Dhruvin Goyani
M.Tech Structural
This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis
Report on Study on Base Isolation Techniques.Gaurav Mewara
Base Isolation technique is on of the advance technique used for construction of earthquake resisting sturcture.
All earthquake resisting structure are based on this technique.
This consit report on study of base isolation with its advantages disadvanges.
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
The Pushover Analysis from basics - Rahul LeslieRahul Leslie
Pushover analysis has been in the academic-research arena for quite long. The papers published in this field usually deals mostly with proposed improvements to the approach, expecting the reader to know the basics of the topic... while the common structural design practitioner, not knowing the basics, is left out from participating in those discussions. Here I’m making an effort to bridge that gap by explaining the Pushover analysis, from basics, in its simplicity.
A write up on this topic can be found at http://rahulleslie.blogspot.in/p/blog-page.html, though does not cover the full spectrum presented in this slide show.
Earthquake resistant building constructiondaspriyabrata3
1 INTRODUCTION
2 EARTHQUAKE THEORY
3 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND ENERGY
4 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
5 MAJOR EARTHQUAKES
6 NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR ESTIMATED
MAGNITUDE
7 HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION IS
DIFFERENT
8 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
9 EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
10 ROLES OF FLOOR AND MASONRY WALLS SLABS
11 STRENGTH HIERARCHY
12 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
13 EARTHQUAKE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
14 REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES
15 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK(RHCBM)
16 STRUCTURAL FEATURES
17 STRUCTURAL ADVANTAGES
18 CONSTRUCTIONAL ADVANTAGES
19 ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER ADVANTAGES
20 STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE COST ECONOMICS OF RHCBM
21 MID-LEVEL ISOLATION 32-34
22 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE BUILDING USING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS WITH SLIDING ON CONCAVE SURFACE
23 DESCRIPTION
24 CONCEPT OF FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING
25 SLIDING PENDULUM SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM
26 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
27 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
28 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
29 ESTIMATION
30 CONCLUSION
31 BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Part-II: Seismic Analysis/Design of Multi-storied RC Buildings using STAAD.Pr...Rahul Leslie
For novice, please continue from "Modelling Building Frame with STAAD.Pro & ETABS" (http://www.slideshare.net/rahulleslie/modelling-building-frame-with-staadpro-etabs-rahul-leslie).
This is a presentation covering almost all aspects of Seismic analysis & design of Multi-storied RC Structures using the Indian code IS:1893-2016 (New edition), with references to IS:13920-2015 (Code for ductile detailing) & IS:16700-2017 (code for design of tall buildings) where relevant; following for each aspect of the code, (1) The clause/formula (2) It's explanation/theory (3) How it is/can be implemented in the software packages of (i) STAAD.Pro and (ii) ETABS
This is the latest edition of the earlier slides based on IS:1893-2002 which this one supersedes. This is Part-II of a two part series.
Dhruvin Goyani
M.Tech Structural
This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis
Report on Study on Base Isolation Techniques.Gaurav Mewara
Base Isolation technique is on of the advance technique used for construction of earthquake resisting sturcture.
All earthquake resisting structure are based on this technique.
This consit report on study of base isolation with its advantages disadvanges.
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
The Pushover Analysis from basics - Rahul LeslieRahul Leslie
Pushover analysis has been in the academic-research arena for quite long. The papers published in this field usually deals mostly with proposed improvements to the approach, expecting the reader to know the basics of the topic... while the common structural design practitioner, not knowing the basics, is left out from participating in those discussions. Here I’m making an effort to bridge that gap by explaining the Pushover analysis, from basics, in its simplicity.
A write up on this topic can be found at http://rahulleslie.blogspot.in/p/blog-page.html, though does not cover the full spectrum presented in this slide show.
