The document discusses the significant crop losses in India amounting to Rs 1,40,000 crores annually due to pests and weeds, encapsulating the advantages and disadvantages of pesticide use. It emphasizes the need for efficient pesticide spraying technologies, particularly electrostatic sprayers, which enhance droplet charge and improve deposition rates on crops while reducing environmental contamination. Various case studies are cited to illustrate the effectiveness of different electrostatic parameters and their impact on maximizing agricultural productivity.

2. Chairman
Dr. P. K. Sahoo
Principal Scientist
Bholuram Gurjar
M.Tech Scholar
Bholuram Gurjar
M.Tech Scholar
IARI
IARI
Seminar Leader
Dr. Tapan kumar khura
Senior Scientist

3. YIELD
LOSS
YIELD
LOSS
Diseases Weeds Insects
The estimated crop loss was of the value of Rs 1,40,000 Crores / Year
The estimated crop loss was of the value of Rs 1,40,000 Crores / Year
(Up to 37% of the total food production is lost)
(Up to 37% of the total food production is lost)
(Pimentel and Levitan 2008)

4. Advantages of pesticides
Improving productivity
Protection of crop from losses/yield reduction
Quality of food
Disadvantages
contamination of the environment
 leaving residues in food
risk of poisoning of farm workers

8. Spraying technology
HHiigghh vvoolluummee sspprraayyiinngg
LLooww vvoolluummee sspprraayyiinngg
UUllttrraa llooww vvoolluummee sspprraayyiinngg

12. PPaarraammeetteerr aaffffeeccttiinngg sspprraayyiinngg

13. SSpprraayy ddrriifftt
Physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles
through the air at the time of pesticide application or
soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target
Physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles
through the air at the time of pesticide application or
soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target
site
(Bradley et al 2010)
site
(Bradley et al 2010)

14. There are two kinds of drift:-
Particle drift is off-target movement of the spray particles
Vapor drift is the volatilization of the pesticide modules and their
movement off target
There are two kinds of drift:-
Particle drift is off-target movement of the spray particles
Vapor drift is the volatilization of the pesticide modules and their
movement off target

15. DDrriifftt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
Choose appropriate nozzle which can have better converge on surface with
optimum size droplet
Choose appropriate nozzle which can have better converge on surface with
optimum size droplet
RReedduucciningg t hthee d disistatannccee b beetwtweeeenn t atarrggeet ta anndd n noozzzzlele i sis u usseeffuul lf foorr d deeccrreeaassiningg d drrifift t
SSoommee a adddditiitvivee c caann b bee u usseedd a at ts spprraayyiningg c chheemmicicaal lf foorr r reedduucciningg d drrififtt
The reduction in drift used electrostatic force on smaller droplets than the
gravitational force
The reduction in drift used electrostatic force on smaller droplets than the
gravitational force

16. EEllEEccttrroossttaattiicc sspprraayyEErr wwoorrkkss oonn tthhEE
pprriinncciippllEE ooff ccoouulloommbb''ss llaaww
Electrostatic force of attraction (F): F = q*E
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

17. Electrostatic Charging System
Induction charging (5 to 20 kV)
corona charging (30 to 70 kV)
Direct charging (25 to 30 kV)
Induction charging (5 to 20 kV)
corona charging (30 to 70 kV)
Direct charging (25 to 30 kV)

18. CCAASSEE SSTTUUDDYY --II
Design and performance of inductive electrostatic
sprayer
Location: China
Objective: Design inductive electrostatic sprayer and evaluates their parameter
Jai et al., 2013
 Charge to mass ratio
 Particle size
 Velocity of droplets
 Deposit rate of pesticide

19. CChhaarrggee ttoo mmaassss rraattiioo
FFaarraaddaayy ccyylliinnddeerr

20. CChhaarrggee--ttoo--mmaassss rraattiioo
Voltage=20KV

21. PPhhaassee DDoopppplleerr ppaarrttiicclleess aannaallyyzzeerr

22. DDrroopplleett ssiizzee ooff cchhaarrggeedd aanndd uunncchhaarrggeedd ddrroopplleettss
Droplets size (μm) Uncharged droplets
(μm)
Charged droplets
(μm)
D
10
28.1 18.2
D
30
34.8 26.1
D
43
59.2 50.0

23. DDeeppoossiittiioonn rraattee

24. PPaarrttiiccllee ssiizzee ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn
Particle size distribution Particle size distribution oof fu unncchhaargrgeedd d droroppleletsts PPaartritciclele s sizizee d disistrtirbibuutitoionn o of fc chhaargrgeedd d droroppleletsts

25. Distribution of mean axial velocity of charged and uncharged droplets
Distribution of mean axial velocity of charged and uncharged droplets
Working pressure =0.3 MP

26. Charge-to-mass ratio increases with working
pressure
High-pressure electrostatic force can reduce
the number and improve the distribution of
droplet particles
Charged droplets can also improve and enhance
the uniformity of mean velocity distribution
Deposition rate of charged droplets is better
than that of uncharged droplets

27. CCAASSEE SSTTUUDDYY --IIII
Effect of Electrostatic Induction Parameters on Droplets
Charging for Agricultural Application
Location: Iran
Objective: Evaluate and quantify the charging of droplets created
by an electrostatic sprayer
Maynagh et al., 2009

28. Experimental set up

29. R=15 mm R=10 mm
Relationship between voltage and current for a
15 mm radius the electrode
Relationship between voltage and current for
a 10 mm radius electrode
N#1 N#2 N#3
N#4 N#5 N#6
(RPM)9300 (RPM)10300 (RPM)11350 (RPM)12100 (RPM)13200 (RPM)14050
(ms-1)14 (ms-1)14.9 (ms-1)17 (ms-1)20.2 (ms-1)21.6 (ms-1)23

30. Effect on current of distance between
electrode and nozzle tip
Effect on current of distance between electrode
and nozzle tip for R= 15. mm
L = Horizontal distance between electrode and nozzle tip (mm)
N#4=12100(rpm)

31. R=10mm, L=10mm R=10mm, L=10mm
Effect of liquid flow rate on current Charge to mass ratio versus flow Rate
N#3=11350(rpm)
5 12

32. Voltage on the electrode increases, more charge of
the opposite sign to that of the induction surface
(electrode) is induced on the droplets
Slope of a portion of the curves between 1.5 to 3
kV is greater than that for the other parts for all
curves
Increasing liquid flow rate, the charged current
spray is first increased and then starts dropping

33. Increment in the relative number of droplets and
weakening of the field through wetness of the
electrode for liquid flow rates of between 12 to 25
ml min-1
Optimum combination different parameters :
Q= 5 ml min-1, V= 3 kV, L= 10 mm,
N #4=12100(RPM), and R= 15 mm

34. CCoonncclluussiioonn
Deposition rate of charged droplets is better than that of uncharged
droplets (directional movement on the crops and affect the deposition
rate on the underside of leaves)
High-pressure electrostatic force can reduce the number and improve
the distribution of droplet particles
Savings of pesticides for the farmers as well as to lesser
environmental contamination

35. Thank you . .