This document presents an approach to tune the parameters of power system stabilizers (PSS) using an iterative 3-player prisoner's dilemma game to improve small signal stability. The key steps are:
1) A 16-machine test system is modeled and optimal PSS locations are determined using participation factors.
2) A two-stage PSS model is designed and its parameters (gain and time constants) are formulated as an optimization problem to minimize eigenvalues and maximize damping.
3) A 3-player iterative prisoner's dilemma game is used to tune the PSS parameters by defining the interrelations between inputs and outputs as a payoff matrix.
4) Simulation results show the proposed iterative prisoner's dilemma approach
one of the areas of Artificial Intelligence is Game Playing. Game playing
programs are often described as being a combination of search and knowledge. The board
games are very popular. Board games provide dynamic environments that make them ideal
area of computational intelligence theories. Othello is 8 × 8 board game and it has very huge
state space as 364 ≈ 1028 total states. It is implemented by game search tree like Mini-max
algorithm, alpha-beta pruning. But it required more storage memory and more time to
compute best move among all valid moves. Evolutionary algorithms such as Genetic
algorithm are applied to the game playing because of the very large state space of the
problem. Game search tree algorithm like alpha- beta pruning is used to build efficient
computer player program. This paper mainly highlights on hybrid approach which is
combination of Genetic algorithm and alpha-beta pruning. Genetic algorithm is applied to
optimize search space of Othello game and building Genetic Weight Vector. This weight
vector is applied to game which played by alpha- beta pruning game search tree algorithm.
And we optimize search space of Othello and get best move in less amount of time.
A car bomb exploded at a checkpoint in Damascus, Syria, killing 53 people and injuring 230. The bombing targeted Syria's ruling Baath Party headquarters and damaged the nearby Russian Embassy building. The blast had a radius of damage that reached over 1,000 feet.
This document contains information about experiments to be performed in the EE0310 Microprocessor and Microcontroller lab. It lists 14 experiments involving operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using the 8085 microprocessor. It also describes experiments with microcontrollers, stepper motors, and digital to analog conversion. The document provides details of the 8085 architecture, pin descriptions, specifications of the trainer kit used, and sample algorithms for experiments like addition of two 8-bit numbers.
The document discusses representation of synchronous machines for stability studies. It provides the steady state equations representing the dynamics of a synchronous generator and its interaction with the network. In steady state, the rotor rotates at synchronous speed and the generator terminal voltage can be represented as a phasor in the direct-quadrature reference frame. The load angle is defined as the angle between the internal voltage phasor and the terminal voltage phasor. For stability studies, the load angle is defined with respect to a common reference frame rather than an individual generator's reference frame.
This document provides an overview of a Wikibook on control systems. It discusses both classical and modern control techniques, as well as analog and digital systems. The book covers topics such as system modeling, transforms, stability analysis, controllers, optimal control, and nonlinear systems. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students and requires knowledge of calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra. The document provides context on the history and applications of control systems, and how the book is organized.
one of the areas of Artificial Intelligence is Game Playing. Game playing
programs are often described as being a combination of search and knowledge. The board
games are very popular. Board games provide dynamic environments that make them ideal
area of computational intelligence theories. Othello is 8 × 8 board game and it has very huge
state space as 364 ≈ 1028 total states. It is implemented by game search tree like Mini-max
algorithm, alpha-beta pruning. But it required more storage memory and more time to
compute best move among all valid moves. Evolutionary algorithms such as Genetic
algorithm are applied to the game playing because of the very large state space of the
problem. Game search tree algorithm like alpha- beta pruning is used to build efficient
computer player program. This paper mainly highlights on hybrid approach which is
combination of Genetic algorithm and alpha-beta pruning. Genetic algorithm is applied to
optimize search space of Othello game and building Genetic Weight Vector. This weight
vector is applied to game which played by alpha- beta pruning game search tree algorithm.
And we optimize search space of Othello and get best move in less amount of time.
A car bomb exploded at a checkpoint in Damascus, Syria, killing 53 people and injuring 230. The bombing targeted Syria's ruling Baath Party headquarters and damaged the nearby Russian Embassy building. The blast had a radius of damage that reached over 1,000 feet.
This document contains information about experiments to be performed in the EE0310 Microprocessor and Microcontroller lab. It lists 14 experiments involving operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using the 8085 microprocessor. It also describes experiments with microcontrollers, stepper motors, and digital to analog conversion. The document provides details of the 8085 architecture, pin descriptions, specifications of the trainer kit used, and sample algorithms for experiments like addition of two 8-bit numbers.
The document discusses representation of synchronous machines for stability studies. It provides the steady state equations representing the dynamics of a synchronous generator and its interaction with the network. In steady state, the rotor rotates at synchronous speed and the generator terminal voltage can be represented as a phasor in the direct-quadrature reference frame. The load angle is defined as the angle between the internal voltage phasor and the terminal voltage phasor. For stability studies, the load angle is defined with respect to a common reference frame rather than an individual generator's reference frame.
This document provides an overview of a Wikibook on control systems. It discusses both classical and modern control techniques, as well as analog and digital systems. The book covers topics such as system modeling, transforms, stability analysis, controllers, optimal control, and nonlinear systems. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students and requires knowledge of calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra. The document provides context on the history and applications of control systems, and how the book is organized.