Earthquake resistant building constructiondaspriyabrata3
1 INTRODUCTION
2 EARTHQUAKE THEORY
3 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND ENERGY
4 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
5 MAJOR EARTHQUAKES
6 NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR ESTIMATED
MAGNITUDE
7 HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION IS
DIFFERENT
8 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
9 EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
10 ROLES OF FLOOR AND MASONRY WALLS SLABS
11 STRENGTH HIERARCHY
12 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
13 EARTHQUAKE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
14 REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES
15 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK(RHCBM)
16 STRUCTURAL FEATURES
17 STRUCTURAL ADVANTAGES
18 CONSTRUCTIONAL ADVANTAGES
19 ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER ADVANTAGES
20 STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE COST ECONOMICS OF RHCBM
21 MID-LEVEL ISOLATION 32-34
22 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE BUILDING USING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS WITH SLIDING ON CONCAVE SURFACE
23 DESCRIPTION
24 CONCEPT OF FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING
25 SLIDING PENDULUM SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM
26 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
27 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
28 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
29 ESTIMATION
30 CONCLUSION
31 BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Part-II: Seismic Analysis/Design of Multi-storied RC Buildings using STAAD.Pr...Rahul Leslie
For novice, please continue from "Modelling Building Frame with STAAD.Pro & ETABS" (http://www.slideshare.net/rahulleslie/modelling-building-frame-with-staadpro-etabs-rahul-leslie).
This is a presentation covering almost all aspects of Seismic analysis & design of Multi-storied RC Structures using the Indian code IS:1893-2016 (New edition), with references to IS:13920-2015 (Code for ductile detailing) & IS:16700-2017 (code for design of tall buildings) where relevant; following for each aspect of the code, (1) The clause/formula (2) It's explanation/theory (3) How it is/can be implemented in the software packages of (i) STAAD.Pro and (ii) ETABS
This is the latest edition of the earlier slides based on IS:1893-2002 which this one supersedes. This is Part-II of a two part series.
Seismic analysis of low to medium rise building for base isolationeSAT Journals
Abstract
Seismic isolation is an alternative to conventional design methods for dealing with earthquake loadings in relatively high frequency
structures, especially in low to medium rise buildings. One of the goals of seismic isolation is to shift the fundamental frequency of the
structure away from the dominant frequencies of seismic excitations and fundamental frequency of the fixed base structure. This
innovative design approach aims mainly at the isolation of a structure from the supporting ground, usually in the horizontal directions
in order to reduce the transmission of the earthquake motion to the super structure.
In this paper seismic analysis performed for a low to medium rise fixed base building and it was observed that the fundamental time
period of the fixed system are typically in the resonance range of 0.1 sec. to 2.0 sec. This results in amplification of the ground
acceleration causing severe damage to structures and their contents. To avoid such a situation, the period must be lengthened, by
increasing the flexibility of the structure by introducing seismic base isolators between the foundation and super structures. A six
storey structure under both fixed base and seismically isolated boundary conditions is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of
seismic isolation. The comparative result shows that maximum floor acceleration, inter-storey drifts and storey shear forces are
reduced substantially for seismically isolated structure.
Keywords: Seismic base isolation, Seismic resistant design, Lead rubber bearings, Response spectrum analysis, Time
period.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Seismic analysis of low to medium rise building for base isolation copyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Seismic isolation is an alternative to conventional design methods for dealing with earthquake loadings in relatively high frequency
structures, especially in low to medium rise buildings. One of the goals of seismic isolation is to shift the fundamental frequency of the
structure away from the dominant frequencies of seismic excitations and fundamental frequency of the fixed base structure. This
innovative design approach aims mainly at the isolation of a structure from the supporting ground, usually in the horizontal directions
in order to reduce the transmission of the earthquake motion to the super structure.
In this paper seismic analysis performed for a low to medium rise fixed base building and it was observed that the fundamental time
period of the fixed system are typically in the resonance range of 0.1 sec. to 2.0 sec. This results in amplification of the ground
acceleration causing severe damage to structures and their contents. To avoid such a situation, the period must be lengthened, by
increasing the flexibility of the structure by introducing seismic base isolators between the foundation and super structures. A six
storey structure under both fixed base and seismically isolated boundary conditions is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of
seismic isolation. The comparative result shows that maximum floor acceleration, inter-storey drifts and storey shear forces are
reduced substantially for seismically isolated structure.
Keywords: Seismic base isolation, Seismic resistant design, Lead rubber bearings, Response spectrum analysis, Time
period.
