Dhruvin Goyani M.Tech Structural This PPT is For All the Civil Engineering Students and Specially for M.tech Students Who Trying To Learn Something New on Earthquake and its Resisting Methods and also For Seismic Analysis

2. By:
DHRUVIN GOYANI(19SOESE21001)
Mtech, Structural Engineering
Guided by:
Prof. Mehul Rangani
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering
A seminar on
“EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURE”

3. Contents
1. Introduction
What is Earthquake
Objective of Earthquake Resisting Structure
Principle of Earthquake Resisting Structure
Classification of Earthquake Resisting Structure
2. Method Analysis
Different Method Analysis
3. Literature Review
4. Seismic Design Analysis
Seismic Design Philosophy For Buildings
Seismic Risk to Building in India
Classification of Seismic Zone in India
Indian Seismic Code
Seismic Effect on Structure
Couses of Earthquake Damage
5. Conclusion
6. References

4. • Earthquake is a natural phenomenon occurring with all
uncertainties
• During the earthquake, ground motions occur in a random
fashion, both horizontally and vertically, in all directions
radiating from epicenter
• These cause structures to vibrate and induce inertia forces on
them
What is Earthquake?
Introduction

5. Objectives
• Prevent Building Collapse During Earthquake
• Minimize the Risk of Death During Earthquake
• Give Strength to a Building For Stand Against the Earthquake or
Safe From Earthquake or Design a Safe Structure.

6. Principle
1. The building shall withstand with almost no damage to moderate
earthquake which have probability of occurring several times
during life of a building.
2. The building shall not collapse or harm human lives during severe
earthquake motions, which have a probability of occurring less
than once during the life of the building.

7. • Slight: Magnitude up to 4.9 on the Richter Scale
• Moderate: Magnitude 5.0 to 6.9
• Great: Magnitude 7.0 to 7.9
• Very Great: Magnitude 8.0 and above
Classification

8. • Equivalent Static Analysis:
Equivalent static analysis is a kind of response spectrum of seismic design. It can
also be defined as the forces which acton building and it represents the ground motion
effect due toearthquake. In this procedure it is considered that the building responds with
fundamental mode.
• Response Spectrum Analysis:
Response spectrum analysis is a kind of statistical analysis which is linear
dynamic. It measures the mode of vibrationon and indicates the maximum seismic
response of elastic structure. It depends on the theory of structural dynamics and derived
from basic principles. This analysis givesacuteness into dynamic behaviour with the help
of velocity, acceleration, displacement, measurement as a structural period function for a
given damping level and time history.As Response spectrum analysis relates type selection
of structure to dynamic performance, this is very useful for decision-making in design. To
pick out the response of linear system resulting plot can be used.
Different Methods Analysis
Method Analysis

9. • Linear Dynamic Analysis:
For lower seismic effects, static analysis procedure is appropriate but for higher
seismic effects, higher buildings, buildings with irregularities or non-orthogonal systems,
dynamic analysis procedure is used. In this process of linear dynamic analysis, the
structure is analysed as a multiple degree of freedom system with viscous damping
matrix and elastic stiffness matrix.
• Nonlinear Static Analysis:
Nonlinear static analysis, known as pushover analysis is an analysis which is under
everlasting vertical loads and thinly rising lateral loads. The forces induced by earthquake
are described by static lateral loads. A sketch of displacement versus total base shear in a
structure is acquired by this analysis. It would specify any weakness and failure. This
analysis is performed up to failure, thus it allows determining the ductility capacity and
collapse load.Nonlinear static analysis is controlled by force and displacement.

10. • Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis:
Nonlinear dynamic analysis gives the results with low unpredictability. It is
because this analysis exploits thesummation of ground motion records with the
details of structural model. In this analysis the structural model estimates the
deformation for all the degrees of freedom.It is considered that the properties of
this analysis are portion of domain of time analysis. According to building codes
this analysis is meticulous and necessary for important configuration.