1) A PID controller was designed using ISE, IAE, ITAE and MSE error criteria for a stable linear time invariant continuous system. A bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO) technique was used to tune the PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, Kd) to meet performance specifications.
2) The PID controller was applied to the system using each error criteria and the closed-loop responses were observed and compared. For the IAE criteria, the system had 0% overshoot and undershoot with a settling time of 7.2172e-006 seconds and rise time of 4.0551e-006 seconds.
3) The BF-PSO algorithm combines
This document describes using a hybrid bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO) algorithm to tune the parameters of a PID controller (Kp, Ki, Kd) for a stable linear time invariant system. The BF-PSO algorithm combines bacterial foraging optimization and particle swarm optimization to find optimal PID parameters by minimizing error criteria like ISE, IAE, ITAE and MSE. The transfer function of the plant is given and the PID controller is tuned using BF-PSO to minimize these performance indices and improve the closed loop step response.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Cricket Score and Win Pre...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of machine learning models for cricket score and win prediction using a case study of linear regression, random forest, neural network, and elastic net algorithms. The models take into consideration factors like the teams playing, location of the match, current runs/wickets, and runs/wickets in the last 5 overs to predict the score and winner. Random forest performed the best with the highest R2 value and lowest mean squared error and mean absolute error. The random forest algorithm is also used for the live win prediction system.
Effect of stability indices on robustness and system response in coefficient ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In Control systems, designing a robust controller such that a desired system response is obtained despite plant parameter
variations is ubiquitous problem. In this context, Coefficient diagram method is an effective method and one of the recent design
methods based on the polynomial approach introduced by Shunji Manabe. In CDM, stability indices, stability limits and time
constant are the main design parameters. The stability indices and stability limits are indicative of stability and equivalent time
constant is indicative of speed of system response. A semi-log diagram known as coefficient diagram is the design tool using
which one can analyse the important features of a design such as stability, speed of response and robustness, all in one diagram.
The right choice of the stability indices is of paramount importance in the controller design. This paper deals with the effect of
variation in the stability indices upon the system response and robustness. A type 2 fourth order plant has been considered as an
example to analyse the effects of stability indices. The stability indices are varied one by one relative to the standard Manabe form
and in each case response is observed. The transient response of the system is sensitive to lower order indices. Also, robustness in
the design is analysed by coefficient diagrams of the perturbed plant.
Keywords: Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM), robustness; Stability Indices, Coefficient Diagram
Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Fuzzy Controller and PID Tuning ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control system that combines fuzzy sliding mode control and PID tuning to control uncertain systems. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed using two inputs (error and derivative of error) and simple membership functions and rules. An adaptive sliding mode controller with PID tuning is also designed. The PID gains are systematically and continuously updated according to adaptive laws. This combined fuzzy sliding mode controller with PID tuning is applied to control a brushless DC motor. Simulation results show the system achieves good trajectory tracking performance while eliminating chattering through the use of a boundary layer.
IRJET- Optimal Placement and Size of DG and DER for Minimizing Power Loss and...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on optimizing the placement and sizing of distributed generation (DG) and distributed energy resources (DER) in a 33-bus distribution system to minimize power losses. Two optimization techniques are evaluated: Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Moth Flame Optimization (MFO). MFO shows better results, identifying bus 13, 24 and 30 as optimal locations for DG, reducing losses from 0.2027 MW to 0.0715 MW at normal load. For DER, optimal locations are DG at buses 13, 25, 30 and capacitors at buses 7, 13, 30, further reducing losses to 0.0144 MW. Graphs and tables show MFO placement
A new scaled fuzzy method using PSO segmentation (SePSO) applied for two area...IJECEIAES
1. The document presents a new scaled fuzzy method using PSO segmentation (SePSO) applied to control the frequency in a two area power system. SePSO is used to optimize the gains of a fuzzy PID controller to improve the frequency response.
2. Two identical interconnected power areas were simulated in MATLAB to test the new scaled fuzzy method. The results showed the proposed SePSO optimization led to a significantly faster response with lower undershoot compared to classical and PSO-fuzzy controllers under different load disturbances and time schedules.
3. The SePSO method works by dividing the search space into segments, with each segment running a separate PSO algorithm to find local optimal points. These local points are
Comparison of optimization technique of power system stabilizer by using geaIAEME Publication
This document compares two optimization techniques - phase compensation and genetic algorithm (GA) - for tuning the parameters of a power system stabilizer (PSS). The PSS helps damp low-frequency oscillations in power systems. The phase compensation technique involves designing phase lead compensators to provide the required phase shift. The GA approach uses genetic operators like selection, crossover and mutation to evolve optimal PSS parameters over generations. Both techniques are applied to a single machine connected to an infinite bus system to optimize the PSS gain, washout time constant and lead/lag time constants. The effectiveness of each technique in enhancing power system stability is then evaluated.
To design and implementation of variable and constant with no load for induction motor (IM) that is the goal in this work. This paper was including three parts, first the simulation model with no load for IM, Second the simulation model with constant load for IM, Third the simulation model with variable load for IM. In addition, this work includes comparative between two different controllers (PI and fuzzy logic control (FLC). The simulation results clearly the implementation of variable and constant with no load for IM. The simulation response of the system achieves better results when choosing to use type fuzzy-PI controller technique comparison with conventional PI controller and improve the performance of the system at different operation conditions.