Eatrhquake response of reinforced cocrete multi storey building with base iso...eSAT Journals
Abstract A seismic base isolation is an earthquake resistant design method that is based on reducing the seismic demand and also the ductility demand. The basic concept of base isolation system is to increase the natural time period of the fixed base building and to protect the structure from the seismic effect. The main purpose of this work is to study the dynamic response of structure when subjected to different isolators. For this purpose, a three dimensional response spectrum analysis and time history analysis is performed using a commercial structural analysis software package called as SAP 2000 to study the influence of isolation damping on building. The main objective is to make a comparison between the fixed base building and various isolation systems such as friction pendulum isolator, lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolator and high damping rubber isolator, subjected to strong earthquakes to achieve an optimal design of the base isolation system. SAP 2000, a popular large scale explicit finite element analysis software used to stimulate the behavior of base isolated structure. In the present work, it was found that base isolation substantially increases the time period of structure and hence correspondingly reduces the base shear. The top displacement for fixed and isolated cases conspicuously shows the reduction in the case of isolated frame. The study shows that the bending moment and shear force values are reduced for base isolated frame when compared to fixed base building. From design consideration the steel requirement is reduced in base isolated structures when compared to fixed base building. Key Words: Isolators, SAP2000
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF UNSYMMETRIC BUILDING WITH OPTIMALLY PLACED FRICTION DAMPERSIAEME Publication
Conventional methods of seismic rehabilitation with concrete shear walls or steel bracing
are not considered suitable for some buildings as upgrades with these methods would have
required expensive and time consuming foundation work. Supplemental damping in
conjunction with appropriate stiffness offers an innovative and attractive solution for the
seismic rehabilitation of such structures. This paper deals with the use of friction damper as a
passive dissipative device in order to seismic retrofit of existing structures and discusses the
optimal placement criteria. To fulfill this objective, six storey and ten storey L-shaped
buildings have been modeled with five different damper location formats in SAP2000 subjected
to El Centro and Utterkashi earthquake records. Non-Linear Modal Time History Method has
been used for the analysis and base shear, joint displacement, member forces and hysteresis
energy has been compared to find out most optimal damper location format.
seismic response of multi storey building equipped with steel bracingINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Steel bracing has proven to be one of the most effective systems in resisting lateral loads. Although its use to upgrade the lateral load capacity of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames has been the subject of numerous studies, guidelines for its use in newly constructed RC frames still need to be developed. In this paper the study reveals that seismic performance of moment resisting RC frames with different patterns of bracing system. The three different types of bracings were used i.e. X - bracing system, V - bracing system and Inverted V - bracing system. This arrangement helped in reducing the structural response (i.e. displacement, interstorey drift, Shear Forces & Bending Moments) of the designed building structure. An (G+6) storey building was modelled and designed as per the code provisions of IS-1893:2002. And linear analysis is been carried out in the global X direction. The analysis was conducted with a view of accessing the seismic elastic performance of the building structure.
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF RC FRAMED STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT INFILLSIAEME Publication
Earthquakes are the nature’s greatest hazard which cannot be exactly predicted by human
beings. Earthquake is a sudden movement of earth’s surface with the release of massive energy
in the form of seismic waves. There are so many methods to control the vibration of the
buildings like passive, active and hybrid control systems.[1] Base isolation is a passive control
system. In the present work, a (G+3) structure considering with and without infill’s subjected
to seismic force along with static gravity loads are analyzed using Response Spectrum Method
in ETABS-2015 package. From the study, the response of the structure obtained is time period,
base shear, story displacement and inter-story drifts and also the comparison is drawn for the
same parameters considering structure as bare and infill frames. The variation in percentage
of steel is also presented. It is found that the time period and story displacement increases
while base shear and story drifts gets reduces with the provision of effective base isolators.
BEHAVIOUR OF STEEL STAGGERED TRUSS SYSTEM UNDER SEISMIC LOADINGIAEME Publication
Staggered truss system is a prospective steel structure system for multi-story and high-rise
buildings. The staggered truss framing system arose from the use of system design techniques to
improve efficiency in building construction. Staggered truss systems have proved to be effective in
integrating the structural and mechanical requirements. In addition, cost reductions arising from
reduced steel tonnage and reduced building volume may be achieved from the use of these framing
methods. The purpose of this project is analytical investigation on the behavior of an 8-storey steel
staggered-truss system using the ETABS software.
Dynamic Analysis of Soft Storey Frame with IsolatorsIJMTST Journal
Soft storey buildings are very common in Indian housing construction and the bottom storey is left open without walls for car parking. Past earthquakes showed that these kinds of buildings performed poor and the damages are also heavy. As the base isolation is a technique developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an earthquake, this study focuses on the time history analysis of a soft-storey building with and without lead rubber isolator. The soft-storey building with and without isolator is analysed using Elcenrto earthquake data and the dynamic characteristics are compared.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
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Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
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One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
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2. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 34 editor@iaeme.com
characteristics. Seismic protection by base isolation is mainly used for hospitals, emergency
communication centers, fire stations, traffic management centers, historical buildings and other
buildings of importance. [1]Performance of the base isolated buildings in different parts of the world
during earthquakes in the recent past established that the base isolated technology is a viable
alternative to the conventional earthquake resistant design of a large category of buildings.
