PEM Fuel cell systems, Fuel cell
Auxiliary systems,
Modern Developments in Automobiles: Air compression systems, Air powered vehicles,
Vehicle Automated Tracks: Preparation and maintenance of proper road network-National
highway network with automated roads and vehicles-Satellite control of vehicle operation for
safe and fast travel.
Module III
Modem electronic and micro control systems in automobiles: Electronically controlled
concealed headlight systems, LED and Audible warning systems Electro chromic mirrors,
automatic review mirrors, OBD II, Day time running lamps (DRL), Head up display, Travel
information systems, On board navigation system, Electronic climate control, Electronic cruise
control, Antilock braking system, Electronically controlled sunroof, Anti-theft systems,
Automatic door locks (ADL), engine management system, Electronic transmission control,
chassis control system, Integrated system
Vehicle Operation and Control: Computer Control for pollution and noise control and for fuel
economy-Transducers and operation of the vehicle like optimum speed and direction.
technical report on EV. EVs can offer benefitssuch as lower operating costs a...Bijay Sharma
EVs can offer benefit such
as lower operating costs and reduced dependence on fossil fuels.Unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles that rely
on gasoline or diesel fuel, electric vehicles use electricity as their primary source of power. T
Fundamentals of vehicle, components of conventional vehicle and propulsion load; Drive cycles and drive terrain; Concept of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle; History of hybrid vehicles, advantages and applications of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, different Motors suitable for of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
An electric vehicle (EV) is a mode of transport which is powered by electricity. Unlike conventional vehicles that use a gasoline (petrol) or diesel-powered engine, electric cars and trucks use an electric motor powered by electricity from batteries or a fuel cell. A key advantage of EVs over other forms of transport is that they hold the potential to significantly reduce pollution by having zero exhaust emissions.
UNIT-V-ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES.pptxprakash0712
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle - layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
UNIT-V-ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES.pptxShanmathyAR2
ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle – layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. What is electric car?
Electric cars is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors
,using energy stored in rechargeable batteries.
Unlike vehicles with combustion engines ,electric vehicle do not produce exhaust
gases during operation. This alone makes electric vehicles with conventional
technology. However, the electric energy for charging the vehicle does not have
to produce from renewable source, e.g.-from wind, Solar, hydroelectric or biogas
power plants by combining different drive types, the overall efficiency of the
vehicles can be improved by fuel consumption can be reduced.
4. How does it Works?
When the pedal is pushed:
Electric energy transform to mechanical energy.
The controller gathered from energy from the battery.
Controller delivers the appropriate amount of electrical energy to the motor.
Power converted from the DC battery to AC for the electric motor.
The motor connect and turns the wheels through a cog.
When the brakes are pressed or the car is decelerating , the motor becomes an
alternator and produces power , which is sent back to the battery.
5. Main components of electric cars
An electric powered cars has three components:
1. Battery
2. Electric engine
3. Motor controller
Battery
1. Lithium-ion Batteries
2. Lead acid batteries
3. Nickel metal hydride batteries
6. Main components of electric cars
Regenerative breaking
Battery charger
Charging connect for external charging
External charging source
Electric motor/inverter/Colling system
Power inverter
Lithium ion
Onboard charger
Charging port
7. History of Electric vehicles
1830’s-first electric carriage was built
1891’s-the first electric automobile was build in the united states
1900-heyday
1908-Henry ford introduced model T
1974-Vaguard-sebring’s
8. History of Electric vehicles
1970’s-government acts
1988-GM EV1
1997-2000-a few thousands electric cars were only available for lease
2003-GM discontinued the EV1 and “Killed the electric car”
2007-Tesla Roadster , an all electric vehicle
IN 2001, the first ever electric car ‘Reva’ was launched in India by Reva electric
car company(now known as Mahindra Electric)
9. Types of electric vehicles
Three types of electric vehicle on the road today
1. BEV:-Battery electric vehicle
2. PHEV AND HEVS:-(Plug-in)Hybrid electric vehicle
3. FCEV:-Fuel electric vehicle
10. Battery electric vehicle(BEV)
BEVs are also known as All-Electric Vehicles (AEV). Electric
Vehicles using BEV technology run entirely on a battery-powered
electric drivetrain. The electricity used to drive the vehicle is stored
in a large battery pack which can be charged by plugging into the
electricity grid. The charged battery pack then provides power to
one or more electric motors to run the electric car.
Main Components of BEV:
Electric motor, Inverter, Battery, Control Module, Drive train
11. Working principles of BEV
The power for the electric motor is converted from the DC Battery to AC. As the accelerator is pressed, a signal is sent to
the controller. The controller adjusts the speed of the vehicle by changing the frequency of the AC power from the inverter
to the motor. The motor then connects and leads to the turning of wheels through a cog. If the brakes are pressed, or the
electric car is decelerating, the motor becomes an alternator and produces power, which is sent back to the battery.
12. Plug in Hybrid Electric vehicles(PHEV)
The PHEVs are also known as series hybrids. They have both engine and a motor.
You can choose among the fuels, conventional fuel (such as petrol) or alternative fuel
(such as bio-diesel). It can also be powered by a rechargeable battery pack. The
battery can be charged externally.