An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm for Congestion Management Consid...Suganthi Thangaraj
In deregulated electricity market, Congestion Management (CM) is one of the most significant issues in order to maintain
the system in secure state and to get the reliable system operation. While addressing Congestion Management voltage
stability should also be taken into account. This paper elucidates an Improved Differential Evolution (IDE) algorithm to
alleviate Congestion in transmission line by rescheduling of generators while considering voltage stability. Differential
Evolution (DE) is one of the heuristic, population based algorithm which is well suited for solving complex and non-linear
optimization problems. A Double Best Mutation Operator (DBMO) is proposed to improve DE algorithm’s convergence
rate. In order to validate suitability of the suggested approach, it has been evaluated on the IEEE-30 bus test system on
both base case loading as well as 10% increased load. The test system has been also examined under critical line outages.
The results and discussions clearly depicts the effectiveness of the projected approach in solving Congestion Management
Problem.
Angina Pectoris Predicting System using Embedded Systems and Big DataIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses embedded sensors and machine learning to predict angina pectoris (chest pain). The system collects patient data like heart rate, ECG, temperature and oxygen levels using sensors connected to an Arduino board. This data is sent to a cloud platform and analyzed using five machine learning algorithms. The K-NN and Random Forest algorithms achieved the highest accuracy and are used for prediction. The trained models are stored on a website to allow users to input patient data and receive predictions of whether they have the disease.
Simultaneous State and Actuator Fault Estimation With Fuzzy Descriptor PMID a...Waqas Tariq
In this paper, Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy descriptor proportional multiple-integral derivative (PMID) and Proportional-Derivative (PD) observer methods that can estimate the system states and actuator faults simultaneously are proposed. T-S fuzzy model is obtained by linearsing satellite/spacecraft attitude dynamics at suitable operating points. For fault estimation, actuator fault is introduced as state vector to develop augmented descriptor system and robust fuzzy PMID and PD observers are developed. Stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. The convergence conditions of state estimation error are formulated in the form of LMI (linear matrix inequality). Derivative gain, obtained using singular value decomposition of descriptor state matrix (E), gives more design degrees of freedom together with proportional and integral gains obtained from LMI. Simulation study is performed for our proposed methods.
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Journals
Abstract The paper presents two different ways of mathematical modeling of Inverted Pendulum. A Proportional-Integral-Derative (PID) controller is designed for its stabilization. Some reference stable system is selected after designing of PID controller to optimize different types of error using Genetic Algorithms. The proposed system extends classical inverted pendulum by incorporating two moving masses. A tuning mechanism is implemented by genetic algorithm for optimizing different gains of controller parameter. Also, different performance indices are calculated in MATLAB environment. This paper exhibits to demonstrate the capability of genetic algorithm to solve complex and constraint optimization problems and as a general purpose optimization tool to solve control system design problems. Keyword-Inverted pendulum,Mathematical modelling,swing up control ,PID controller,Tuning,Genetic Algorithm,Performance Indeces,Error minimization.
Real coded-genetic-algorithm-for-robust-power-system-stabilizer-designCemal Ardil
This document summarizes a research paper that uses a real-coded genetic algorithm to optimize the design of power system stabilizers. The algorithm is applied to both single-machine and multi-machine power systems. The goal is to minimize rotor speed deviations and improve stability under disturbances. Simulation results show the proposed controller provides effective damping of low frequency oscillations across different operating conditions.
The document describes a sports attachment monitoring module (SAMM) that detects impact force to an athlete's head. The SAMM uses an accelerometer attached to a helmet to measure g-forces, an XBee to transmit data wirelessly, and a Raspberry Pi to receive data and alert medical staff if thresholds are exceeded. The SAMM aims to monitor concussions and improve safety for athletes in contact sports.
Controller design and optimized system analysis for standard dexterous arm modelIAEME Publication
This document discusses the design and analysis of a controller for a standard dexterous arm model. It analyzes the step responses of the arm model using different controller types, including PI, PD, and PID controllers. The PID controller provided the best performance with the fastest rise time, lowest settling time, and minimal overshoot. Specifically:
1) A standard dexterous arm model is simulated using MATLAB to analyze different controller designs.
2) PI, PD, and PID controllers are implemented and their step responses analyzed and compared.
3) The PID controller provided the best performance metrics with rise time of 0.164 seconds, settling time of 0.792 seconds and overshoot of 1.16.
Robust Evolutionary Approach to Mitigate Low Frequency Oscillation in a Multi...IDES Editor
This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm
known as Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA)
for optimal designing of PSSs controller. The design problem
of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization
problem and MSFLA is employed to search for optimal
controller parameters. An eigenvalue based objective function
reflecting the combination of damping factor and damping
ratio is optimized for different operating conditions. The
proposed approach is applied to optimal design of multimachine
power system stabilizers. Three different power
systems, A Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB), four-machine
of Kundur and ten-machine New England systems are
considered. The obtained results are evaluated and compared
with other results obtained by Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear system simulations assure
the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in
providing good damping characteristic to system oscillations
and enhancing the system dynamic stability under different
operating conditions and disturbances.