The essential concept is towards lengthening the period of the structure such that the spectral
acceleration is reduced. The super-structure essentially acts like a rigid body, thus reducing the inter-
storey drift. When the period is increased, pseudo-acceleration is decreased and hence the force in
the structure gets reduced (Figure 1[2]). However, the displacement of the system increases
drastically.
[3]Isolation systems used for seismic protection of buildings and bridges are mainly
elastomeric isolation systems or sliding isolation systems. Flexibility in elastomeric isolation systems
is provided by elastomeric bearings (laminated rubber bearings reinforced with steel plates). Energy-
dissipation capacity is provided by inherent damping capacity of the rubber, as in high-damping
elastomeric bearings. A typical low damping natural rubber bearing isolator is shown in Figure 2[4].
Fig 1. Elastic design spectrum [2]
Fig 2. Natural rubber isolator for the Foothill Communities Law and Justice Center showing
laminated construction [4]
3. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 35 editor@iaeme.com
II. DEVELOPMENT OF EQUATIONS
A. To find the thickness of isolator
Fig 3. Behaviour of isolator under shear
Shear strain of the isolator, γ is given by (Figure 3),
γ=
∆
t
Where ∆ = Length of deformation
t=thickness of the isolator
γ is assumed to be 100% in this analysis.
Therefore, ∆=
is the spectral displacement of the structure as per IS 1893-2002 Part I. We assume that the
isolator gets deformed keeping the structure intact. Hence the maximum displacement of isolator
is
i.e, = [1]
But, Sd=
Sa
ω2 [2]
Therefore t= ω2
[3]
Where,
Sa= Spectral acceleration of the isolator
ω = frequency of the structure
By considering the zone factor (Z), importance factor (I) and response reduction factor (R), the
above equation can be written as
t=
Ah
ω2
[4]
Where, the horizontal acceleration coefficient,
for DBE, Ah=
Z
2
I
R
Sa
g
for MCE Ah=Z
I
R
Sa
g
B. To find diameter of isolator
The linear frequency of the isolator is given by,
f=
1
2ᴫ
k
m
[5]
Where k= Stiffness of the isolator
m= Mass of the isolator
4. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 36 editor@iaeme.com
2ᴫf=
k
m
ω
2
=
k
m
[6]
ω= Natural frequency of the isolator
Horizontal stiffness of the isolator,
KH
=
Load
Deflection
[7]
Load = Shear stress Cross sectional area
From eq (7),
= [8]
Substituting the value of stiffness in Eq.(6), we get
ω2
=
GA
tm
GA
ω2t
=
W
g
[9]
Using Eq(1) the above equation can be modified as,
Gg
=
W
A
[10]
Also
Sd=
Sa
ω2
[11]
Substituting Eq(11) in Eq(10),
(
!"
#
)
=
%
&
Therefore,
A=
W (
Sa
g
)
G
[12]
D =
(%(
!"
#
)
ᴫ
[13]
Incorporating the Importance factor, Response reduction factor and Zone factor, the above equation
can be modified as
D=
4Wf⍺1⍺2⍺3
πG
[14]
Where
⍺1=
I
R
5. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 37 editor@iaeme.com
⍺2=
*
+
for DBE
Z for MCE
⍺3= 1.0 for hard soil
1.36 for medium soil
1.67 for soft soil
C. Layering of Isolator
To keep the ratio of the horizontal and vertical stiffness equal for the different isolator sets, a
parameter called Shape factor, S is introduced, which is a dimensionless measure of the aspect ratio
of the single layer of the elastomer. For a single pad in the form of a complete circle, the
compression modulus EC is given by
,- ≈ 6/ +
[15]
Also,
0 =
12
[16]
Considering Eq (8) and Eq(16), the following relation can be obtained.