11. 1. Katta Venkataraman at el 2018 “Recent Advances in Earthquake
Resistant Construction Practice”
They Concluded that the most common building typologies encountered in the
recent years are the moment resisting frame (RC frame), moment Loading
resisting frames with brick infill, and masonry buildings. The Earthquake safe
construction technology should mainly involve usage of materials of ductile
nature, earthquake resilient building configuration, lightweight structural
components to reduce the seismic forces and robust architectural forms.
2. Nilanjan Tarafder at el 2015 “Earthquake Resistant Techniques and
Analysis of Tall Buildings”
They Concluded that Using different analysis methods very large and complex
buildings can be modelled. The vibration of tall buildings with symmetrical or
asymmetrical configuration issimulated for both harmonic loadings and real
earthquake loadings.
Literature Review

12. 3. Mohammad Adil Dar at el 2013 “A Study on Earthquake Resistant
Construction Techniques”
They Concluded that of This is confirmed by minimal damage generally without any
loss of life when moderate to severe earthquake strikes developed countries, whereas even
a moderate earthquake cause’s huge devastation in developing countries as has been
observed in recent earthquakes. The reason being that earthquake resistant measures are
strictly followed in these countries where as such guidelines are miserably violated in
developing countries.
4. Durgesh C Rai at el 2000 “Future Trends in earthquake resistant
Design of Structure”
They Concluded that of the development of new structural systems and devices will
continue for base-isolation, passive energy dissipation and active control systems, along
with the proliferation of non-traditional civil engineering materials and techniques.
5. Ishita Arora at el 2017 “To Study The Earthquake Design of
Structure”
They Concluded that of In the coming years, the field of Earthquake Resistant
Designing of structures is most likely to witness the most reliable structure which could
withstand the effect of earthquake in all kinds of zones.

13. • Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be
minor, moderate and strong
• Relatively speaking, minor shaking occurs frequently, moderate shaking
occurs occasionally and strong shaking rarely
• As we know that the life of the building itself may be only 50 or 100 years, a
conflict arises: whether to design the building to be “earthquake proof” where
in there is no damage during the strong but rare earthquake shaking or should
we do away with the design to building
• the former approach is too expensive and the second approach can lead to a
major disaster
• Hence, the design philosophy should lie somewhere in between these two
extremes.
Seismic Design Philosophy For Buildings
Seismic Design Analysis

14. • Non-Engineered Construction: Ex un reinforced brick
masonry, stone masonry
• Semi -Engineered Construction: Ex Reinforced brick
masonry
• Engineered Construction: Ex Reinforced Concrete framed
structures or steel structures.
Seismic Risk to Building in India

15. Classification of Seismic Zone in India

16. • IS 1893-2016, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures
• IS 4326-1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant
Design and Construction of Buildings (2nd Revision)
• IS 13827-1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving Earthquake
Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings
• IS 13920-2016, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of
Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
• IS 13935-1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Repair and Seismic
Strengthening of Buildings
Indian Seismic Code

17. Seismic Effects on Structure
• Inertia Forces Structure

18. • Horizontal and Vertical Shaking

19. • Heavy dead weight and very stiff buildings, attracting large seismic inertia
forces.
• Very low tensile and shear strength, particularly with poor mortars.
• Brittle behavior in tension as well as compression.
• Weak connection between wall and wall & roof and wall.
• Stress concentration at corners of doors and windows.
• Overall un symmetry in plan and elevation of the building
• Un symmetry due to imbalance in the sizes and positions of openings in the
wall.
• Defects in construction, such as use of substandard materials,unfilled joints
between bricks.
Causes of Earthquake Damage

20. Conclusion
• Earthquake resistant construction is important in earthquake prone area
• The building can resist earthquake forces with almost no damage
• The building shall not collapse or harm human lives during severe
earthquake motions.
• However these structures will be uneconomical.

21. References
• IITK-BMTPC “Earthquake Tips”,Indian Concrete Institute Journal,Vol.4, July-Sept. 2003 No., pg.27-32
• IITK-BMTPC“Earthquake Tips”,Indian Concrete Institute Journal, Vol.4, Oct.-Dec. 2003 No., pg.31-34.
• www.nicee.org
• www.nicee.EQTips
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305528495 IJERT:Niranjan Tarefdar “Earthquake Resistant Techniques
amd Analysis of Tall Buildings”
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326081477 C.Shreyasvi ”Recent Advances in Earthquake Resistant
Construction Practice”