Performance evaluation of two degree of freedom conventional controller adopt...IJECEIAES
This document summarizes and compares the performance of three control schemes - the general Smith predictor scheme and two modified Smith predictor schemes - for controlling a first order process with dead time (FOPDT). The control schemes are evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink simulations with and without dead time uncertainty. The first modified scheme uses two filters and a PID controller, allowing separate tuning of setpoint and disturbance responses. The second modified scheme uses two filters, one to enhance setpoint response and one as a predictor for disturbance rejection, along with a PI controller. Both modified schemes aim to improve stability, response speed and reduce overshoot compared to the general Smith predictor scheme. The results show how the three schemes respond with and without dead time uncertainty.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
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Similar to A 3 player iterative game to design power system stabilizer that enhances small signal stability
1) A PID controller was designed using ISE, IAE, ITAE and MSE error criteria for a stable linear time invariant continuous system. A bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO) technique was used to tune the PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, Kd) to meet performance specifications.
2) The PID controller was applied to the system using each error criteria and the closed-loop responses were observed and compared. For the IAE criteria, the system had 0% overshoot and undershoot with a settling time of 7.2172e-006 seconds and rise time of 4.0551e-006 seconds.
3) The BF-PSO algorithm combines
This document describes using a hybrid bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO) algorithm to tune the parameters of a PID controller (Kp, Ki, Kd) for a stable linear time invariant system. The BF-PSO algorithm combines bacterial foraging optimization and particle swarm optimization to find optimal PID parameters by minimizing error criteria like ISE, IAE, ITAE and MSE. The transfer function of the plant is given and the PID controller is tuned using BF-PSO to minimize these performance indices and improve the closed loop step response.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Cricket Score and Win Pre...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of machine learning models for cricket score and win prediction using a case study of linear regression, random forest, neural network, and elastic net algorithms. The models take into consideration factors like the teams playing, location of the match, current runs/wickets, and runs/wickets in the last 5 overs to predict the score and winner. Random forest performed the best with the highest R2 value and lowest mean squared error and mean absolute error. The random forest algorithm is also used for the live win prediction system.
Effect of stability indices on robustness and system response in coefficient ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In Control systems, designing a robust controller such that a desired system response is obtained despite plant parameter
variations is ubiquitous problem. In this context, Coefficient diagram method is an effective method and one of the recent design
methods based on the polynomial approach introduced by Shunji Manabe. In CDM, stability indices, stability limits and time
constant are the main design parameters. The stability indices and stability limits are indicative of stability and equivalent time
constant is indicative of speed of system response. A semi-log diagram known as coefficient diagram is the design tool using
which one can analyse the important features of a design such as stability, speed of response and robustness, all in one diagram.
The right choice of the stability indices is of paramount importance in the controller design. This paper deals with the effect of
variation in the stability indices upon the system response and robustness. A type 2 fourth order plant has been considered as an
example to analyse the effects of stability indices. The stability indices are varied one by one relative to the standard Manabe form
and in each case response is observed. The transient response of the system is sensitive to lower order indices. Also, robustness in
the design is analysed by coefficient diagrams of the perturbed plant.
Keywords: Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM), robustness; Stability Indices, Coefficient Diagram
Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Fuzzy Controller and PID Tuning ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control system that combines fuzzy sliding mode control and PID tuning to control uncertain systems. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed using two inputs (error and derivative of error) and simple membership functions and rules. An adaptive sliding mode controller with PID tuning is also designed. The PID gains are systematically and continuously updated according to adaptive laws. This combined fuzzy sliding mode controller with PID tuning is applied to control a brushless DC motor. Simulation results show the system achieves good trajectory tracking performance while eliminating chattering through the use of a boundary layer.
IRJET- Optimal Placement and Size of DG and DER for Minimizing Power Loss and...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on optimizing the placement and sizing of distributed generation (DG) and distributed energy resources (DER) in a 33-bus distribution system to minimize power losses. Two optimization techniques are evaluated: Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Moth Flame Optimization (MFO). MFO shows better results, identifying bus 13, 24 and 30 as optimal locations for DG, reducing losses from 0.2027 MW to 0.0715 MW at normal load. For DER, optimal locations are DG at buses 13, 25, 30 and capacitors at buses 7, 13, 30, further reducing losses to 0.0144 MW. Graphs and tables show MFO placement
A new scaled fuzzy method using PSO segmentation (SePSO) applied for two area...IJECEIAES
1. The document presents a new scaled fuzzy method using PSO segmentation (SePSO) applied to control the frequency in a two area power system. SePSO is used to optimize the gains of a fuzzy PID controller to improve the frequency response.
2. Two identical interconnected power areas were simulated in MATLAB to test the new scaled fuzzy method. The results showed the proposed SePSO optimization led to a significantly faster response with lower undershoot compared to classical and PSO-fuzzy controllers under different load disturbances and time schedules.
3. The SePSO method works by dividing the search space into segments, with each segment running a separate PSO algorithm to find local optimal points. These local points are
Comparison of optimization technique of power system stabilizer by using geaIAEME Publication
This document compares two optimization techniques - phase compensation and genetic algorithm (GA) - for tuning the parameters of a power system stabilizer (PSS). The PSS helps damp low-frequency oscillations in power systems. The phase compensation technique involves designing phase lead compensators to provide the required phase shift. The GA approach uses genetic operators like selection, crossover and mutation to evolve optimal PSS parameters over generations. Both techniques are applied to a single machine connected to an infinite bus system to optimize the PSS gain, washout time constant and lead/lag time constants. The effectiveness of each technique in enhancing power system stability is then evaluated.