Ec
G
=
Kv
KH
[17]
From Eq(6),
EC
G
=
ωv
2
ωH
2 [18]
Or, it can be further modified as
14
=
56
57
[19]
Therefore Eq(15) can be re-written as,
6S2
=
fv
2
fH
2 [20]
It is assumed that 89 = 20 8
Therefore, ≈ 10
=
Loaded area
Force free area
For circular isolator,
=
Cross section area
Curved surface area
=
:; /(
:;
[21]
=
;
(
[22]
Therefore,
t=
D
4S
[23]
The above equation shows that by varying the number of sandwich layer, quite a large
variation in vertical stiffness of the individual isolator element could be achieved.
6. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 38 editor@iaeme.com
III. CASE STUDY
A. Description of the structure analysed
The structure analysed is a two bay three storied reinforced concrete framed structure
consisting of three frames (Frame-1 to Frame-3). The centre to centre distance between the columns
is 3000mm and the height of each storey is 3600mm. The column section is of 300mm X 400mm
size consisting of two 16mm bars at top and bottom. The beam section is also of 300mm X 400mm
size consisting of two 12mm bars on either side.
Fig 4. Elevation and plan view of the frame
Column has 8mm diameter ties spaced at 150mm centres and beam has 8mm diameter two
legged stirrups at 100mm centres. The slab is 150mm thick with 12mm bars at 200mm centres with
reinforcement for support moment provided separately. Figure 4 shows the elevation and typical plan
view of the frame tested for verification of time history analysis methodology.
B. Design of base isolator
Models were created in SAP 2000 without base isolator (Figure 5), with linear base isolator
and with non-linear base isolator. Dead load analysis was done for the self weight of the system and
axial load acting on each column was obtained (Table 1). The structure was assumed to be in Zone
V, built on soft soil. The rubber used for the isolator is assumed to have a shear modulus of
0.35MPa.
7. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
Fig 5.
Table 1: Axial Load on Column
Column Number Axial Load
(kN)
1 81.45
2 122.8
3 81.45
4 127.1
5 195.1
6 127.1
7 81.45
8 122.8
9 81.45
Columns 1, 3, 7 and 9 have same axial load. Also, columns 2, 4,
Therefore, 3 isolators were designed for the whole structure.
Fig 6. Detail design of isolator for central column
The detail design of isolator below the central column is given in Figure 6.
Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 39
Fig 5. SAP 2000 model of the frame
Axial Load on Column and Dimensions of Base Isolator
Thickness of Rubber
(mm)
Diameter of
Isolator (mm)
150 220
150 280
150 220
150 280
150 420
150 280
150 220
150 280
150 220
Columns 1, 3, 7 and 9 have same axial load. Also, columns 2, 4, 6 and 8 have similar loads.
Therefore, 3 isolators were designed for the whole structure.
Detail design of isolator for central column
The detail design of isolator below the central column is given in Figure 6.
Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
editor@iaeme.com
f Base Isolator
Thickness of Layer
(mm)
5.5
7
5.5
7
11
7
5.5
7
5.5
6 and 8 have similar loads.
8. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
C. Linear time history analysis
Initially a gravity load analysis and modal analysis is carried out the system. Linear time
history analysis of the frame is carried out using SAP
7) is used in the time history analysis. Figure 8 shows the SAP
isolator.
Fig 7. North-South component of El Centro earthquake, May 18, 1940
Fig 8. SAP model of the frame with base isolator
Acceleration on the building and displacement of the building, before and after installatio
base isolator is compared. Graphs are plotted for the same (Figure 9 and 10).
Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 40
Linear time history analysis
tially a gravity load analysis and modal analysis is carried out the system. Linear time
history analysis of the frame is carried out using SAP-2000 software. El Centro earthquake (Figure
7) is used in the time history analysis. Figure 8 shows the SAP-2000 model of the frame with base
South component of El Centro earthquake, May 18, 1940
SAP model of the frame with base isolator
Acceleration on the building and displacement of the building, before and after installatio
base isolator is compared. Graphs are plotted for the same (Figure 9 and 10).
Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
editor@iaeme.com
tially a gravity load analysis and modal analysis is carried out the system. Linear time
2000 software. El Centro earthquake (Figure
model of the frame with base
South component of El Centro earthquake, May 18, 1940
Acceleration on the building and displacement of the building, before and after installation of
9. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
Fig 9. Comparison of acceleration of building with and without base isolator
Fig 10. Comparison of displacement of building with and without base isolator.