PHEVs can run in at least 2 modes:
1. All-electric Mode, in which the motor and battery provide all the car’s energy
2. Hybrid Mode, in which both electricity and petrol/diesel are employed
Main Components of PHEV:
Electric motor, Engine, Inverter, Battery, Fuel tank, Control module, Battery Charger
(if onboard model)
13. Working principles of PHEV
PHEVs start-up in all-electric mode and make use of electricity until their battery pack is depleted. Once the battery gets
drained, the engine takes over, and the vehicle operates as a conventional, non-plug-in hybrid. PHEVs can be charged by
plugging into an outside electric power source, engine, or regenerative braking. When brakes are applied, the electric motor
acts as a generator, using the energy to charge the battery. The engine’s power is supplemented by the electric motor; as a
result, smaller engines can be used, increasing the car’s fuel efficiency without compromising performance.
14. Fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV)
FCEVs are also known as Zero-Emission Vehicles. They employ
‘fuel cell technology’ to generate the electricity required to run the
vehicle. The chemical energy of the fuel is converted directly into
electric energy.
Main Components of FCEV:
Electric motor, Fuel-cell stack, Hydrogen storage tank, battery with
converter and controller
15. Working principles of FCEV
The FCEV generates the electricity required to run this vehicle on the vehicle itself.
16. Hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)
HEVs are also known as series hybrid or parallel hybrid. HEVs have both engine
and electric motor. The engine gets energy from fuel, and the motor gets
electricity from batteries. The transmission is rotated simultaneously by both
engine and electric motor. This then drives the wheels.
main components of HEV:
Engine, Electric motor, Battery pack with controller & inverter, Fuel tank,
Control module
17. Working principles of HEV
The fuel tank supplies energy to the engine like a regular car. The batteries run on
an electric motor. Both the engine and electric motor can turn the transmission at
the same time.
18. Charging station in EVs
A charging station, also known as a charge point or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a piece of
equipment that supplies electrical power for charging plug-in electric vehicles (including electric cars, electric
trucks, electric buses, and plug-in hybrids).
There are two main types
AC charging stations and DC charging stations. Batteries can only be charged with (DC) electric power, while most
electricity is delivered from the power grid as (AC). For this reason, most electric vehicles have a built-in AC-to-DC
converter, commonly known as the "onboard charger". At an AC charging station, AC power from the grid is
supplied to this onboard charger, which produces DC power to charge the battery. DC chargers facilitate higher
power charging (which requires much larger AC-to-DC converters) by building the converter into the charging
station instead of the vehicle to avoid size and weight restrictions. The station then supplies DC power to the vehicle
directly, bypassing the onboard converter. Most fully electric car models can accept both AC and DC power.
19. Charging station in EVs
Alternating current (AC)
AC charging stations connect the vehicle's onboard charging circuitry directly to the AC supply.
AC Level 1: Connects directly to a standard 120 V North American outlet; capable of supplying 6–16 A (0.7–
1.92 kilowatts or "kW") depending on the capacity of a dedicated circuit.
AC Level 2: Utilizes 240 V (single phase) or 208 V (three phase) power to supply between 6 and 80 A (1.4–19.2 kW). It
provides a significant charging speed increase over AC Level 1 charging.
Direct current (DC)
Commonly, though incorrectly, called "Level 3" charging based on the older NEC-1999 definition, DC charging is
categorized separately in the SAE standard. In DC fast-charging, grid AC power is passed through an AC-to-DC converter
in the station before reaching the vehicle's battery, bypassing any AC-to-DC converter onboard the vehicle.
DC Level 1: Supplies a maximum of 80 kW at 50–1000 V.
DC Level 2: Supplies a maximum of 400 kW at 50–1000 V.
20. Connectors
Common connectors include Type 1 (Yazaki), Type 2 and Type 3 CCS Combo 1 and 2, Tesla. Many standard plug types
are defined in IEC 62196-2 (for AC supplied power) and 62196-3 (for DC supplied power):
Type 1: single-phase AC vehicle coupler – SAE J1772/2009 automotive plug specifications
Type 2: single- and three-phase AC vehicle coupler – VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2, SAE J3068, and GB/T 20234.2 plug
specifications
Type 3: single- and three-phase AC vehicle coupler equipped with safety shutters – EV Plug Alliance proposal
Type 4: DC fast charge couplers
Configuration AA: CCBG
Configuration BB: GB/T 20234.3
Configurations CC/DD: (reserved)
Configuration EE: CCS Combo 1
Configuration FF: CCS Combo 2
21. Advantages of EVS
Reduce dependence on oil and gasoline
Pollutants and noise free
Recyclable batteries
No fire hazards
Low maintenance and operation cost
22. Disadvantages of EVs
High recharge time
Silence may be fatal
Range lies between 25-30 miles only
High price , Tesla model cost around
$50,000
23. Need of electric cars
More efficient
Less maintenance
Cost effective
Contributes to cleaner air
To preserve the fossil fuels
24. Conclusion
Increase the overall energy efficiency of cars
Lower our toxic emission and localize green house effects
Important to produce vehicles that do less, have a longer
range , and use less energy