To design and implementation of variable and constant with no load for induction motor (IM) that is the goal in this work. This paper was including three parts, first the simulation model with no load for IM, Second the simulation model with constant load for IM, Third the simulation model with variable load for IM. In addition, this work includes comparative between two different controllers (PI and fuzzy logic control (FLC). The simulation results clearly the implementation of variable and constant with no load for IM. The simulation response of the system achieves better results when choosing to use type fuzzy-PI controller technique comparison with conventional PI controller and improve the performance of the system at different operation conditions.
An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm for Congestion Management Consid...Suganthi Thangaraj
In deregulated electricity market, Congestion Management (CM) is one of the most significant issues in order to maintain
the system in secure state and to get the reliable system operation. While addressing Congestion Management voltage
stability should also be taken into account. This paper elucidates an Improved Differential Evolution (IDE) algorithm to
alleviate Congestion in transmission line by rescheduling of generators while considering voltage stability. Differential
Evolution (DE) is one of the heuristic, population based algorithm which is well suited for solving complex and non-linear
optimization problems. A Double Best Mutation Operator (DBMO) is proposed to improve DE algorithm’s convergence
rate. In order to validate suitability of the suggested approach, it has been evaluated on the IEEE-30 bus test system on
both base case loading as well as 10% increased load. The test system has been also examined under critical line outages.
The results and discussions clearly depicts the effectiveness of the projected approach in solving Congestion Management
Problem.
Angina Pectoris Predicting System using Embedded Systems and Big DataIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses embedded sensors and machine learning to predict angina pectoris (chest pain). The system collects patient data like heart rate, ECG, temperature and oxygen levels using sensors connected to an Arduino board. This data is sent to a cloud platform and analyzed using five machine learning algorithms. The K-NN and Random Forest algorithms achieved the highest accuracy and are used for prediction. The trained models are stored on a website to allow users to input patient data and receive predictions of whether they have the disease.
Simultaneous State and Actuator Fault Estimation With Fuzzy Descriptor PMID a...Waqas Tariq
In this paper, Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy descriptor proportional multiple-integral derivative (PMID) and Proportional-Derivative (PD) observer methods that can estimate the system states and actuator faults simultaneously are proposed. T-S fuzzy model is obtained by linearsing satellite/spacecraft attitude dynamics at suitable operating points. For fault estimation, actuator fault is introduced as state vector to develop augmented descriptor system and robust fuzzy PMID and PD observers are developed. Stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. The convergence conditions of state estimation error are formulated in the form of LMI (linear matrix inequality). Derivative gain, obtained using singular value decomposition of descriptor state matrix (E), gives more design degrees of freedom together with proportional and integral gains obtained from LMI. Simulation study is performed for our proposed methods.
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Journals
Abstract The paper presents two different ways of mathematical modeling of Inverted Pendulum. A Proportional-Integral-Derative (PID) controller is designed for its stabilization. Some reference stable system is selected after designing of PID controller to optimize different types of error using Genetic Algorithms. The proposed system extends classical inverted pendulum by incorporating two moving masses. A tuning mechanism is implemented by genetic algorithm for optimizing different gains of controller parameter. Also, different performance indices are calculated in MATLAB environment. This paper exhibits to demonstrate the capability of genetic algorithm to solve complex and constraint optimization problems and as a general purpose optimization tool to solve control system design problems. Keyword-Inverted pendulum,Mathematical modelling,swing up control ,PID controller,Tuning,Genetic Algorithm,Performance Indeces,Error minimization.
Real coded-genetic-algorithm-for-robust-power-system-stabilizer-designCemal Ardil
This document summarizes a research paper that uses a real-coded genetic algorithm to optimize the design of power system stabilizers. The algorithm is applied to both single-machine and multi-machine power systems. The goal is to minimize rotor speed deviations and improve stability under disturbances. Simulation results show the proposed controller provides effective damping of low frequency oscillations across different operating conditions.
The document describes a sports attachment monitoring module (SAMM) that detects impact force to an athlete's head. The SAMM uses an accelerometer attached to a helmet to measure g-forces, an XBee to transmit data wirelessly, and a Raspberry Pi to receive data and alert medical staff if thresholds are exceeded. The SAMM aims to monitor concussions and improve safety for athletes in contact sports.
Controller design and optimized system analysis for standard dexterous arm modelIAEME Publication
This document discusses the design and analysis of a controller for a standard dexterous arm model. It analyzes the step responses of the arm model using different controller types, including PI, PD, and PID controllers. The PID controller provided the best performance with the fastest rise time, lowest settling time, and minimal overshoot. Specifically:
1) A standard dexterous arm model is simulated using MATLAB to analyze different controller designs.
2) PI, PD, and PID controllers are implemented and their step responses analyzed and compared.
3) The PID controller provided the best performance metrics with rise time of 0.164 seconds, settling time of 0.792 seconds and overshoot of 1.16.
Robust Evolutionary Approach to Mitigate Low Frequency Oscillation in a Multi...IDES Editor
This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm
known as Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA)
for optimal designing of PSSs controller. The design problem
of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization
problem and MSFLA is employed to search for optimal
controller parameters. An eigenvalue based objective function
reflecting the combination of damping factor and damping
ratio is optimized for different operating conditions. The
proposed approach is applied to optimal design of multimachine
power system stabilizers. Three different power
systems, A Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB), four-machine
of Kundur and ten-machine New England systems are
considered. The obtained results are evaluated and compared
with other results obtained by Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear system simulations assure
the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in
providing good damping characteristic to system oscillations
and enhancing the system dynamic stability under different
operating conditions and disturbances.