Inter-storey drifts for the building are calculated before and after installation of base isolator,
the values of which are given in Table 2. (Figure 11)
Table 2. Inter-storey Drift of building
Floor
Ground level
First Floor
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fig 11. Inter-storey drift of building (a) without base isolator (b) with base isolator
Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 41
Comparison of acceleration of building with and without base isolator
Comparison of displacement of building with and without base isolator.
ey drifts for the building are calculated before and after installation of base isolator,
e given in Table 2. (Figure 11)
storey Drift of building before and after installation of base isolator
Inter-storey drift
Without Base
Isolator
With Base Isolator
Ground level 0 5.4 mm
First Floor 1.2 mm 0.2 mm
Second Floor 1.3 mm 0.2 mm
Third Floor 0.6 mm 0.1 mm
storey drift of building (a) without base isolator (b) with base isolator
Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
editor@iaeme.com
Comparison of acceleration of building with and without base isolator
Comparison of displacement of building with and without base isolator.
ey drifts for the building are calculated before and after installation of base isolator,
before and after installation of base isolator
With Base Isolator
storey drift of building (a) without base isolator (b) with base isolator
10. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 42 editor@iaeme.com
D. Non-linear time history analysis
The dissipation of kinetic energy during seismic ground motions put into the conventional
fixed base structures takes place by internal damping, friction damping at the supports, and radiation
damping trough the base and side soils. In base isolated structures, additional damping should be
provided wherever necessary. One of the effective means of providing a substantial level of damping
is through hysteretic energy dissipation.
The typical hysteresis loop of a laminated rubber bearing can be modelled as bilinear i.e., the
nonlinearity in the bearing is assumed to be bilinear as shown in the figure 13. The parameters d1,
F1, d2, and F2 are defined in the bilinear curve as the yield displacement, yield force, ultimate
displacement and ultimate force respectively.
Fig 12. Bilinear hysteresis loop model
The hysteretic behaviour of a laminated rubber bearing can also be modelled linear, by using
the effective stiffness Ke and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient ζe that depends on the
ultimate displacement d2 and on the corresponding force F2 of the bilinear system. The linearization
of the bilinear model can be made by using the Pre-yield stiffness (K), Post-yield stiffness (Ke) and
the Ratio of pre-yield and post-yield stiffness (α). The effective stiffness from the bilinear model is
calculated as equation 24
= =
>
[24]
The main parameter for the bilinear model is the effective stiffness i.e., the post yield
stiffness value of the isolator and the additional damping value given by the hysteresis loop model.
The formulation for the values of the effective stiffness and the additional damping is given below in
equation 25.
?+ = ?@ + B (C+ − C@) [25] = C@ + B (C+ − C@)
= C@[ 1 + B(E − 1)] [26]
By simplifying and solving further,
KG =
H
μ
[ 1 + α(μ − 1)] [27]
Finally,
KG = K[ α + I
@Jα
μ
K] [28]
Additional damping provided by the hysteresis area,
ζe =
+
:
(
>M J > M
> M
) [29]
=
+
π
(
NM
N
−
OM
O
) [30]
11. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 43 editor@iaeme.com
The additional damping in terms of the effective stiffness is,
ζe =
+
:
[
(@JP)(QJ@)
Q
R
RS
] [31]
The additional damping incorporated in the system and the effective stiffness of the system
can be determined from the equations 28 and 31. The post yielding stiffness ratios (α) are assumed
to be 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 for the isolator. The yield strength of non-linear case (F1) is taken as one-
tenth, one-fifth, one-third, half and three-fourth of yield strength of linear case (F1, elastic). Fifteen
cases are considered in total. Bilinear hysteresis loops were obtained. A typical bilinear hysteresis
loop for α=0.05 and F1=0.1F1,elastic is shown in Figure 13.
Fig 13.Bilinear hysteresis loop for α=0.05 and F1=0.1F1,elastic
From the hysteresis loop, the additional damping and the effective stiffness values are
calculated. The values are given in Table 3.
