The document discusses electoral politics and elections in India. It provides background on state assembly elections in Haryana in 1987, where the opposition Lok Dal party formed by Chaudhary Devi Lal promised loan waivers and won a majority of seats. It then discusses why elections are needed to choose representatives and form governments, and what makes elections democratic, including universal adult suffrage, multiple parties/candidates, and conducting elections freely and fairly.

1. ELECTORAL POLITICS
CLASS-NINE ‘SOCIAL’

2. WHY ELECTION?
 1982- 1987 congress party ruled over Haryana.
 1987-Next State assembly election in Haryana.
 Chaudhary devi lal of opposition party formed new party called
lok dal.
 He struggle for justice (Nyaya yudh).
 Devi lal and his front joint election campaign. He promise to
waive the loan of farmers and business man.
 Most people were attracted with his promised and won the
majority vote i.e. 60 out of 90 seats.
 Lok dal won the state assembly and formed MLA who later
elected Devi Lal as chief minister.
 After 3 days, with the declaration of chief minister he fulfilled his
promised.
 His party ruled for 4 years.
 In next 1991 election, congress party took over the govt.

4. WHY DO WE NEED ELECTION?
 To choose people’s representative
 Representative to take a proper decision on all matters.
 Can choose who will make laws for them.
 Can choose who will form the government and take
major decision.
 Can choose the party whose policies will guide the
government and law making.

5. WHAT MAKES AN ELECTION DEMOCRATIC?
 Everyone should able to choose through voting right.
 Needs parties and candidates to contest an election.
 Should offer real choice to the people.
 Choice should offered regular after interval.
 Candidates preferred by people should get elected.
 Election should conduct through free and fair.

6. Home Work Questions
1. What do you understand by the term election?
2. Why do we have representative government in most
democracies?
3. What is the mechanism by which people can choose
their representatives and change them if they wish
to?
4. Why do we need election?
5. What makes an election democratic? Give five reason.

7. Is it good to have
political competition?
?

8. Merits of Election
 Political leaders know what is good for the people
 Try and Improve the knowledge and character of
political leaders
 Set up system where political leaders were rewarded or
punish by people.

9. Demerits of the Election
 Creates a sense of disunity and factionalism in every
locality.
 Political leaders often accuse against one another.
 Party and candidates always use dirty tricks to win
election.
 Some good people do not enter into this political
argument as they do not wanted to be in unhealthy
competition.

10. What is our system of election?
 Election held every after five years for
Lok- Sabha and Vidhan Sabha
 After the term representatives has to dissolve.

11. Election
 General Election:- Election held in all constituencies
at the same time, day or within few days.
 By Election:- Election held in any constituency to fill
the vacancy caused by death or resignation of a
member.

12. Electoral Constituencies:-
An area based system of electing
representative.
 the voter can elect on representative.

13. Electoral Constituencies of India
Lok Sabha: At Central Level
 543 Constituencies
 Election for MP ( Member of Parliament )

14. At State Level
 State is divided into constituencies
 Election for MLA ( Member of Legislative Assembly)

15. At Local Level
 The Village or Town is divided into wards.
 Election for Panchayat and Municipal Committee

16. Gurbarga Lok Sabha Constituency

17. Reserve Constituencies
 In Democratic Country like India
 Every citizen has right to elect his/her
representative
 Every citizen has right to be elected as a
representative

18. Need of Reserve Constituencies
 Some weaker section may not get chance to elect in
MP and MLA
 They may not be having required education and
contact to contest election.
 Those who are influential and resourceful may prevent
them from winning election

19. Reserve Seats
 SC : 79 seats in Lok Sabha
 ST : 41 seats in Lok Sabha
 OBC: Reserve seats in local and district bodies

20. Lok Sabha Constituencies
PAGE ---63 MAP

21. Voter List
 After deciding constituencies,
 Now have to decide who can and who cannot vote.
 Electoral List or Voter List:- It is a list of eligible person
who can give vote.

22. Right to Vote
 Universal Adult Franchise
 One person, one vote, one value is there
 No one should denied the right to vote without having
good reason
 No any discrimination during voting time

23. Right to Vote Denied
 Person having criminal record
 Unsent Mind

24. Government responsibilities
 To get name of eligible voters
 Add the name of a person attain voting age to the
voters’ list and delete of those who were dead.
 A complete revision of the list, every after five years.
 Voter can require to take Election Photo Identity Card
or Ration Card or Driving License etc.