Performance evaluation of two degree of freedom conventional controller adopt...IJECEIAES
This document summarizes and compares the performance of three control schemes - the general Smith predictor scheme and two modified Smith predictor schemes - for controlling a first order process with dead time (FOPDT). The control schemes are evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink simulations with and without dead time uncertainty. The first modified scheme uses two filters and a PID controller, allowing separate tuning of setpoint and disturbance responses. The second modified scheme uses two filters, one to enhance setpoint response and one as a predictor for disturbance rejection, along with a PI controller. Both modified schemes aim to improve stability, response speed and reduce overshoot compared to the general Smith predictor scheme. The results show how the three schemes respond with and without dead time uncertainty.
Similar to A 3 player iterative game to design power system stabilizer that enhances small signal stability (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
2. A 3-Player Iterative Game to Design Power System Stabilizer that Enhances Small Signal
Stability
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/index.asp 39 editor@iaeme.com
occurrence of fault will induce oscillations in the power system. If these oscillations
remain undamped, they will lead to severe disturbance and in a short time effects
stability of the power system [1]. This results in generator falling out of step, and
finally a system collapse. Thus, it is desirable to damp these oscillations to retain the
system in stable operating condition. Hence, supplementary controllers known as
power system stabilizers (PSS) are used to damp small signal oscillations (0.1–2 Hz)
and to improve the small signal stability of the power system [2].
The conventional step in implementing the PSS is to obtain the optimal locations
in the power system. This reduces the number of PSS required to attain the Small
Signal Stability of the power system. As per the literature, the participation factor
method [3] is widely used to obtain the optimal locations. This involves analysing the
relations between state variables and modes of oscillations. The machines
predominantly participating in the oscillations can be recognized by calculating the
participation factors. Applying PSS at these machines will damp the oscillations
effectively with minimum number of PSS [4].
The challenge involved with the PSS is to tune its parameters such that it performs
robust over a broad range of operating conditions and disturbances in the system [1,
2]. To analyse the system under small disturbance conditions, a linearized model of a
power system [5, 6] can give a satisfactory result. In literature, there are several
methods proposed to tune the parameters of PSS. Genetic algorithm (GA) is one of
the most popular algorithms, and is used by many researchers to aim for optimal PSS
parameter tuning [7–12]. Non dominated sorting GA is used to tuned PSS parameters
in [12]. The GA has its own limitations like premature convergence, requirement of
high computation capacity to solve complex optimization problems and difficulty in
selecting optimum generic operators. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is from
swarm intelligent family, was used [13–15] to tune PSS parameters. The authors
developed three PSO algorithms based PSS for an interconnected power system
composed of three stand alone power systems in [15]. The disadvantage of PSO is, it
easily suffers from partial optimism which causes less exact at the regulation of speed
and direction.
Prisoner Dilemma (PD) is a classical game, in which each player has two choices
of cooperate (C) and defect (D). Depending on the actions of itself and other players,
each player gets the payoff as output. When the players participate several times in
the game, then it is referred as Iterated Prisoners Dilemma (IPD). In IPD, each player
tries to maximize his payoff by counter acting for its opponent action. The correlation
between the actions of the players and the payoff is denoted by the payoff matrix [17–
19].
In this paper, a 16 machine 68 bus test system [5] is considered. The PSS are
placed at optimal locations. The response of the test system with PSS tuned by IPD is
evaluated. The results are compared with each other. The performance is also
compared GA-PSS and test system without PSS.
2. PRISONER’S DILEMMA
The Prisoner’s dilemma (PD) is a classical game used in ecosystems, social sciences,
economic sciences, control strategies to obtain solutions for various problems [16–
18]. The interaction between two players in PD is defined as a payoff matrix of player
A as in (1).
3. Dr. V. S. Vakula, S. Vamsi Krishna and G. Sandeep
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/index.asp 40 editor@iaeme.com
A
C D
C R S
P
D T P
(1)
Where, C & D are the two strategies known as Co-operation and Defection, that can
be selected by each player in each round, and T > R > P > S. For example, if two
players (A&B) are playing, the payoff matrix elements can be interpreted as below
[19].
If A & B chooses to co operate, both of them will get the reward R.
If A & B chooses to defect, both of them deserve punishment P.
If A or B defects and B or A cooperates, then the defector obtains temptation T as
payoff, while co-operator gets S.
Each player intends to defect to get more payoff, irrespective of the opponent’s
action (T>R and P>S) but if both chooses cooperate, it results in higher payoff over a
long run, 2R>T+S. Generally, as per literature [21], a rescaled form of T>1, R=1,
P=S=0 is adopted. An ith
player’s payoff is obtained as follows:
i
j
i i j
j
P K AK
(2)
Where, i denotes the neighbourhood of ith
player including itself, A denotes the
payoff matrix of player (1) and , transpose operation. If ith
player chooses to
defect, 0 1iK else 1 0iK .
2.1. Generalized Prisoner’s dilemma (GPD)
GPD is a multi agent or N-Player PD [17], is one where each of N-individual selects
to act between co-operate or defect. As a result each individual receives the payoff for
their actions with respect to other individuals as mentioned above. But to define the
problem of GPD for obtaining appropriate strategy, it should be noted i) whether
individual interact with the others ii) whether individual drops out of the game iii).