Table 3: Additional Damping and Effective Stiffness of Non-Linear Isolator
Cases Additional Damping
ζe (%)
Effective Stiffness Ke
(kN/m)
α =0.05, F1=0.10F1,elastic 22.12 25.5
α =0.10, F1=0.10F1,elastic 17.53 38.9
α =0.15, F1=0.10F1,elastic 11.86 53.1
α =0.05, F1=0.20F1,elastic 25.04 23.3
α =0.10, F1=0.20F1,elastic 15.85 36.4
α =0.15, F1=0.20F1,elastic 17.19 52.2
α =0.05, F1=0.33F1,elastic 19.48 20.5
α =0.10, F1=0.33F1,elastic 15.91 35.5
α =0.15, F1=0.33F1,elastic 13.97 51.1
α =0.05, F1=0.50F1,elastic 12.98 18.7
α =0.10, F1=0.50F1,elastic 9.83 34.4
α =0.15, F1=0.50F1,elastic 8.01 50.3
α =0.05, F1=0.75F1,elastic 6.60 17.8
α =0.10, F1=0.75F1,elastic 5.67 33.8
α =0.15, F1=0.75F1,elastic 5.82 49.9
12. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 44 editor@iaeme.com
E. Comparison of linear and non-linear analysis
Displacement of building with linear and non-linear base isolators is compared. Displacement
is seemed to be reduced when isolators are designed as non-linear. The comparison is given in table
4.
Table 4: Displacement Reduction In Non-Linear Analysis
Cases Displacement (m) Reduction (%)
α =0.05, F1=0.10F1,elastic 0.0789 32.61
α =0.10, F1=0.10F1,elastic 0.0853 27.13
α =0.15, F1=0.10F1,elastic 0.0947 19.10
α =0.05, F1=0.20F1,elastic 0.0885 24.40
α =0.10, F1=0.20F1,elastic 0.0783 33.09
α =0.15, F1=0.20F1,elastic 0.0806 31.12
α =0.05, F1=0.33F1,elastic 0.0915 21.84
α =0.10, F1=0.33F1,elastic 0.0852 27.15
α =0.15, F1=0.33F1,elastic 0.0850 27.33
α =0.05, F1=0.50F1,elastic 0.0927 20.81
α =0.10, F1=0.50F1,elastic 0.0930 20.52
α =0.15, F1=0.50F1,elastic 0.0926 20.86
α =0.05, F1=0.75F1,elastic 0.0963 17.70
α =0.10, F1=0.75F1,elastic 0.0954 18.44
α =0.15, F1=0.75F1,elastic 0.0946 19.11
IV RESULTS
• For the same soil condition and time period, thickness of the isolator decreases with increase
in damping percentage.
• Buildings situated on soft soil conditions require thicker isolator than those situated on hard
soil conditions, provided the required time period and damping are the same.
• For a particular value of axial load which is to be transferred, the diameter of the isolator
increases, as isolator with rubber of lesser value of shear modulus is used.
• The diameter of isolator decreases as the desired value of time period increases, provided the
soil condition and the rubber used are the same.
• Buildings situated on soft soils need isolator with bigger diameter than situated on hard rocky
soils.
• Both thickness and diameter increases as greater earthquake prone area is chosen.
Linear time history analysis shows that acceleration on the building decreases after the installation of
base isolator, whereas the building displacement increases after the installation. The maximum value
of acceleration on the building before the introduction of base isolator is 10.96m/s2
and after the
installation is 1.12m/s2
. The value of building displacement is 40.68mm before installing isolator and
117.7mm after the installation. Inter-storey drift of building decreases but base displacement
increases after the installation of base isolation.
Results of non-linear analysis shows that a maximum additional damping of 25.04% was
obtained for post yielding stiffness ratio of 0.05 and non-linear yield strength taken as one-fifth of
linear yield strength.
13. Elastomeric Base Isolation System For Seismic Mitigation of Low-Rise Structures, Ganga Warrier A,
Balamonica K, Sathish Kumar K, Dhanalakshmi, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by
GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 45 editor@iaeme.com
On comparing linear and non-linear isolators, a maximum displacement reduction of 33.09% in the
case of post yielding stiffness ratio of 0.10 and non-linear yield strength taken as one-fifth of linear
yield strength was obtained, when the isolators are designed as non-linear.
V CONCLUSIONS
The guidelines for designing laminated rubber bearing (LRB) isolators are developed.
Different isolator parameters were compared with respect to fundamental period and damping of the
fixed base structure, axial load on the column, seismic zone, type of soil and shore hardness of
rubber.
Acceleration on building and displacement are altered by the installation of isolator.
Acceleration on the building decreases and displacement of the building increases, whereas inter-
storey drift decreases. The increase in displacement can be reduced if the isolator is designed as non-
linear. Additional damping is also introduced by the non-linear isolator.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors thank Director, CSIR-SERC, Chennai, for the support and encouragement
provided in carrying out the above research work and for the kind permission to present the paper in
the National Conference on Quest for Advancement in Civil Engineering-QACE2015 at SRM
University, Chennai.
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