25. Nomination of Candidates
 no restriction on anyone to contest election.
 Voter can also as candidate in election.
 minimum age of 25 yrs for the candidate and 18 yrs for
the voter
 Criminals can’t contest election
 Political parties nominate candidates, he should have
party support and symbol.
 Ticket: Party’s nomination is called Ticket.

26. Rules for the Nomination of
Candidate
 Person wishes to contest election should do the
following:
1. Fill up the nominee form
2. Give security deposits
3. Give details of serious criminal record pending
4. Details of families, assets and liability
5. Detail of education qualification only for formalities

27. Election Campaign
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
NU-XFYixnGk

28. Election Campaign- Why and When
 Purpose of election is to give people chance to choose
their leader
 To have free and open discussion is necessary
 Election campaign can done only to educate the voters
about their future program and policies
 Campaign is for two weeks period
-It is done between
-the announcement of final list of candidates and
date of polling

29. During campaign
 Candidates contact their voters
 Leaders address election meetings
 Mobilize their supporters
 Party try to focus public attention on big issues
 To attract the party in that issue they made slogans
 Election related stories and debates will show in the
TV news or Newspaper.

30. Party’s Slogans
 To attract the voters. They give big issue or slogans
 E.g.:Parties Slogan
 Congress Party 1971– Garibi Hatao
 Janata Dal 1977- Save Democracy
 Left front 1977- Land to the tiller
 Telegu Democracy party 1983– Protect the self respect of
telegu.

31. law for free and fair electionn
 According to election law, no party or candidate can
 Bribe and threaten voters are not acceptable.
 No suppose to use Government resources for Election
campaign.
 Not allowed to appeal on religion and caste.
 Should not spend more than ` 25 lakh in constituency of
lok Sabah ` 10 lakh in state or assembly election

32. Code of Conduct
 It is Set of rules and guidance for the parties and its
candidates

33. Election Day and Venue
 Day :- The day when voters vote.
 Venue :- Polling booth situated in local
schools and government offices.

34. To cast vote one should have
Photo Identity Card Put a mark on finger

35. Early time voting Present day voting
Ballot Paper Electronic Voting Machine

36. After Polling
 EVM are sealed and taken to a secure place
 Opened after a few days on a fixed date
 Counting is done in-front of candidate’s agent
 Highest number of vote from constituency is declared
elected
 Result will announce or report the event in Television,
radio and newspaper.

37. What makes elections in
India democratic?

38. Unfair Practice in Election
 Inclusion of false names
 Misuse of government facilities by ruling party.
 Excessive use of money by rich candidates
 Threaten voters and fraud and mal practice on the
poling day.

39. Election Commission
 He has the power to conduct Elections.
 Ruling party or the government cannot pressurize
election commission.
 Is elected by the president of India.
 Is not answerable to the questions of president.

40. Power of Election Commission
 Takes decision of every aspects of election.
 Punishes if violates code of conducts.
 Gives guidelines like preventing usage of government
property.
 During election, Election Commission controls the
government.
 If Election Commission do not satisfied or see some
unfair practice in election then he may ask parties for
re-polling.

41. Popular Participant
 Voter Turnout:- People’s participation in election is
measured by voter turnout figures.
 It is shown in graph,
 It shows how many of eligible voters have voted.

42.  Most voters are poor, underprivileged and illiterate
in India where as in America, costs of the voters
are rich and the white people.
 Common people participate in Election as they
believe that they can bring pressure on political
parties to adopt policies in their favor.
 Interests in votes are increasing over a years.

43. Acceptance of Election Outcome
 Fair Election.
 Ruling parties always lose election (centre and
state)
 Half of MP and MLA lose elections.
 Criminal connection and those who invest lots of
money often lose election.
 Election accepts people verdicts

44. Challenges of Free and Fair Election
 Big parties and candidates enjoy unfair advantages
over smaller parties.
 A candidate having criminal connection gets the
ticket easily.
 Families tend to dominate the party and gibes
tickets to their families and relatives.
 No choice to ordinary citizen regarding its policies
and practice.
 Small parties suffer disadvantages as compared to
bigger parties.

45. THANK YOU