Whether individual refuses participate iv) whether actions of individuals is
simultaneous or sequential v) whether individual is known to others actions vi)
whether the game is a one shot or iterated one.
2.2. Iterated Prisoner’s dilemma (IPD)
The iterated prisoner’s dilemma is a game in which there N-players participate several
times i.e., iterations in the game. The player’s action in the next iteration so as to
continue to game can be determined by different strategies mentioned in [21]. Among
those, Tit For Tat (TFT) is the most popular, and variants of TFT are obtained by
combining it with other strategies such as Always Cooperate and Always Defect. The
designed strategy must possess the conditions of being nice, retaliating, forgiving and
clear to serve effective [21].
Present work deals in defining a 3-player iterated strategy to solve an objective
function (15). To reduce the complexity in solving the problem, the rule to discuss the
payoff is implemented in IPD is: If one’s choice is fixed, then the other two players
will result in a two player PD. This results in the following constraints,
4. A 3-Player Iterative Game to Design Power System Stabilizer that Enhances Small Signal
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CCD > DDD
CCC > DCD
CCD > (CDD+DCD)/2
CCC > (CCD+DCC)/2
3. PROPOSED APPROACH
3.1. Test system and modelling
A 16 Machine 68 Bus system is considered [5, 25] as the test system. The state
equation of the linearized model is,
X A X B U (3)
where '
, , ,
T
i i q tdiX E E is state vector, A is the state matrix, B is the input
matrix and U is the control vector. The linearized block diagram of the ith machine
with Fuzzy PD PID controller is shown in Figure 1
3.2. Design of Power System Stabilizer
The transfer function of the two stage PSS employed is obtained as,
1 3
2 4
(1 ) (1 )
( )
1 (1 ) (1 )i
wi i i
PSS i i
wi i i
sT sT sT
V s K s
sT sT sT
(4)
where, Ki is the PSS gain, Twi, washout time constant, T1i, T2i, T3i, T4i are the time
constants of two stage lead lag phase compensators. The constants Twi, T2i and T4i are
pre calculated and Ki, T1i and T3i are optimized. This two stage PSS stabilizes the
system response test system by is analysed by minimizing the function in (9). The
SSS of test system with PSS is analysed with 1% step disturbance in mechanical input
at machine 1.
Figure 1 Block diagram representation of ith
machine with PSS
5. Dr. V. S. Vakula, S. Vamsi Krishna and G. Sandeep
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3.3. Optimal PSS location
To reduce the complexity in analysis and reduce the size of the test system model
with PSS, the optimal locations of PSS are found. Thus the optimal locations for the
PSS can be obtained by finding the participation factors of the modes. The
participation matrix (P) combines the left and right eigen vectors as a measure of
association between the state variables and modes [4]
1 2[ ..... ]nP p p p (5)
With 1 2[ .... ]T
i i i nip p p p (6)
1 1 2 2[ ..... ]T
i i i i i ni inp (7)
Where ki is the kth
entry of the right eigen vector i and ik is the kth
entry of the left
eigen vector i . And the element ki ki ikp is termed as the participation factor. The
participation factors are the indicatives of the relative participations of the respective
states in corresponding modes. Implementing this method for the test system, it is
found that, the machines 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16 are the effective locations for the
placement of PSS. This improves the SSSwith minimum number of PSS.
3.4. Optimal tuning of PSS parameters: IPD-PSS
The parameters of the PSS placed at optimal locations are tuned with IPD and
compared with that tuned by GA in [5]. The objective function is formulated to
optimize a composite set of two objective functions based on eigen values comprising
of real part of the eigen value and damping factor of the mode, thus improving the
SSSof the test system. This can be achieved by minimizing the multi objective
function which is stated below.
Thus, the optimization problem can be stated as,
minimize ( ); n
f x x
min max
i i iX X X (8)
( ) max( ) min( )f x (9)
Where, is the real part of the eigen value, and is the damping factor of the
corresponding eigen value. Xi
min
and Xi
max
are the limits for the parameters to be
optimized. The limits for the parameters are as below,
min
310 50, 0.1 1.5i iK T
Thus tuned parameters of PSS with IPD K = 16, T1 = 0.1, T3 = 1.1 which are with the
fixed values of Tw = 10, T2 = 0.1, T4 = 0.05 as the other parameters of PSS.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The test system is linearized around an operating point to analyse the small signal
stability. The optimal locations to place optimal PSS are obtained as mentioned in
section 3. The small signal analysis of the test system with optimal parameters of the
6. A 3-Player Iterative Game to Design Power System Stabilizer that Enhances Small Signal
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IPD-PSS is compared that with GA [5], i.e., GA-PSS. The modes of oscillations of
the test system for each case are illustrated in Figures 2 to 5.
Figure 2 Modes of oscillations of test system without PSS
Figure 3 Modes of oscillations of test system with GA-PSS[5]
Figure 4 Modes of oscillations of test system with IPD-PSS
From Figure 2, it is evident that the system is unstable as one of its complex pair
of eigen values 0.2 + j6.6 are located on the right side of the S-plane. PSS is essential
to bring back the system to the stable operating condition. From Figure 3, it can be
observed that the modes are shifted to a stable region as none of the modes left on the
right side of the S plane. The SSS of the test system is enhanced as the most left mode
is shifted from -0.35 + j 11.07 to -4.51 + j17.45 i.e., shifted to much more left in the S
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Real axis
Imaginaryaxis
-5 -4.5 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Real axis
Imaginaryaxis
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Real axis
Imaginaryaxis
7. Dr. V. S. Vakula, S. Vamsi Krishna and G. Sandeep
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plane which can be observed from Figures 2 and 3. It can also be observed that the
left most mode is shifted from -4.51 + j17.45 to -35.95 from Figures 3 and 4,
improving the stability of the test system. From the eigen values shown in Table 2, it
can be observed that the IPD-PSS gives the minimum value of the combined objective
function (9) and minimum desirable damping ratio thus acts effectively to
improve the SSS of the test system. The changes in rotor speed at all machines for 1%
step disturbance at machine 1 with IPD-PSS are illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
Table 1 Eigen value analysis results
Test Case max min Objective Function value
Without implementing PSS 0.2018 -0.0305 0.2324
PSS parameters tuned by GA -1 0.1235 -1.1235
PSS parameters tuned by IPD -1.0218 0.0986 -1.1267
Figure 6 Rotor speed deviation of machines 1 to 8 with IPD-PSS
Figure 7 Rotor speed deviation of machines 9 to 16 IPD-PSS
From Figures 6 to 7, it can be observed that the optimal placement of IPD-PSS
results in quick decay of the oscillations when compared with the performance of the
test system without PSS and GA-PSS [5]. The eigen values obtained for different test
cases are tabulated in Table 2.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
x 10
-6
time in seconds
changeinrotorspeed(pu)
machine 1
machine 2
machine 3
machine 4
machine 5
machine 6
machine 7
machine 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
x 10
-6
time in seconds
changeinrotorspeed(pu)
machine 9
machine 10
machine 11
machine 12
machine 13
machine 14
machine 15
machine 16
8. A 3-Player Iterative Game to Design Power System Stabilizer that Enhances Small Signal
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5. CONCLUSION
The work proposes a new approach to design PSS based on Iterative Prisoner’s
Dilemma. Determining the participation factors to identify optimal locations of
placement of PSS has proved that are number of PSS to be incorporated in the test
system is only at 10 machines rather 16 machines. The effectiveness of proposed
approach is validated on a small signal multi machine test system. The performance of
the proposed IPD-PSS is compared with that of GA-PSS. From the results it is
concluded that the IPD-PSS improves damps oscillations by proving more damping
compared to GA-PSS.
Table 2 Eigen values for different test cases
Without PSS GA-PSS[5] Proposed IPD-PSS
-0.35+ j11.08, -0.27+ j9.22,
-0.25+ j8.72,-0.24+ j8.36,
-0.2+ j7.77,0.21+ j7.53,
-0.19+ j7.39,+ j6.9,+ j6.8,
+ j6.75, + j6.15,0+ j6.47,
0+ j4.62,0.01+ j3 .83,
-0.2+ j6.61,-0.02+ j2.06,
-0.1+ j1.83,-0.09+ j1.73,
-0.11+ j1.61, 0.11+ j1.47,
-0.1+ j0.87,-0.1+ j0.95,
-0.11+ j0.98,-0.11+ j1.41,-
0.1+ j1.04, -0.11+ j1.34, -
0.11+ j1.33,-0.12+ j1.26,
-0.09+ j1.26,-0.1+ j1.13,
-0.1+ j1.14, -0.1+ j1.19,
-4.48+ j19.07, -4.46+ j18.03,
-4.52+ j17.46, -4.41+ j15.81,
-4.41+ j15.03,-4.23+ j14.71,
-4.17+ j13.93,-4.41+ j14.1,
-4.46+ j13.97,-4+ j10.41,
-4.44+ j13.41,-3.91+ j12.74,
-4.23+ j13.19, -4.43+ j12.17,
-4.39+ j12.19,-4.05+ j9.09,
-1.23+ j9.91,-1.22+ j5.22,
-1.01+ j1.18,-1.63+ j2.95,
-1.28+ j1.98,-1.25+ j2.13,
-1.07+ j2.62,-1.44+ j4.33,
-1.12+ j4.75,-1.09+ j4.54,
-1.06+ j4.33,-1.09+ j3.55,
-1.23+ j3.85,-1.04+ j3.91,
-1.03+ j3.79,-1.12+ j3.83,-1.
-35.96, -32.47,-30.34+ j2.06,
-30.64+ j1.07,-11.2+ j30.77,
-2.82+ j28.45,-26.32,-11.13+ j29.07,
-7.81+ j28.59,-23.96,-4.38+ j27.15,
-10.8+ j27.27,-6.26+ j27.37,-23,
-3.45+ j23.6, -6.48+ j25.11,
-9.17+ j25.37,-21.17,-8.88+ j23.95,
-10.45+j22.86,-11.04+j21.03,
-4.5+ j21.28,-10.98+ j20.19,
-11.04+j19.65,-2.09+j8.06,-1.33+ j7.22,
-1.15+ j6.87,-1.61+ j6.64,-1.86+ j6.2,
-1.31+ j6.18, -1.15+ j5.62,-1.15+ j6.09,
-1.82+ j4.44, -1.22+ j6.01, -1.03+ j4.15,
-1.56+ j2.82, -1.62+ j4.78,-1.07+ j1.87,
-1.31+ j2.5, -1.3+ j2.22,-1.
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